主題句 和 擴(kuò)展句

1、主題句 和 擴(kuò)展句段落的寫作主題句主題句擴(kuò)展句擴(kuò)展句擴(kuò)展句擴(kuò)展句擴(kuò)展句擴(kuò)展句主題句的位置主題句的位置可以是在段落的開始，也可以處于段落的中間或者末尾。也有的段落沒有主題句。1）主題句在段首Jane and Karen have many things in common.Jane and Karen have many things in common. To To begin with, both girls have the same backgroundbegin with, both girls have the same background. . Jane was born and

2、 raised in the West, and so was Karen. Next, both girls are interested in the same kinds of Next, both girls are interested in the same kinds of subjects in school.subjects in school. Jane likes French, history, and English. In the same way, Karen likes Spanish, history and English. Furthermore, bot

3、h girls want to be Furthermore, both girls want to be teachers.teachers. Jane plans to become an elementary school teacher. But Karen wants to be a high school teacher. As you can see, the two girls are almost like twins.2）主題句在段落中間Californians and New Englanders are both American. They speak the sam

4、e language and abide by the same federal laws. But they are very different in their But they are very different in their ways of life.ways of life. Mobility(流動(dòng)性) - both physical and psychological- has made a great impression on the culture of Californians; lack of mobility is the mark of the customs

5、 and morality of New Englanders.3）主題句在段落結(jié)尾Americans might be embarrassed because their Japanese friends are so formal with them. Japanese might feel insulted because American acquaintances(熟人、朋友) greet them casually. Still, the forms of greeting in both countries only show respect for others. It jus

6、t happens that Americans and It just happens that Americans and Japanese have a different way of looking Japanese have a different way of looking at human relationships and thus have a at human relationships and thus have a different way showing respect.different way showing respect.P 8 找出主題句寫主題句（主題

7、句（Topic SentenceTopic Sentence）寫作的兩個(gè)基本要求：）寫作的兩個(gè)基本要求：第一:要包含主導(dǎo)思想(the controlling idea)；第二：要做到概括和具體的統(tǒng)一。主題句在段落中用于概況段落的主旨大意，準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)作者觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度?！癢e had a pleasant summer vacation but summer vacation always seems short.”。注：一個(gè)段落要求作者只表達(dá)一個(gè)意思，不同的意思要放在另外的段落中表達(dá)。要注意把自己的思想用最切近的語言表達(dá)出來。既不能過于概括，也不能過于具體。Students on this cam

8、pus _recently voiced several complaints.1. They voiced dissatisfaction with the campus lighting.2. They expressed their disgust with the food sold by the dining- hall.3. They protested the grading policies of the instructors.Write a topic sentence for the following supporting ideas.1. It has created

9、 Ms., a title for women comparable to Mr. for men.2. The Movement has changed the ending of several compound words from man to person.3. The Movement is responsible for some new terms.4. The Movement has had an effect on the third-person singular pronoun.The Womens Movement _.has had several effects

10、 on the English languageDo exercises on Page Do exercises on Page 8: 8: Part two Practice 1-2Part two Practice 1-2P 8 寫出主題句 There are advantages to live in city/ City life has advantages. In all these cases, the gifts are sending out messagesoften very expressive ones./Gifts helps send out messages

11、to show how much you value that person.訓(xùn)練以下面作文為例，聯(lián)系寫 主題句Reading is my favorite hobby. There are a variety of books for us to choose from. But what interests me most is literary books, especially those by famous writers. 擴(kuò)展句擴(kuò)展句/ /輔助句（輔助句（supporting sentencessupporting sentences）寫擴(kuò)展句要注意以下兩點(diǎn)：第一，意義的相關(guān)性（

12、unity）/段落的整體性第二，邏輯的一致性(coherence)/段落的連貫性所有的擴(kuò)展句都必須是主題句的延伸或者證明對主題句能起到支持的作用無論如何都不能超出由主題句限定的范圍根據(jù)各個(gè)句子之間的關(guān)系以及與主題句之間的關(guān)系來安排其邏輯順序。要有充足的論證細(xì)節(jié)來說明主題思想用一定的過渡詞來體現(xiàn)這種安排。根據(jù)下面的主題句，思考需要哪些內(nèi)容來支根據(jù)下面的主題句，思考需要哪些內(nèi)容來支持它：持它：Spring is the most pleasant season of the year.Rivers play a very important part in our life.Several fac

