外研社選修七 module 1 Small Talk

1、話(huà)題Small Talk(閑談)功能Talking about obligation or lack of obligation(談?wù)摗坝辛x務(wù)”和“無(wú)義務(wù)”)語(yǔ)法Didn't need to do and needn't have done(沒(méi)必要做與本沒(méi)必要做)重點(diǎn)詞匯及拓展1.informal adj.非正式的2serious adj.嚴(yán)肅的3lack v缺乏；缺少4opportunity n機(jī)會(huì)5favour n恩惠；照顧6reply n回答；答復(fù)；回信7shortcoming n缺點(diǎn)；短處8mature adj.成熟的9cautious adj.謹(jǐn)慎的；慎重的；小心的1

2、0.anyhow adv.不管怎么說(shuō)；無(wú)論如何11purpose n目的12certain adj.確信的sure_(同義詞) adj.uncertain_(反義詞) adj.不確定的重點(diǎn)詞匯及拓展13imagine v想象imagination n想象14apologize v道歉apology n道歉；歉意 琰茞Ü重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.think of想起；回憶起2look away from把目光從移開(kāi)3in addition除此之外；另外4find out了解(到)；找出(信息) 重點(diǎn)句型1.“疑問(wèn)詞不定式”句型結(jié)構(gòu)2Expressing obligation or

3、 lack of obligation.談?wù)摿x務(wù)與義務(wù)缺失。3You have to arrive on time at a party.你必須準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)會(huì)場(chǎng)。1lack v缺乏；缺少(作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)常接for或in)n沒(méi)有，不足，缺乏歸納拓展(1)lack (for) sth.缺少(不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，多用于否定句中)lack common sense/courage缺乏常識(shí)/勇氣lack for nothing應(yīng)有盡有(2)be lacking in缺少(品質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)等)，不足(3)for/through/due to/because of (a) lack of因缺少no lack of不缺少；

4、足夠例句：She seems to be lacking in common sense.她似乎缺乏常識(shí)。Lack of heat made us cold when we were staying in that small hotel.住在那家小旅館時(shí)，沒(méi)有暖氣讓我們覺(jué)得很冷。The project was in vain for lack of money.工程因缺乏資金而作廢。同類(lèi)辨析(1)lack是普通用詞，指完全沒(méi)有或部分缺少，既可指具體事物，也可指抽象概念，如智力、知識(shí)、勇氣等。(2)shortage指“短缺”，是就需要量而言。例句：Our main difficulty in

5、the quakehit area is a shortage of food and medicine.我們受災(zāi)地區(qū)的主要困難是缺乏食物和藥品。【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The explorer got a disease in blood for the _ of fresh vegetables and fruit.Asake BlackCignorance Dbenefit【解析】for the lack of“因缺少”，為固定搭配?！敬鸢浮緽I don't think he is the suitable person，for he_experience，_is essential for

6、 the job.Alacks；which Blacking；asClacks of；which Dlacked；that【解析】空一考查lack用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“缺少，缺乏”，后面直接跟賓語(yǔ)；空二考查which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。句意為：我認(rèn)為他不是最合適的人選，因?yàn)樗鄙俳?jīng)驗(yàn)，這是這份工作必需的條件。【答案】A2advance歸納拓展(1)adj.預(yù)先的；在前的an advance copy樣書(shū)advance party/team先頭部隊(duì)，先遣隊(duì)advance planning/warning/booking預(yù)先的計(jì)劃/警告/訂票(2)n.前進(jìn)；進(jìn)步in advance (ahead

7、 of time)預(yù)先；事先；提前in advance of在之前make an advance in sth.在某方面取得進(jìn)步(3)v.向前，前進(jìn)advance towards a place向前進(jìn)advance in sth.在某方面有進(jìn)步，前進(jìn)advance sb.to a higher position使某人提升advance sb.some moneyadvance some money to sb.預(yù)付某人錢(qián)(4)advanced adj.高級(jí)的，進(jìn)步的，年老的；發(fā)達(dá)的，先進(jìn)的advanced English/maths高級(jí)英語(yǔ)/高等數(shù)學(xué)advancement n前進(jìn)；進(jìn)展例句：W

8、e sent out an advance party of soldiers.我們派出一支先頭部隊(duì)。Let the world know more about China，let China advance towards the world.讓世界了解中國(guó)，讓中國(guó)走向世界。Its cheaper if you book the tickets in advance.預(yù)訂票要便宜一些。They are going to start an advanced course in English in that institute.他們要在那個(gè)學(xué)院開(kāi)一個(gè)英語(yǔ)高級(jí)班?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】You'll

