《高三高考語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣》

1、Definition陳述語(yǔ)氣（陳述語(yǔ)氣（the Indicative Mood）用來(lái)陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，或提用來(lái)陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，或提出一個(gè)想法，有肯定、否定、疑問(wèn)或感嘆等形式。出一個(gè)想法，有肯定、否定、疑問(wèn)或感嘆等形式。The fish is not alive without water.虛語(yǔ)語(yǔ)氣（虛語(yǔ)語(yǔ)氣（the Subjunctive Mood）表示說(shuō)話人的一種表示說(shuō)話人的一種愿望、建議、命令、要求、有時(shí)是一種非真實(shí)的假設(shè)、愿望、建議、命令、要求、有時(shí)是一種非真實(shí)的假設(shè)、料想，或是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的與事實(shí)相反的愿望。料想，或是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的與事實(shí)相反的愿望。1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考點(diǎn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考點(diǎn) 1、條件句

2、中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；、條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；2、條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝；、條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝；3、名詞性從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；、名詞性從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；4、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；5、虛擬語(yǔ)氣與陳述語(yǔ)氣的判定。、虛擬語(yǔ)氣與陳述語(yǔ)氣的判定。if if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句區(qū)別區(qū)別:If it rains tomorrow, the crops will be saved.陳述語(yǔ)氣陳述語(yǔ)氣If it rained tomorrow, the crops would be saved.虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣If + 主主 + did(were),

3、 主主+would/should/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形If I were you, I would try it again.1. 如果我是你，我會(huì)再試一次。如果我是你，我會(huì)再試一次。2.2.如果我有一百萬(wàn)美元，我會(huì)買(mǎi)下這架飛機(jī)。如果我有一百萬(wàn)美元，我會(huì)買(mǎi)下這架飛機(jī)。If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句If +主主 +had done sth, 主主+would/should/could/might +動(dòng)詞完成式（動(dòng)詞完成式（have done）If h

4、e had worked hard, he would have passed the examination.1.1.如果他努力學(xué)的話，他就通過(guò)這次考試。如果他努力學(xué)的話，他就通過(guò)這次考試。If I had married her, I would have been unhappy.2.2.要是當(dāng)時(shí)我和她結(jié)了婚的話，那我是很不幸的。要是當(dāng)時(shí)我和她結(jié)了婚的話，那我是很不幸的。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句( (通常有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)通常有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)) )If he came here tomorrow, I would tell

5、 him about it.If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him.1.1.如果他明天來(lái)的話如果他明天來(lái)的話, ,我會(huì)告訴他這件事我會(huì)告訴他這件事.2.2.如果他明天來(lái)的話如果他明天來(lái)的話, ,我會(huì)告訴他我會(huì)告訴他.If + 主主 + did(were to /should do), 主主+would/should/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形If you _tomorrow, you _find the new manager working in the office. A. should come; would

6、B. would come; wouldC. will come; should D. comes; mightIf the parents _at the hospital earlier after the accident, the child would have been saved.A. arrives B. arrive C. had arrived D. has arrivedIf he _he _that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not have ta

7、kenB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not takenI didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from going .A. had b

8、een; would have preventedB. had been; would preventC. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented倒裝的倒裝的If If虛擬句虛擬句條件狀語(yǔ)的倒裝：條件狀語(yǔ)的倒裝：如果條件狀語(yǔ)中有如果條件狀語(yǔ)中有were, had, should時(shí)時(shí), , 可以倒可以倒裝成：裝成：Were / Should / Had + +主主+ +其他其他Were I you, I would try it again. Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen

9、 the film. Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out. If I were you, I would try it again.If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out._the exam, he would have attend a college.A. If he passed B. Had he passedC. Were he passed D. If he sh

10、ould pass_five minutes earlier, you could have seen them off.A. If you should arrive B. If you arriveC. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive _it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the visit to the Science Museum.A. Were B. should C. would D. willwishwish引導(dǎo)的虛擬句引導(dǎo)的虛擬句I wish I I wish I remembered

11、remembered the the address.address.我要是記得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）我要是記得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）How I wish he How I wish he had not lefthad not left. .要是他沒(méi)有離開(kāi)這里就好了。（他已離開(kāi)）要是他沒(méi)有離開(kāi)這里就好了。（他已離開(kāi)）I wish it I wish it would rainwould rain tomorrow. tomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（說(shuō)話人以預(yù)料明天不會(huì)下雨）要是明天下雨就好了。（說(shuō)話人以預(yù)料明天不會(huì)下雨）wish + thatHow I wishIf on

