高二第十二堂課資料非謂語Word版

1、模塊十：非謂語動詞一、動詞不定式 動詞不定式的用法：動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句子中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語和狀語。1） 作主語    To learn English well is not easy. 或  It is not easy to learn English well.     It is + adj.+ 動詞不定式    如果要說明不定式表示的動作執(zhí)行者，可以用for+sb.   It is + adj.+ for sb. To

2、 do sth.2）作表語 My wish is to become a teacher.3）作賓語Most of us like to watch football matches.4）作賓語補(bǔ)足語He told me to be here on time.5）作定語I have nothing to say about that thing.6）作狀語He stopped to have a look. 3、不定式的否定形式： Tell him _ the window. A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut 4、

3、動詞不定式與疑問詞連用：疑問詞who, what, which和疑問副詞when, where, how, why等后面可以按動詞不定式，構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語，可以在句子中作主語、賓語、表語等成分。例如：(1) He doesnt know how to use the machine.   (不定式作賓語)            (2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主語)    

4、         (3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表語) 5、省to 的動詞不定式1）使役動詞 let, have, make：2）感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find注意：在被動語態(tài)中則to 不能省掉。A. I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.B. The boss made them work the whole ni

5、ght.=They were made to work the whole night.3）would rather，had better + do 【難點(diǎn)】6、不定式的特殊句型： 1）tooto：太而不能He is too excited to speak. 2）enough to do：足以做 The child is old enough to go to schooll. 3）Why not +動詞原形" Why not take a holiday?4）so as (not) to do: 表示目的Go in quietly so as not to wake the ba

6、by. 7、不定式的難點(diǎn)： 1）用作介詞的“to”：look forward to 渴望; pay attention to 注意; devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于；be/get used to 習(xí)慣等等。 2）It's for sb.和 It's of sb.A. for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等： It's very hard for him to study two languages. 對他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。 B. o

7、f sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 It's very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我，你真是太好了。 【說明】for 與of 的辨別方法： 用介詞后面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。如： You are nice.(通順，所以應(yīng)用of)。He is hard.(人是困難的，不通。 或者: To study two languages is hard for him。 因此應(yīng)用for。

8、)2 / 7二、動名詞：動名詞是動詞的一種非謂語形式，由動詞原形加-ing構(gòu)成，它在句中起名詞的作用，可以在句子中用作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)語、狀語和定語。1）動名詞作主語Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的運(yùn)動2）動名詞作表語My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜歡的運(yùn)動是游泳。3） 動名詞作賓語Jim dislikes eating chocolate. 吉姆不喜歡吃巧克力。說明 有些動詞和動詞短語后只能接動名詞作賓語。例如：admit, finish, forgive, give up, mind, practise,

9、 be good at, do well in, can't help, keep on, feel like, be used to, look forward to, prefer to,等。His wife doesn't allow smoking inside the room4）動名詞作定語：動名詞作定語時(shí)和形容詞的功能是相似的。動名詞可以單獨(dú)作定語，例如： a smiling face 笑臉 swimming pool 游泳池 dining-car 餐車5）作同位語His hobby, making model airplanes, is very interes

10、ting.注意：動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或名詞所有格 + 動名詞構(gòu)成。如果不是在句子開頭，這種結(jié)構(gòu)?？梢杂擅~的普通格或人稱代詞賓格 +動名詞構(gòu)成， 在句中可作主語、賓語等。例如：Do you mind my closing the door? Do you mind me closing the door?My closing the door made him angry.三、分詞有兩種，一種是現(xiàn)在分詞，一種是過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞一般有主動、進(jìn)行的意思，過去分詞一般有被動、完成的意思。分詞（短語）在劇中可以起四大成分作用：表語，定語，狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。一、 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分

11、詞的區(qū)別： 主被動 時(shí)間性 現(xiàn)在分詞（vt./vi.） 主動 正在進(jìn)行 過去分詞 vt. 被動 已完成 vi. 主動 已完成 e.g. vt. Developing country / developed country vt. Changing situation / changed situation vt. Boiling water / boiled water vi. rising sun / risen sun vi. falling leaves / fallen leaves vi. freezing water 極冷的水 / frozen water 冰凍的水 cf. ret

12、ired workers returned students 歸國留學(xué)生 escaped prisoners現(xiàn)在分詞。作定語。China is a developing socialist country.發(fā)展中的社會主義國家作表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語。能帶分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動詞常見的有see, hear, keep, find, notice, watch, think, want, smell, observe等。-ing分詞通常用作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示動作正在發(fā)生或者正在進(jìn)行。這種用法通常用在下列動詞中：see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, loo