9、 have to pay one month's rent in _，plus a _ of $500.Aadvance；check Breservation；cashCadvance；deposit Dcheck；deposit【解析】句意為：你要提前支付一個(gè)月的租金，再加上500美元的押金。in advance是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“提前”；deposit“定金，押金”，符合題意。【答案】C3certain adj.確鑿的；無(wú)疑的；可靠的歸納拓展(1)和of(有時(shí)和about)連用，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞(用about 時(shí)不跟動(dòng)名詞)，“確信；有把握”，只能用人作主語(yǔ)。(2)表示“無(wú)疑；確定”

10、時(shí)，后面接不定式，可以用人作主語(yǔ)，也可以用事物作主語(yǔ)；也可用It is certain that.句型表示“(某人做某事)肯定無(wú)疑”。(3)作定語(yǔ)，意思為“一定會(huì)來(lái)到、發(fā)生或生效的，有把握的”。(4)稍微的；輕微的；微小的(5)for certain/sure確鑿地；肯定地make certain/sure (of)把搞清楚，弄明白例句：He is certain to agree./It is certain that he will agree.他肯定會(huì)同意。There is no certain cure for this disease.這種病沒(méi)有特效藥。I felt there wa

11、s a certain coldness in her manner.我覺(jué)得她的態(tài)度有點(diǎn)冷淡。I think theres a train at 8：20，but you ought to make certain.我想8點(diǎn)20分有一班火車(chē)，不過(guò)你應(yīng)該打聽(tīng)清楚。【鏈接訓(xùn)練】It's almost _ that he will lose the next election.Acertain BsureCconfident Dright【解析】句意為：幾乎可以肯定地說(shuō)，他在下次選舉中不會(huì)成功。本題答案不能選B，因?yàn)樵贗t's certain that.結(jié)構(gòu)中certain不可用su

12、re替換，若用sure，主語(yǔ)必須是人?！敬鸢浮緼4imagine v想象；想，推測(cè)歸納拓展(1)imagine名詞/代詞/doing sth./thatclauseimagine sb./sb.'s doing sth.想象某人做某事imagine sb./sth.as把某人(物)想象成imagine what/how/why.想象You cant imagine.你想象不到(2)imagination n想象力，創(chuàng)造力imaginative adj.富有想象力的，愛(ài)想象的imaginable adj.可以想象得到的(常與形容詞最高級(jí)或all，every，only等連用，可放在被修飾的

13、名詞后)5apologize v道歉歸納拓展(1)apologize to sb.for (doing) sth.因某事/做了某事而向某人道歉(2)apology n道歉make an apology to sb. for (doing) sth.因向某人道歉accept sb.s apology接受某人的道歉owe sb.an apology應(yīng)向某人道歉例句：I apologized to her for stepping on her foot.我因踩了她的腳而向她道歉。I must apologize for the delay in replying to your letter.未能

14、及時(shí)回信，我必須向你道歉。I owe you an apology for what I said last nightIm really sorry.我該為昨晚說(shuō)的話(huà)向你道歉真對(duì)不起【鏈接訓(xùn)練】One should apologize _ his taking the wrong glass at the party.AtoBonCforDof【解析】考查“apologize to sb.for doing sth.因做某事向某人道歉”的固定用法?！敬鸢浮緾I_you an apology for what I said this morning.Anyway，I meant no offe

15、nce.Aowe Bmake Cdemand Daccept【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的搭配。owe you an apology表示“該向你道歉”【答案】A1in addition除此之外；另外歸納拓展(1)in addition該短語(yǔ)為副詞短語(yǔ)，作狀語(yǔ)，可置于句首、句中或句末。用于句首和句中時(shí)，一般用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，但在句末時(shí)，則不需分開(kāi)。(2)in addition to除以外，相當(dāng)于besides，后接名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。(3)as wellbesidesin addition除此之外(用作副詞)(4)as well asbesidesapart fromin addition to除之外(用作介詞)例句：Fi

16、rst you have the ability.In addition，you must pass the driving test.首先你要有能力。另外，你必須要通過(guò)駕駛考試。I have other things to do in addition.此外，我還有其他事要做。In addition to the names on the list，there are six other applicants.除了名單上的名字之外，還有6個(gè)申請(qǐng)人。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Why didn't you buy that dress? I disliked its pattern._，the co