12、lydid/were 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在had done 過(guò)去過(guò)去would / might /would do 將來(lái)將來(lái)5. If only (1) 要是就好了要是就好了 = I wishIf only I knew his name now!If only we had followed your advice last time!If only I could see him again next year!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt mis

13、sed the train!要是我沒(méi)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車(chē)就好了要是我沒(méi)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車(chē)就好了.Exercises:“ Have you visited the Science Museum?”“ No, but I really wish I _.” A. had B. did C. have D. willI didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _there.A. was B. were C. had been D. wentI wish I _ you yesterday.A. see B. did see C. had seen D. were to see -He

14、 is a brave man.-Yes, I wish I _his courage.A. Have B. had C. will have D. would haveTom can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _me how.A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teachThe picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_to it.A. hadnt gone B. h

15、avent goneC. didnt go D. could not have goneHow I wish I _that! Everybody present was angry with me.A. didnt go B. hadnt done C. wouldnt do D. wasnt doing as if /though 區(qū)別：區(qū)別： He speaks English as if/ though he is from the USA.陳述語(yǔ)氣陳述語(yǔ)氣He speaks English as if/ though he were from the USA.虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣2. a

16、s if /though + Clause現(xiàn)在：現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去：過(guò)去：將來(lái)將來(lái) :did /were(現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在)had done(過(guò)去過(guò)去)She loves the baby as if it were her own son.He speaks as if he had been to the United States. would+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形(將來(lái)將來(lái))虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣 Subjunctive Mood時(shí)間時(shí)間條件從句條件從句 if主句主句過(guò)去過(guò)去had donewould/should/could/might have done現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在did/werewould/should/co

17、uld/might do將來(lái)將來(lái)1.should do2.were to do3.did退一步退一步 海闊天空海闊天空even if/ though, wish, if only等從句等從句的虛擬與它相同。的虛擬與它相同。名詞性從句中要求名詞性從句中要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞如果我是你，我就聽(tīng)從他的建議。如果我是你，我就聽(tīng)從他的建議。If I were you, I would have taken his advice.從句表示現(xiàn)在，主句表示過(guò)去從句表示現(xiàn)在，主句表示過(guò)去如果你聽(tīng)我的話，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)這么糟糕了。如果你聽(tīng)我的話，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)這么糟糕了。從句表示過(guò)去，主句表示現(xiàn)在從句表示過(guò)

18、去，主句表示現(xiàn)在如果這些天一直沒(méi)下雨，我們現(xiàn)在可以進(jìn)行如果這些天一直沒(méi)下雨，我們現(xiàn)在可以進(jìn)行工作了。工作了。從句表過(guò)去進(jìn)行，主句表現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行從句表過(guò)去進(jìn)行，主句表現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行If you had listened to me, you might not be in such trouble now.If it hadnt been raining those days, we should be going on with the works.注意注意: :主從句時(shí)間不一致情況下的虛擬語(yǔ)氣主從句時(shí)間不一致情況下的虛擬語(yǔ)氣( (混合條件句混合條件句):): 有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和結(jié)果與主句有時(shí)條件從

19、句中的動(dòng)作和結(jié)果與主句中的動(dòng)作，發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)中的動(dòng)作，發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)動(dòng)作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加動(dòng)作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。以調(diào)整。 If you If you had followedhad followed my advice, you my advice, you wouldwould be able to finish the work now. be able to finish the work now.如果你當(dāng)時(shí)聽(tīng)了我的話，現(xiàn)在就能完成這份如果你當(dāng)時(shí)聽(tīng)了我的話，現(xiàn)在就能完成這份工作了。工作了。（從句說(shuō)明過(guò)去，主句說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在。）（從句說(shuō)明過(guò)去，主句說(shuō)

20、明現(xiàn)在。）If I If I werewere you, I you, I would have gonewould have gone to to her birthday party.her birthday party.如果我是你，我就去參加她的生日晚會(huì)了。如果我是你，我就去參加她的生日晚會(huì)了。（從句說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在，主句說(shuō)明過(guò)去。）（從句說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在，主句說(shuō)明過(guò)去。） If you If you hadnt lenthadnt lent me some money, me some money, I I couldnt have boughtcouldnt have bought the new

