三位轉(zhuǎn)換理論

1、Transformation TheoryThe “ three dimensional3.1 The “ Three dimensional” transformation, rooting in- trhaen selcaotology theory, who is a branch of the core concepts of ec-otranslatology, is the nature of the Adaption and Selection theory, the other core concept of eco-translatology. According to Hu

2、, eco-translatology has nine main research angles and perspectives, that is, “ ecologicapl aradigm, ecological rationally, the relevance chain, doing things with translation, translational eco-environment, translator centrality, adaption and selection, three-dimensional transformation, post-event pe

3、nalty ”(Hu, 2011). Eco-translatology is a new theory to interpret the translation process from the perspective of ecology, studying translation under a big ecological background of many theoretical ideas in eco-translatology which adaptation and selection occupy the central position.The theory holds

4、 that translation activities are mainly an alternation between adaption and selection. According to Hu, the purpose of adaption is to survive and take effect, the approach of adaption is optimization and selection, and the principle of selection is the survival of the fittest (Hu, 2011). The transla

5、tion method of adaptive selection theory in eco-translatology by its nature it is three-dimensional transformation. Three-dimension represents linguistic dimension, cultural dimension and communicative dimension respectively.3.1.1 Linguistic DimensionAdaptation and selection are mutual processes whi

6、ch is impossible to draw a distinct line between them. Especially in the actual translating process, it is impossible to analyze “ adaptation an”d “ selectionsep”ar ately because these two parts have many overlaps.Languages which have their own specific ways and habits of expression, are various. Th

7、e language logic between the two different languages is quite different. It is thus clear that the linguistic dimensional transformation is not asuperficial report between the two languages, but a deep communication based on mutual selection and adaptation between the two languages, which is like th

8、e form of two kinds of language communication, corresponding to each other from the view of word, syntax and so on.Dou Lu(2019) argues that language dimension adaptive choice transformation refers to the adaptive choice of a text translator to a specific language form in the process of translation a

9、nd after considering the overall ecological environment, the translator first faces the adaptive transformation and selection of language dimension in translation activities.The transformation of language dimension, that is, the translator's adaptive choice of language form in the process of tra

10、nslation.(Hu, 2013) When it comes to the“ adaptive transformation from linguistic dimensionit is the fact that translators choose what kinds of linguistic forms in target language during translation, words, manner, writing style, rhetoric and so forth, to adapt to the target language environment whi

11、le keeping the characteristics of the source text. Therefore, the adaptive transformation of linguistic dimension is carried out in different aspects and levels, which requires the translator be proficient in linguistic.3.1.2 Cultural DimensionAlthough some concepts of Darwin 'ths eory of evolut

12、ion are the main supporting part of eco-translatology, many ancient oriental philosophical thoughts can be found in it as well. To some extent, these thoughts have made a great contribution to the birth and development of the eco -translatology. In this theory,“-opreieonptled ”, “a middle course ”,

13、“ harmony between mannature ”an d some ancient Chinese culture is included. In the process of translation, how to make the proper adaption and selection, which is aimed to create the optimal translation environment, and whether the cultural connotation between the source language and the target lang

14、uage can be transferred correctly are the important criterion to evaluate the quality of translation.The transformation of cultural dimension means that the translator pays attention to the transmission and interpretation of cultural connotation of the two language in the process of translation.(Hu

15、2013) When it comes to the “ adaptive transformation from cultural dimension” , it refers to the expreand interpretation of bilingual cultural connotations paid attention to by translators in the process of translation. This adaptation of cultural dimension lies in paying attention to the difference

16、s in nature and content between the source culture and the target culture, avoiding misinterpretation of the source text from the perspective of the target culture. Meanwhile, translators should ensure that the transformation can adapt to the whole target culture. Considering the diversity between t

17、wo cultures, translators have to be proficient in both source culture and target culture.Cultural dimension adaptive choice refers to the translator's adaptive choice to different cultural forms in the actual translation process whose translation needs paying more attention to the interpretation

18、 and transmission of the languages cultural connotation, which is also the core concept of adaptive choice and transformation of cultural dimension.(Dou Lu 2019). The culture shock comes from the different understanding and habits from different cultural background. In order to avoid leading to the

19、misunderstanding of one culture, the translation should respect the source language as more as possible. Therefore, the cultural dimension is the most difficult transformation dimension, which needs a strong cultural sense as well as a great comprehension of both the source language and the target o

20、ne.3.1.3 Communicative DimensionIn fact, the transformation of communication dimension is to make the target language readers fully understand the content expressed in the source language, and at the same time, keep the integrity of the content of the source language as complete as possible, just li

21、ke we need to use different communication methods when we communicate with different groups, such as the elders, the children and the different career practitioner."The transformation of communicative dimension means that the translator pays attention to the adaptive choice of the intention of

22、the two language in the process of translation."(Hu, 2013) To achieve communicative purposes, the cultural background and preferences of the reader group should be considered by translators, which means during this process, translators have to try their best to ensure target readers can get a s

23、imilar feeling and the same reading experience while some contents of the source text can be added or deleted to cater to the reader group. To some extent, it is similar to the translation strategy of Peter Newmark, which is called communicative translation.The actual translating process is not limi