17、lour didn't suit me.AIn addition BIn turnCIn return DIn fact 【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。in addition“另外，加之”；in turn“反過(guò)來(lái)”；in return“作為的回報(bào)”；in fact“事實(shí)上”。句意為：你為什么不買(mǎi)那條裙子？我不喜歡它的樣式。另外，那個(gè)顏色也不適合我。根據(jù)題意可知答案為A項(xiàng)。【答案】A_ these arrangements, extra ambulances will be on duty until midnight.AIn addition to BExceptCExcept for D

18、With the exception of【解析】句意為：除了這些安排外，其他的救護(hù)車(chē)將待位到午夜。in addition to “除此之外”，是固定用法?！敬鸢浮緼2leave out省去，遺漏，不考慮歸納拓展leave for.動(dòng)身去leave sb. alone不打擾某人leave sth. alone 別管某事leave over 留下，剩下；推遲leave off停止leave sth./sb.behind忘了帶某物；將某人拋在后面或落下例句：These are questions left over by history.這是些歷史遺留問(wèn)題。I left off in the mi

19、ddle of page 10.我讀到第10頁(yè)中間停下來(lái)了。Slow down，we're leaving Mike behind.慢點(diǎn)兒，我們把邁克落在后面了。同類(lèi)辨析leave out與cross out(1)leave out遺漏，漏掉(2)cross out劃掉，除去例句：In your written work，you left out an important detail，so you couldn't score a high mark.在書(shū)面表達(dá)中，你漏掉了一個(gè)重要細(xì)節(jié)，因此你不能得高分。This word in the sentence is unneces

20、sary.Cross it out.這個(gè)單詞在句中多余，刪掉它。【鏈接訓(xùn)練】This article is too long.You should_the unimportant details to make it shorter. Afind out Bpick outCmake out Dleave out 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。find out“找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)”；pick out“辨認(rèn)出；挑出”；make out“突出，顯眼”；leave out“省略”。句意為：這篇文章太長(zhǎng)了。你應(yīng)該省略那些不重要的細(xì)節(jié)使其縮短。由題意可知，答案為D項(xiàng)。 【答案】DHow did_feel to ru

21、n 3,000 metres at the sports meet?Terrible！Especially when I saw I was left so far_by the others.Athat；alone Bit；aloneCthat；behind Dit；behind【解析】空一考查it用作形式賓語(yǔ)，后面的動(dòng)詞不定式作真正的賓語(yǔ)；空二考查固定短語(yǔ)leave behind“將某人落在后面或拋在后面”?！敬鸢浮緿疑問(wèn)詞不定式”句型結(jié)構(gòu)歸納拓展疑問(wèn)詞可用who，what，which，when，where及how，后接不定式構(gòu)成帶有疑問(wèn)詞的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。注意：(1)

22、不能用why to do結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)疑問(wèn)詞前有時(shí)可用介詞。(3)不定式常用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。例句：When to go for the picnic hasnt been decided.什么時(shí)間去野炊還沒(méi)定下來(lái)。I dont know who to turn to for help.我不知道該向誰(shuí)求助。The difficulty for the little horse was how to cross the river.小馬的困難是怎樣過(guò)河?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】I've worked with children before，so I know what _ in my new job.A

23、expected Bto expectCto be expecting Dexpects【解析】考查“疑問(wèn)詞不定式”的句型結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為：我以前和小孩一起工作過(guò)，所以我知道我的新工作應(yīng)該做些什么?！敬鸢浮緽didnt need to do與neednt have done1need既可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，也可用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。(1)need作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，主要用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句及表示疑問(wèn)的從句中。例句：That's all settled.It needn't be talked about.已經(jīng)完全解決了，不必談了。Why need you go today?為什么你今天需要去？回答由ne

24、ed引起的問(wèn)句時(shí)，肯定回答一般用must，否定回答用needn't。(2)need用作及物動(dòng)詞和不定式連用，可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。例句：You don't need to do it yourself.這件事你不必親自做。Does he need to know it?他需要知道這件事嗎？在個(gè)別情況下，need作為及物動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子在意思上略有差別。例句：He doesnt need to be told.不必告訴他了。(告訴他沒(méi)好處)He neednt be told.無(wú)需告訴他。(他已經(jīng)知道了)2當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為“物”的名詞時(shí)，need后的賓語(yǔ)用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，nee