21、the new house and most likely I house and most likely I would be would be still livingstill living in the dangerous in the dangerous house now.house now.假若你不借錢(qián)給我，假若你不借錢(qián)給我， 我不可能買(mǎi)下這幢我不可能買(mǎi)下這幢新房，很可能現(xiàn)在還住在危房里。新房，很可能現(xiàn)在還住在危房里。（從句說(shuō)明過(guò)去，主句說(shuō)明過(guò)去和現(xiàn)（從句說(shuō)明過(guò)去，主句說(shuō)明過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在。）在。） suggest, order, demand, propose, command, r

22、equest, desire, insist, require, advice etc.引引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，以導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，以(should) + v原原的形式出現(xiàn)。的形式出現(xiàn)。 We all suggest that he ( should ) finish his homework first. The captain commanded that all the sailors ( should ) get down to work at once.Its suggested ( ordered, demanded, proposed, commanded, req

23、uested, desired, insisted, required ) that 后面的主語(yǔ)從句中要使用后面的主語(yǔ)從句中要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也以虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也以 ( should )+ v原原.的形式出的形式出現(xiàn)?，F(xiàn)。 Its ordered that only German ( should ) be taught at schools in Alsas and Lorin. Its requested that all the students ( should ) wear school uniforms at school. 以上這些動(dòng)詞的以上這些動(dòng)詞的名詞形式名詞形式后面的后面的表語(yǔ)從

24、句表語(yǔ)從句 和和同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句中也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也應(yīng)以中也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也應(yīng)以 (should) + v(should) + v原原. . 的形式出現(xiàn)。的形式出現(xiàn)。 My suggestion is that you ( should ) go home first before coming here. His request that his cost ( should ) be paid by the hour is completely reasonable.The order came that the work (should) be finished two days ah

25、ead of time My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible 注意注意:當(dāng)當(dāng)suggest 表示表示“暗暗示示”;insist表示表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)時(shí)不用虛擬！不用虛擬！His accent suggests he comes from Hunan.I insist that he was wrongHis silence suggested that he agreed with my decision He insists that doing morning ex

26、ercises does good to peoples health. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣特殊句型：1. would rather that現(xiàn)在：現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去：過(guò)去：未來(lái)：未來(lái)：過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.注意注意: 在主語(yǔ)在主語(yǔ)would (had) rather that 賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句謂語(yǔ)一般賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句謂語(yǔ)一般用過(guò)去用過(guò)去式表示虛擬形式。例如式表示虛擬形式。例如

27、:我真希望你告訴我真相。我真希望你告訴我真相。 Id rather you told me the truth. 我寧愿不再見(jiàn)著你。我寧愿不再見(jiàn)著你。 Id rather I didnt see you again. 我倒希望他們和我一起去。我倒希望他們和我一起去。I would rather they went with me.(1) 對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)去時(shí) (系動(dòng)詞用系動(dòng)詞用were),意指主從句意指主從句謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生.例如例如:他看起來(lái)好象病了他看起來(lái)好象病了.He looks as if he were ill.他感到

28、他應(yīng)該獨(dú)自對(duì)發(fā)生的他感到他應(yīng)該獨(dú)自對(duì)發(fā)生的 事情承事情承擔(dān)責(zé)任擔(dān)責(zé)任.He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened.(2) 對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用had+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞, 意指從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞意指從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前.例如例如:她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)的很好就象是在英國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的一她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)的很好就象是在英國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的一樣樣.She spoke English well as if she had studied English in England.我記得整件事情就象是昨天發(fā)生的一

29、樣我記得整件事情就象是昨天發(fā)生的一樣.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.(3) 對(duì)未來(lái)的虛擬謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用對(duì)未來(lái)的虛擬謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用would+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形, 意指從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞意指從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后. 例如例如:史密斯太太哭得心都快碎了史密斯太太哭得心都快碎了.Mrs. Smith sobbed as if her heart would break.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it

30、 _.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been brokenThe actor is 58 years old. But he acts as if he _ a young man.A. is B. will be C. am D. wereThe clouds are getting darker and darker. It looks as if it _rain.A. is going to B. will C. was going to D. would注意：注意：如果表示的事情可能如果表示的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生，那么狀語(yǔ)從句中

31、的會(huì)發(fā)生，那么狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。It looks as if you are tired.3. Its (about/high) time +that - 過(guò)去時(shí)should +V.你該走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.我們?cè)撊ニX(jué)了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 4. without和和but fo

32、r 構(gòu)成虛擬。構(gòu)成虛擬。but for要不是要不是Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today.But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed.But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.5. If only (1) 要是就好了要是就好了 = I wishIf only I knew his name!If o

