虛擬語(yǔ)氣干貨分享

1、1虛擬語(yǔ)氣2一一. .虛擬語(yǔ)氣的類型虛擬語(yǔ)氣的類型1 1、實(shí)際意義上的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。、實(shí)際意義上的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。they talked as if they they talked as if they had beenhad been friends for years. friends for years.2 2、虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式。、虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式。the order was that we the order was that we (should) stay(should) stay where we were. where we were.3二二. .實(shí)際意義上的虛擬語(yǔ)氣實(shí)際意義上的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1 1

2、、小小順口溜、小小順口溜虛擬語(yǔ)氣并不難虛擬語(yǔ)氣并不難, , 從句時(shí)態(tài)都提前從句時(shí)態(tài)都提前, ,主句主句wouldwould加在前，注意動(dòng)詞要還原。加在前，注意動(dòng)詞要還原。（省略（省略if if要倒裝）要倒裝）e.g. e.g. 1 1）if i if i werewere in your shoes, i in your shoes, i wouldwould accept the terms. accept the terms.2 2） if we if we had lefthad left earlier, we earlier, we wouldnt have missedwouldn

3、t have missed the train. the train.3 3） i wish i i wish i werewere as clever as you as clever as you42 2、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的應(yīng)用、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的應(yīng)用所述情所述情況況 if if 從句從句 主句主句 與過(guò)去與過(guò)去相反相反if + if + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + had done+ had done主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + would/ could/ + would/ could/ might/should + have done might/should + have done 與現(xiàn)在與現(xiàn)在相反相反 if

4、 + if + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + did+ did（bebe動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞用werewere）主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) +would/ could/ +would/ could/ might/should + do might/should + do 與將來(lái)與將來(lái)相反相反 if + if + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + did+ didif + if + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + were to + do+ were to + doif + if + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + should + do+ should + do主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ would/ could/ + would/ could/ might/should domight/should do

5、5此表中需要注意幾點(diǎn)：此表中需要注意幾點(diǎn)：1 1bebe動(dòng)詞在表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的從句中一般用動(dòng)詞在表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的從句中一般用werewere。在非正式情況下，第一、。在非正式情況下，第一、第三人稱后偶爾也用第三人稱后偶爾也用waswas。如：。如：if he were/was you, he would go at once.if he were/was you, he would go at once. 2 2主句中的主句中的shouldshould通常用于第一人稱，通常用于第一人稱，would, couldwould, could以及以及mightmight可以用于各種人可以用于各

6、種人稱。稱。3 3在表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的條件句中，只能用在表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的條件句中，只能用shouldshould，而不能用，而不能用would, couldwould, could和和mightmight等。如：等。如：if it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. if it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. （should rainshould rain也可以用也可以用rained, were to rainrained, were to rain代替）代替）64 4

7、、主句和、主句和if if條件句時(shí)態(tài)不一致（單獨(dú)虛擬）。如：條件句時(shí)態(tài)不一致（單獨(dú)虛擬）。如：if he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.if he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.if you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the if you were in better health, we would have allow

8、ed you to join them in the work.work.7含蓄條件句含蓄條件句有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過(guò)其他引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過(guò)其他手段來(lái)替代條件句。手段來(lái)替代條件句。1 1用介詞短語(yǔ)替代條件句。常用介詞有用介詞短語(yǔ)替代條件句。常用介詞有with, without, but forwith, without, but for等。如：等。如：we couldnt have succeeded without your help(=if we hadnt got your help). w

9、e couldnt have succeeded without your help(=if we hadnt got your help). what would you do with a million dollars?what would you do with a million dollars?but for the rainbut for the rain（=if it hadnt been for the rain=if it hadnt been for the rain）, we would have finished the , we would have finishe

10、d the work. work. 82. 2. 假設(shè)的情況又是可以通過(guò)上下文或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。如：假設(shè)的情況又是可以通過(guò)上下文或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。如：1 1）he would have given you more help, but he has been ill.he would have given you more help, but he has been ill.2 2）i was ill that day. otherwise i would have taken part in the parade.( if i i was ill that day. otherwise

11、i would have taken part in the parade.( if i hadnt been ill,)hadnt been ill,)but, otherwisebut, otherwise連接的兩個(gè)并列的分句存在單獨(dú)虛擬現(xiàn)象，即：一個(gè)分句為虛擬連接的兩個(gè)并列的分句存在單獨(dú)虛擬現(xiàn)象，即：一個(gè)分句為虛擬句，另一個(gè)分句為真實(shí)句。句，另一個(gè)分句為真實(shí)句。93 3）it would be a mistake not to help him.( it would be a mistake if we didnt it would be a mistake not to help hi