13、tors have contributed to the difficulty in traveling in China, but in general, there are three major causes.Compared with cars, bicycles have many advantages.Men and women are equal at home now.Getting up early can help you keep healthy.假如你看到有人摔倒，你會(huì)怎么做？假如你看到有人摔倒，你會(huì)怎么做？首先，寫好主題句：假如我看到有人摔倒，首先，寫好主題句：假如我

14、看到有人摔倒，我會(huì)停下來伸出援手。我會(huì)停下來伸出援手。列出幾個(gè)建議：列出幾個(gè)建議：1.如果所有人都視而不見，人們就得不到如果所有人都視而不見，人們就得不到必必要的要的幫助，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致意想不到的嚴(yán)重后果。幫助，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致意想不到的嚴(yán)重后果。2.幫助那些身處困境的人是我們的責(zé)任。幫助那些身處困境的人是我們的責(zé)任。主題句：假如我看到有人摔倒，主題句：假如我看到有人摔倒，我會(huì)停下來伸出援手。我會(huì)停下來伸出援手。If I see a person ahead fall down, I will stop to give a hand.1.如果所有人都視而不見，人們就得不到如果所有人都視而不見，人們就得不到必

15、必要的要的幫助，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致意想不到的嚴(yán)重后果。幫助，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致意想不到的嚴(yán)重后果。if not, might die or seriously injured/2.幫助那些身處困境的人是我們的責(zé)任。幫助那些身處困境的人是我們的責(zé)任。helping others is our responsibility/3.當(dāng)我們身處困境時(shí)，我們也需要他人的當(dāng)我們身處困境時(shí)，我們也需要他人的幫助幫助。 幫助幫助他人就是幫助我們自己。他人就是幫助我們自己。We also need when in danger/helping others is helping yourselves.1.如果所有人都視而不見，人們就

16、得不到必要如果所有人都視而不見，人們就得不到必要的幫助，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致意想不到的嚴(yán)重后果。的幫助，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致意想不到的嚴(yán)重后果。If all the people turn blind eyes to it and walk away, the person might not get necessary help or first aid, which might bring/lead to unexpectedly serious results.2.幫助那些身處困境的人是我們的責(zé)任。幫助那些身處困境的人是我們的責(zé)任。It is our responsibility to offer help t

17、o those who are in need/trouble.3.當(dāng)我們身處困境時(shí)，我們也需要他人的幫助。當(dāng)我們身處困境時(shí)，我們也需要他人的幫助。幫助他人就是幫助我們自己。幫助他人就是幫助我們自己。We also need others help when we are in danger. Helping others is helping ourselves. If I see a person ahead fall down, I will stop to give a hand. First of all, if all the people turn blind eyes to i

18、t and walk away, the person might not get necessary help or first aid, which might bring unexpectedly serious results. Whats more, it is our responsibility to offer help to those who are in need. Most importantly, we also need others help when we are in danger. In fact, helping others is helping our

19、selves.Do exercises on Page 10: Do exercises on Page 10: Practice 1-2.Practice 1-2. Smoking Smoking is not a good habit, either for the individual smoker or for society as a whole. First of all, smoking is not healthy, leading to more deaths than any other preventable cause. Smoking also causes canc

20、er, damages organs, and weakens the immune system. Smoking can also harm those nearby, in terms of second-hand smoke. Chatting online First, by chatting online we can get friends all over the world. Besides, it can help us improve our English level when we chat with a foreigner. Most important of al

21、l, we can communicate with someone that we couldnt contact in daily life. I Like Reading Reading is my favorite hobby. I can never stop the love for reading because books are like wise teachers as well as good friends in my life. As we know, books are the source of knowledge. I benefit a great deal from reading. Ther