24、ted to three-dimensional transformation, but they are all included. Usually, there will be no single dimension transformation. The transformation between different dimensions is accomplished jointly.In the aspect of cultural dimensional transformation, we are focused on the free translation and lite

25、ral translation. In another word, it is a method for the translator to choose translation strategies from free translation and literal translation. Because of the speciality of Chinese ancient poem, translators are supposed to work out the meaning and connotation, the words with a specific historica

26、l background of the poem. It was decided by how much do the translators understand Chinese culture and if the translators can apply the understanding into translating. Through the analysis, the understanding of poetry determines the accuracy of the translation. In addition, there are a lot of polyse

27、mous words in ancient Chinese. Which meaning the translator chooses determines the meaning of the target text. Bynner chose the direct meaning and he use the common word to express. Xu considered these factors within the whole cultural environment and paid attention to the background of the target c

28、ulture as much as possible.3.1 The Core Concepts of the Eco-translatology TheoryAlthough some concepts of Darwin' s theory of evolution are themain supporting part of eco-translatology, many ancient oriental philosophical thoughts can be found in it as well. To some extent, these thoughts have m

29、ade a great contribution to the birth and development of the eco-translatology. In this theory, “ peopl-eoriented ”“,a m iddle course ”“, harmonyb etween man and nature ” and some ancient Chinese concepts are included.As we mentioned above, eco-translatology combined translatology with ecology. How

30、can it connect these two disciplines? Thanks to Darwin ' s “ natural selectio-ntransla”tol,o egcyo can have a bridge to connect them. As we all know, in Darwin 'ths eory of evolution, natural selection is the main mechanism of evolution. What is suitable for the living environment will be le

31、ft behind, while the weak will be eliminated by the ecological environment. All organisms left in the brutal world should adapt to the survival environment. This concept was transplanted to eco-translatology. The theory considers that only an excellent translator can survive in the translational wor

32、ld. That means translators should keep improving their translation skills to earn a place in the translational world. If they can' t be harmonious with the translational environment, they will finally die out in the translational world. It is also called the post-event penalty in this theory.Eco

33、-translatology focuses on the theme of “ ecologyl,i fe, survivalTalking about “ ecology ”, it mainly discusses translatio-snyasl tecmoand eco-environment. When it comes tolife ” , it mainly discusses thelife of a text which includes vital signs and life situation of the text. As for “ survival ” , i

34、t is about the viability of a translat-otr.a Enscloatology mainly discusses the survival of translators. Meanwhile, it is not hard to see that the theory highlights the status of translators. “ The translator is the focal element in the process of translation, and plays a central role in the basic p

35、rinciples and procedures of translation.(Nida, 1964:145) Because of its nature, eco-translatology attempts to describe and analyze some translation phenomenon by using ecological concepts.According to Hu, eco-translatology has nine main research angles and perspectives, that is, “ ecologicapl aradig

36、m, ecological rationally, the relevance chain, doing things with translation,translational eco-environment, translator centrality, adaption and selection, three -dimensional transformation, post-event penalty ”(Hu, 2011).All in all, eco-translatology highlights the concept of “ adaption and selectio

37、n ” , and considers that translators should try their best to live harmoniously with the translational environment.3.2 Core Concepts of Eco-translatologyIn this part, we will illustrate the definitions about the core concepts in eco-translatology, especially translation as adaption and selection and

38、 the three-dimensional transformation.3.1.1 Translation as Adaption and SelectionEco-translatology is a new theory to interpret the translation process from the perspective of ecology. Thus it studies translation under a big ecological background of many theoretical ideas in eco-translatology, adapt

39、ation and selection occupy the central position. The theory holds that translation activities are mainly an alternation between adaption and selection. According to Hu, the purpose of adaption is to survive and take effect, the approach of adaption is optimization and selection, the principle of sel

40、ection is the survival of the fittest (Hu, 2011).Eco-translatology defines translation as “ thet ranslator c'hosic ebehavior adapting to the translational eco -environment ” , that is, the translator adapts selectively to the translation eco-environment which restricts his translation activities

41、, and then makes a subjective choice during translation. This concept holds that translators need to adapt as well as select, which is in line with what we have mentioned above “ ec-otranslatology pays attention to the survival of translators and highlights the status of translators”.Adaptation and

42、selection are mutual processes. However, it is not possible to draw a distinct line between adaption and selection. Especially in the actual translating process, it is impossible to analyze “ adaptation ” and “ selection ” separately because these two parts have many overlaps. Not only translation e

43、co -environment can select translators, but also translators can on behalf of the translation eco-environment to implement the selection. Hu Gengshen considered that selection can be found in adaption, i.e. adaptive selection; adaption can also be found in selection, i.e. selective adaption. The for

44、mer means the translator' s adapto the translational environment while the latter means the translator as the eco-environment conducts selection to the translated text(Hu, 2011).3.2.2Three-dimensional TransformationThe translation method of adaptive selection theory in eco-translatology by its n

45、ature it is three -dimensional transformation. Three-dimension represents linguistic dimension, cultural dimension and communicative dimension respectively.When it comes to the“ adaptive transformation from linguisticdimension ”it , is the fact that translators choose what kinds of linguistic forms in target language during translation. Words, manner, writing style, rhetoric and so forth are all included. Therefore, the adaptivetransformation of linguistic dimension is carried out in different aspects and levels.When it comes to the “ adaptivet ransformati