13、k at, notice, observe例如：1）There we found him watching TV. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他在那兒看電視。 2）I heard someone knocking at the door. 我聽見有人在敲門。3）The story is boring.4）I found him reading a novel. 在讀小說(現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語)作狀語。分詞作狀語可以表示時(shí)間,原因, 條件,結(jié)果,伴隨情況。Having read all the required papers, he answered the questions fluently.（時(shí)間）過去分詞

14、1 做定語時(shí)I found that broken vase.We have read many stories written by this author.2. 作賓補(bǔ)時(shí) I found the city greatly changed.3. 作狀語United, we stand; divided, we fall. 3比較：1）區(qū)別動詞不定式的基本含義是表示謂語動詞后面的動作還未發(fā)生，此外，若謂語動詞后面的動作發(fā)生過了也用不定式，而-ing分詞的基本含義一般則表示動作正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行。動名詞與不定式語義不同 ：A. stop to do stop doing B. forget to d

15、o forget doing C. remember to do remember doing D. try to do try doing E. go on to do go on doing 不定式1、考查非謂語動詞用作主語【考例】It's very nice pictures for me. 天津A. of you to draw B. for you to draw C. for you drawing D. of you drawing2、考查非謂語動詞用作賓語1一It's a bit cold Would you mind my _all the windows?一

16、Do as you like，please Aclose B will close Cclosing Dto close 2.Mary and I enjoy _ badminton Ato play B playing Cplayed3.-So hot in the classroomWould you mind _the windows? 0KI'll do it right now A not closing B not opening C closing Dopening4.-Mr. Wang，I have trouble _the text一Remember _it thre

17、e times at least Ato understand；readingB understanding；readingC understanding；to read Dto understand；to read at night 5.-How are you feeling here?-It's quite hot. I don't know to go or stay. A. how B. when C. whether D. where6.Many people think it's very important us learn English well.

18、A. for, to B. to, to C. with, for7.The menu has so many good things! I cant decide_. A. what to eatB. how to eatC. where to eatD. when to eat8-My dad bought me a new MP4, but I dont know _.-Lets read the instructions. A. what to useB. which one to use C. how to use itD. when to use it9It took my dau

19、ghter two weeks _the novels _by Yand Hongying.濰坊A. read; writtenB. to read; writtenC. reading; to writeD. to read; wrote10.Drivers are warned _when they are tired 3、考查非謂語動詞用作賓語補(bǔ)足語1.Alice asked me another bag for her. A. get B. got C. to get D. getting2.Our parents often tell us not alone in the rive

20、r in summer. A. swim B. to swim C. swimming3.-What did your sister say to you last night?-She asked me _my father her secret. A. to tell not B. not to tellC. dont tellD. not tell4.Betty is often seen _the old man with his housework.咸寧A. helpB. to helpC. helpedD. helps5.Time goes by so fast. We must

21、never miss the chance to show love for our parents and make them _ how much they mean to us. 哈爾濱A. to know B. knowing C. know4、考查非謂語動詞用作定語【考例】Shopping with me?1.Sorry. I have a lot of clothes . （2004江西省南昌） Ato washBwashedCwashDto be washed5、考查非謂語動詞用作狀語 【考例】-Linda, I am very thirsty. 1.-Let's go

22、to the nearest supermarket some drinks, OK? A. buy B. bought C. to buy D. buying2.In order _the word a friendly place, one must show a friendly face.樂山A. makes B. makingC. to makeD. make練習(xí) 分詞1.She caught the student (cheat) in exams.2.When I got there, I found him (repair) farm tools.3.When I got th

23、ere, I found the farm tools . (repair)4.Just then he heard someone (call) for help.5.He worked so hard that he got his pay . (raise)6.The missing boys were last seen (play) near the river.7. (compare) with the old one, the new building looks more beautiful.8.The workers had the machines (run) all ni

24、ght long to finish the work on time.9.People in the south have their houses (make of ) bamboo.10. (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.1. the house on fire, he dialed 119. A.To see B.Seeing C.Having seen D.Being seen2.I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth . A.fix B.fixing C.fixed D.to fix3.We're to listen to her voice. It's to hear her sing. A.pleased; pleasing; pleasure B.pleased; pleasant; a pleasureC.pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D.pleasing; pleas