12、m.( it would be a mistake if we didnt help him.)help him.)anyone in her position would have done the same.anyone in her position would have done the same.有些句子相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件從句，謂語(yǔ)也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。有些句子相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件從句，謂語(yǔ)也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。4 4）suppose we told her the truth.suppose we told her the truth.5 5）imagine your child played trua

13、nt.imagine your child played truant.10省略省略if if的情況的情況如果從句中含有系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞（如果從句中含有系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞（were, had, shouldwere, had, should或或could could ）時(shí)，）時(shí)，可省略可省略if if，把從句中的，把從句中的were, hadwere, had或或shouldshould或或couldcould提到其主語(yǔ)前形成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。提到其主語(yǔ)前形成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：如：had we made(=if we had made) adequate preparations, we m

14、ight have had we made(=if we had made) adequate preparations, we might have succeeded.succeeded.were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty.were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty.should there be a flood, what should we do?should there be a flood,

15、what should we do?113 3、實(shí)際意義上虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其它從句中的應(yīng)用、實(shí)際意義上虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其它從句中的應(yīng)用（從句時(shí)態(tài)都提前）（從句時(shí)態(tài)都提前）wishwish后后thatthat引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。如：引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。如：i wish i were as clever as you. i wish i were as clever as you. i wish he would try again. i wish he would try again. （表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反）（表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反）as ifas if（thoughthough）引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句或方式狀語(yǔ)從句中。如

16、：）引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句或方式狀語(yǔ)從句中。如：he looks as if/though he looks as if/though he were an artist.he were an artist. 12would ratherwould rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。 （would ratherwould rather后不能加后不能加thatthat。）。） 從句謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)要做的相反的事情，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)要做的相反的事情，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示與過(guò)去發(fā)生的相反的事情。如：來(lái)表示與過(guò)去發(fā)生的相反的事情。如： id rath

17、er you didnt go there.(id rather you didnt go there.(與將來(lái)相反）與將來(lái)相反）id rather we had a rest now. id rather we had a rest now. （與現(xiàn)在相反）（與現(xiàn)在相反）id rather you had been here yesterday. id rather you had been here yesterday. （與過(guò)去相反）（與過(guò)去相反）if onlyif only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中。如：引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中。如：if only i were a bird. if only i were

18、 a bird. （我要是只鳥(niǎo)就好了。）（我要是只鳥(niǎo)就好了。）13三三. .虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式1) 1)復(fù)合句中含有復(fù)合句中含有suggest, advise, recommend, propose, (suggest, advise, recommend, propose, (建議、安排）建議、安排）demand, require (request), ask, urge, desire, demand, require (request), ask, urge, desire, ( (要求、渴望）要求、渴望）insist, orderinsist, order（堅(jiān)持、命令）（堅(jiān)持、命

19、令）等等, ,以及其派生詞以及其派生詞 （如：（如：suggestion, adviceidea) suggestion, adviceidea) 復(fù)合句中所含有的名詞性從句復(fù)合句中所含有的名詞性從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should do, should should do, should 可以省略。如：可以省略。如：the doctor suggested/insisted that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. the doctor suggested/insisted that she (should) stay in be

20、d for a few days. we all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) give up the plan.we all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) give up the plan. 14注意：當(dāng)注意：當(dāng)suggestsuggest作作“暗示、表明暗示、表明”講，講，insistinsist作作“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”講，即堅(jiān)持事實(shí)是怎樣講，即堅(jiān)持事實(shí)是怎樣時(shí)，后邊時(shí)，后邊thatthat從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：mike insisted that he had n

21、ever stolen anything. mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. the look on his face suggested that he was angry. the look on his face suggested that he was angry. 152) 2) 在在it is + it is + 形容詞形容詞(necessary, important, natural, strange, etc. ) + that(necessary, important, natural, strange, et

22、c. ) + that從句中，從句中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should do, should should do, should 可以省略。如：可以省略。如：its necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. its necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. 3 3）在）在it is/was a pityit is/was a pity（a shame, no wonder, etc. a shame, no wonder, etc. ） + tha

23、t+ that從句中，從句中的謂從句中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should do, should should do, should 可以省略。如：可以省略。如：it was a pity that our team should lose the game. it was a pity that our team should lose the game. 當(dāng)然上面當(dāng)然上面2) 2) 、 3)3)兩類的兩類的thatthat從句中也可以不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如：從句中也可以不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如：it is strange that he did not come yesterday. it is strange that he did not come yesterday. it is a pity that you cant dance.it is a pity that you cant dance. 164) it is4) it is（high/abouthigh/abo