25、d doingneed to be done，用法同want/require。例句：The garden doesnt need watering/to be watered；it rained last night.花園無(wú)需澆水，昨晚下雨了。3didn't need to do sth.表示“過(guò)去沒(méi)有必要做某事”。例句：I didn't need to clean the windows.My brother did it.我沒(méi)有必要擦窗戶(hù)，我哥哥已經(jīng)擦了。needn't have done sth.表示“本沒(méi)有必要做某事而實(shí)際卻做了”。例句：You needn

26、9;t have taken a taxi here，for it was very near to my house.你本沒(méi)有必要打車(chē)來(lái)，因?yàn)槟莾弘x我家很近?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】Would you like me to go to the dentist with you?No, you _ with me.Aneed not to go Bdo not need goCneed not go Dneed go not【解析】考查need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法，后面直接跟動(dòng)詞原形。句意為：要我和你一起去看牙醫(yī)嗎？不，你不用陪我一塊兒去。【答案】CMy watch needs_，but I have no

27、time to go downtown to have it_.Ato repair；repaired Bto be repaired；repairingCrepairing；repaired Dbeing repaired；repaired【解析】空一處考查need doing need to be done；空二考查have sth. done“讓別人做某事；某人遭遇”。句意為：我的手表需要修理了，但是我沒(méi)有時(shí)間去市里找人修理。綜上，可知答案為C?！敬鸢浮緾Those who failed to get in _ disappointed as many of the artists wh

28、o should have appeared did not come.Adidnt need felt Bneednt have feltCmustnt have felt Dcouldnt have felt【解析】句意為：那些沒(méi)有進(jìn)去的人根本沒(méi)必要感到失望，因?yàn)樵S多應(yīng)該出席的畫(huà)家并沒(méi)有到場(chǎng)。needn't have done sth.“本沒(méi)有必要做某事而實(shí)際卻做了”?！敬鸢浮緽It was Sunday.I_up early, so I stayed in bed until 10 o'clock am.Adon't need to get B. didn'

29、;t need to getCshouldn't have got D. needn't have got 【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞need的用法。句意為：今天是星期天。我沒(méi)有必要早起，所以我早上直到10點(diǎn)鐘才起床。由題干可知句子的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故排除A項(xiàng)；shouldnt have done“本來(lái)不應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上已經(jīng)做了”；neednt have done“本沒(méi)有必要做某事但實(shí)際上已經(jīng)做了”，均與題意不符，故排除，選B?！敬鸢浮緽練習(xí)：一. 單項(xiàng)填空從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1. You might have sent us a messa

30、ge. You here yourself.A. neednt have come B. mustnt comeC. dont have to come D. didnt need to come2. David is always late for school and doesnt work hard. I can hardly imagine him the examination.（imagine doing sth）A. being passed B. to be passedC. passing D. to pass3. All the representatives were t

31、he bill, so it was passed and became a law.A. in honor of （為紀(jì)念，為慶祝） B. in hopes of（希望能，懷著什么樣的希望）C. in return for（作為的報(bào)答） D. in favour of（有利于，支持，贊同）4. The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings. , it caused hundreds of deaths.A. In fact B. In all（總共，合計(jì)，多指范圍）C. In total（總計(jì)，多指數(shù)量） D. In add

32、ition5. It was because of of funds that the project had to be put off（推遲，延遲）.A. failure B. lackC. absence D. drop6. Youve made a serious mistakeyouve one letter “p” in the telegram.A. left out B. made out(理解，辨認(rèn)，說(shuō)明)C. put out（熄滅，出版） D. taken out（取出，去掉，出發(fā)）7. The journalist interviewed a handful of suc

33、cessful businessmen, and he summed up the characteristics they have in his report. * have some in common with sbA. in nature B. in relationC. in common D. in theory8. Have they taken measures to control the spread of the disease?No, they havent. They dont seem to be of its danger.A. aware B. cautiou

34、sC. afraid D. careful9. The heavy snow has lasted for seven days. , all the roads in the city are blocked for the time being.A. As a rule B. As a consequenceC. In case D. As usual10. Well have three weeks off for the Spring Festival. Lets make a trip to Hong Kong. ! Im looking forward to that.A. Nev

