高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句詳解(經(jīng)典課件)

1、The Attributive ClauseWhich one is Harry Porter ?The boy is Harry Porter Which one is Harry Porter ?The boy _ is Harry Porter .who is wearing glasses定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句一、概念一、概念:在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子. (在句子中作在句子中作定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)) (Attributive clause)Harry Porter is a smart boy.Harry Porter is a boy who has magic p

2、ower.形容詞作定語(yǔ)形容詞作定語(yǔ)句子作定語(yǔ)句子作定語(yǔ),修飾修飾boy, 叫做叫做定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.先行詞先行詞 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞副詞which, who, whom, whose, thatwhere, when，why二、用法二、用法: :These are the trees which / that were planted last year.先先行行詞詞是是人人關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞: who whom whose that which先行詞是先行詞是物物These

3、are the students who / that won the first place last year.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞1. who, whom, whose, that 用法區(qū)別用法區(qū)別. who 作定語(yǔ)從句的作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)或或賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ). The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.分解分解作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ) whom 作定語(yǔ)從句的作定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) The woman whom th

4、ey wanted to visit is a teacher.The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.分解分解作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ) that 可以作定語(yǔ)從句的可以作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)和和賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ). The woman (whom / that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.可省略可省略 The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is a worker. whose 作定語(yǔ)從句的作定語(yǔ)從句的定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) (whose既可以指人，也可以指物既可以指人，

5、也可以指物). I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解分解I know the girl.The girls mother is a teacher.作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)I have a book whose cover is yellow.2. which, that 的的用法用法which 作定語(yǔ)從句的作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)或或賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ).I like the book (which / that) you bought yesterday.This is a truck which / that is made in China.作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)作

6、賓語(yǔ)可省略可省略3. 只能用只能用that的情況的情況 序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞或或形容詞最高級(jí)形容詞最高級(jí)修飾先行詞時(shí)修飾先行詞時(shí) Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known. This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.everything, something, nothing, all, anything, little, much等等不定代詞不定代詞作先行作先行詞時(shí)詞時(shí) Everything that we saw in this film was true. 先行詞被先行

7、詞被every, some, no, all, any, little, much等修飾時(shí)。等修飾時(shí)。Ive read all the books that you lend me. 先行詞被先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時(shí)。修飾時(shí)。This is the very book that belongs to him. 主句已有主句已有who或或which時(shí)時(shí)Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?Which is the machine that we used last Sund

8、ay. 當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)指當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)指人人和和物物時(shí)時(shí)Ive never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.4.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí) (介詞提前介詞提前) .指指人只用人只用whom, 指物只用指物只用whichThis is the boy with whom he talked. This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)指人指人whothatwhom（優(yōu)先）（優(yōu)先）whothatwhose（of whom）

9、指物指物WhichthatWhichthatWhose(of which)指人和物指人和物thatthatwhose（一）引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞（一）引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞18when, where, why關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞先行詞先行詞在從句中的成分在從句中的成分when時(shí)間時(shí)間時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)where 地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)why reason原因原因狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)（二）引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞（二）引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞 1. This is the place where I was born. 2. I remember the day when I first met him. 3. C

10、an you tell me the reason why you lied to me?關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞When=on(in,during)whichwhere=on(in,in front of)whichWhy=for which（三）關(guān)系副詞（三）關(guān)系副詞與與介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞的替代的替代21when when可用可用in/on/at/during +which 代替代替1.I still remember the day.2.I first met him on the day.I still remember the day on which I first met him

11、.whenwhich22where where可用in/on/at/to + which代替1.The dictionary is the only place.2. Success comes before work in the dictionary.The dictionary is the only place in which success comes before work.where which.23ABC1.America is the country.2.I was born in the country.America is the country in which I

12、was born.which. whereBBCBeijing is the city in which I was born. where=American born Chinese=Beijing born Chinese24why why可用可用for +which 代替代替1.This is the reason.2.I was late for school for this reason.This is the reason for which I was late for school. whywhich.25關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞和關(guān)系和關(guān)系副詞副詞的區(qū)別的區(qū)別關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞在定語(yǔ)

13、從句中在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)如何選用定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞如何選用定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞 1.首先分清主句和定語(yǔ)從句首先分清主句和定語(yǔ)從句 2.確定定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞確定定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞 3.把先行詞帶回到定語(yǔ)從句中去，看其把先行詞帶回到定語(yǔ)從句中去，看其在定語(yǔ)從句中做什么語(yǔ)法成分（主語(yǔ)，在定語(yǔ)從句中做什么語(yǔ)法成分（主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)）賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)） 4.若先行詞在從句中做若先行詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)語(yǔ)則選擇則選擇關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞，若在從句中做，若在從句中做狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)，則選擇則選擇關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞。限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非

14、限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 1. 限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起限制、確定的作用，是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如果省去，主句的意思就會(huì)不完整，不明確或不合邏輯。這種定語(yǔ)從句和主句之間不能用逗號(hào)隔開。The man who came here yesterday has come again. 關(guān)系副詞when和why用于引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中可以省去，但是where通常不可以省去。如：a. Be sure to call on us next time (when) you come to town.b. This is one of the reasons (w

15、hy) you may like to eat it. 2. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞關(guān)系松散，和先行詞關(guān)系松散，只是對(duì)先行詞作附加說明，如果省去，主只是對(duì)先行詞作附加說明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。這種定語(yǔ)從句句的意思仍然完整或清楚。這種定語(yǔ)從句和主句之間須用逗號(hào)隔開。如：和主句之間須用逗號(hào)隔開。如： a. Abraham Lincoln, who led the United States through these years, was murdered on April 14, 1865. b. He sent a special governor, a ma

16、n named Gessler, who would rule with a firm hand. c. He lives in another town, which is only about an hours ride from here. d. Soon they arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. e. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. 注意：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞 不可用that，指人時(shí)用who(主語(yǔ)),whom (賓語(yǔ))，指物時(shí)須用which.Find the difference His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. His brother who is eighteen years old is a PLA man. 區(qū)別區(qū)別：A句：他的哥哥是個(gè)解放軍戰(zhàn)士，句：他的哥哥是個(gè)解放軍戰(zhàn)士，現(xiàn)今十八歲?，F(xiàn)今十八歲。(說明他只有一個(gè)哥哥說明他只有一個(gè)哥哥) B句：他那個(gè)十八歲的哥哥是位解句：他那個(gè)十八歲的哥哥