33、nly we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我沒(méi)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車(chē)就好了！要是我沒(méi)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車(chē)就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!(2) = as long as 常用陳述語(yǔ)氣常用陳述語(yǔ)氣.如果我們緊密團(tuán)結(jié)就一定能戰(zhàn)勝如果我們緊密團(tuán)結(jié)就一定能戰(zhàn)勝一切困難一切困難.We can surely overcome these difficul

34、ties if only we are closely united.6. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause 從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，即（即（should）+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.7. otherwis

35、e 和和supposing也可以引也可以引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如：導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如：The storm stopped, otherwise the sailors would have fallen into the sea.Im getting cold, otherwise I would keep her.Suppose(supposing) your friends knew how you are behaving here, what would they think?8. so that 與與in order that 二者引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)部分應(yīng)該用二者引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)部

36、分應(yīng)該用may /might/can /could /etc.+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 She stayed at home for a few days so that she might have more time to study it. She listened carefully in order that she minght discover exactly what he wanted. He went to the station in a taxi so that he should not miss the train.9.用用 “may+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”表示祝愿，表示祝愿

37、，但愿，此時(shí)但愿，此時(shí)may須置于句首須置于句首 May good luck be yours!祝你好運(yùn)！祝你好運(yùn)！May you be happy!祝你快樂(lè)！祝你快樂(lè)！May you do even better!祝你取得祝你取得更大成就更大成就 Long live the people! 人民萬(wàn)歲！人民萬(wàn)歲！“God bless you,” said the priest.牧師說(shuō)：牧師說(shuō)：“愿上帝保佑你！愿上帝保佑你！” 非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表出來(lái)，只暗含句有時(shí)不表出來(lái)，只暗含在上下文中，這種句子叫在上下文中，這種句子叫做做含蓄條件句含蓄條件句。含蓄條件。含

38、蓄條件句大體有三種情況句大體有三種情況: 1. 條件暗含在短語(yǔ)中條件暗含在短語(yǔ)中。如：。如： W hat would I have done without you? (條件暗含在分詞短語(yǔ)條件暗含在分詞短語(yǔ)without you中中) It would be easier to do it this way. (條件暗含在不定式短語(yǔ)條件暗含在不定式短語(yǔ)to do it this way 中中) But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. (暗含條件是暗含條件是but for your help)This same

39、 thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster. (條件暗含在分詞短語(yǔ)條件暗含在分詞短語(yǔ)happening in wartime中中) He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. (暗含條件是連詞暗含條件是連詞or) Alone, he would have been terrified. (暗含條件是暗含條件是alone) 2. 條件暗含在上下文中。如：條件暗含在上下文中。如： Yo

40、u might stay here forever. (可能暗含可能暗含if you wanted to) We would have succeeded. (可能暗含可能暗含if we had kept trying) Your reputation would be ruined. (可能暗含可能暗含if you should accept it) I would appreciate a little of your time. (可能暗含可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time)3. 在不少情況下，虛擬式已變

41、成習(xí)慣說(shuō)在不少情況下，虛擬式已變成習(xí)慣說(shuō)法，很難找出其暗含的條件。法，很難找出其暗含的條件。如：如： You wouldnt know. 你不會(huì)知道。你不會(huì)知道。 I would like to come. 我愿意來(lái)。我愿意來(lái)。 I wouldnt have dreamed of it. 這是我做夢(mèng)也不會(huì)想到的。這是我做夢(mèng)也不會(huì)想到的。 He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他將那事講的非常仔細(xì)，簡(jiǎn)直就象他親眼看他將那事講的非常仔細(xì)，簡(jiǎn)直就象他親眼看見(jiàn)一樣見(jiàn)

42、一樣 1 He suggested that the meeting put off. A. not be B. should not C. wouldnt D. be not 2 It is strange that he so. A. thinks B. think C.thought D. will think 3 I wish I my uncle yesterday. A. met B. have met C. would meet D. had met 4 The old professor gave orders that the experiment before 6. A.

43、was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finished 5. She says shed rather he _tomorrow instead of today. A. had B. should leave C. leaves D. left6. Its already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its about time_ ? A. we are going home B. if she leaves C. we went home D. if she had left 7 Its

44、high time he home. A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going to go 8 you succeed and you be healthy. A. Maymay B. Wishwish C. Hopehope D. Shouldmay 9 Galileo insisted that the earth round the sun. A. should move B. move C. moves D. A or B10 If only I _ to my parents advice! A. listening B. listen C. am listening D. had listened 11 -Why didnt you come to the party yesterday? -I _ , but an unexpected visitor came to see me. A. did B. would C. had D. was going to