35、er mind B. Have a good timeC. Well done D. Sounds fine to me二. 完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。I can never forget the unexpected car accident several years ago. It was very late. I was with my 1 and sister in a car on vacation at a farm close to Medellin. We 2 a car accident.It is

36、said to be very 3 to stop and help strangers in some places in Colombia, because it can be a trick. 4 , I did hear of many cases in which people were 5 just because they stopped and tried to help those who seemed to be in 6 .So, we didnt know 7 we should stop or not. But in the end, fortunately, my

37、parents decided to. There was really an 8 some of the passengers were 9 . We took them to the hospital, and they were really 10 , and we felt very happy to help them.I can still remember what happened the 11 day. After we told my uncles what we had done, they 12 that we shouldnt have 13 , for it was

38、 too risky. They thought we were 14 to be alive to tell the story. They 15 us to promise we would never do that again in the future.Personally, I think it was risky, but I also think it was worth taking the 16 . If we hadnt helped them this time, who knows what would happen to 17 in return one day?

39、But I also believe that one of the reasons why we 18 to stop was the fact that we were four people together and felt 19 enough. Maybe I wouldnt have stopped if I was 20 because I wouldnt have felt safe.1. A. parents B. uncles C. children D. friends2. A. escaped from B. came across C. ended with D. h

40、eard of3. A. exciting B. worthwhile C. interesting D. dangerous4. A. Eventually B. Surprisingly C. Actually D. Fortunately5. A. robbed B. questioned C. aided D. loved6. A. darkness B. failure C. matter D. trouble7. A. where B. when C. whether D. how8. A. incident B. accident C. event D. experience9.

41、 A. injured B. survived C. murdered D. treated10. A. gratefulB. embarrassed C. interested D. worried11. A. first B. earlier C. next D. last12. A. imagined B. expected C. complained D. demanded13. A. driven B. stopped C. left D. walked14. A. lucky B. hurried C. tired D. lonely15. A. cautioned B. noti

42、fied C. informed D. required16. A. hazard(冒險(xiǎn)，賭運(yùn)氣) B. danger C. risk D. adventure17. A. one B. us C. them D. it18. A. refused B. forgot C. remembered D. decided19. A. mighty B. secure C. strong D. powerful20. A. deserted B. isolated C. lonely D. alone三. 短文改錯(cuò)此題要求改正所給短文的錯(cuò)誤。請(qǐng)根據(jù)上下文對(duì)標(biāo)有題號(hào)的每一行作出判斷;如無(wú)錯(cuò)誤，在該行右

43、邊橫線(xiàn)上劃一個(gè)勾();如果有錯(cuò)誤（每行只有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤)，則按下列情況改正:此行多一個(gè)詞:把多余的詞用斜線(xiàn)()劃掉，在該行右邊橫線(xiàn)上寫(xiě)出該詞，并用斜線(xiàn)劃掉。此行缺一個(gè)詞：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（），在該行右邊橫線(xiàn)上寫(xiě)出應(yīng)加的單詞。此行錯(cuò)一個(gè)詞：在錯(cuò)詞下劃一橫線(xiàn)，在該行右邊橫線(xiàn)上寫(xiě)出改正后的單詞。注意：原行沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤的不要改。It was a long time since we last saw each other. You 1. can hardly imagine how I miss you. How are you getting with 2. your first job? I rem

44、ember you once tell me you were eager 3. to graduate and to become an English teacher. Now you must 4. have many first hand experience. How do you find your English 5. teaching? Is teaching kids English as interested as you expected 6. in college? And do your student enjoy your classroom teaching? 7

45、. Anyway, I believe you must be very popular with the kids, for 8. you are a born teacher. Hope you great success in your work! Yes,9. why not give me a call or come for gettogether this weekend? 10. 提升練習(xí). 1. 解析：選A。由“You might have sent us a message”這一信息表明，你本不必親自來(lái)這里，而你卻來(lái)了。故選A。2. 解析：選C。imagine sb./sb.s doing sth. 想象某人做某事，imagine后面接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。3. 解析：選D。根據(jù)后半句“so it was passed and became a law”可知，“贊同議案”，故選D。4. 解析：選D。由句意“颶風(fēng)毀壞了很多住房和商業(yè)建筑”和“它造成幾百人死亡”可知，這些都是在陳述颶風(fēng)所帶來(lái)的結(jié)果。in addition此外，另外；in fact事實(shí)上；in all總共，總計(jì)；in total合計(jì)。故選D。5. 解析：選B。句意為:由于