主謂一致 就近原則

1、定義：定義： 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的數(shù)數(shù)必須和必須和的的人稱和數(shù)保持一致人稱和數(shù)保持一致,這就叫主這就叫主謂一致謂一致.分類1.語(yǔ)法一致語(yǔ)法一致：語(yǔ)法形式語(yǔ)法形式是單數(shù)的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)是單數(shù)的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，語(yǔ)法形式是復(fù)數(shù)的主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，語(yǔ)法形式是復(fù)數(shù)的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2.意義一致意義一致：主、謂語(yǔ)的一致不是根據(jù)其外主、謂語(yǔ)的一致不是根據(jù)其外部語(yǔ)法形態(tài)來決定，而是取決于主語(yǔ)所表部語(yǔ)法形態(tài)來決定，而是取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的達(dá)的內(nèi)在含義內(nèi)在含義。3.就近原則就近原則：離謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞最近的名詞決定語(yǔ)法一致原則語(yǔ)法一致原則1.不可數(shù)名詞，動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)詞不定式，單個(gè)不可數(shù)

2、名詞，動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)詞不定式，單個(gè)從句做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。從句做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。This information is very important.Seeing is believing .To see is to believe .That he is important is true.由and 鏈接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ). 由由and 鏈接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)鏈接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)表達(dá)表達(dá)兩個(gè)不同兩個(gè)不同概念概念時(shí)時(shí), V復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)表達(dá)表達(dá)一個(gè)一個(gè)概念時(shí)，概念時(shí)，V單數(shù)單數(shù)The worker and writer _ from Wuhan. 那個(gè)工人兼作家那個(gè)工人兼作家(be)The worker and the

3、writer _ from Beijing. (be)那位工人和那位作家那位工人和那位作家 Bread and butter _ a kind of daily food in the West.(be)Early to bed, early to rise_ a man healthy, wealthy and wise. (make)2) every and every each and each no and no, many a and many a連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 Every desk and every chair is mad

4、e of wood. Many a boy and many a girl has made the same mistake. and 鏈接兩個(gè)完整的句子，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；連接兩個(gè)省略的句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。What he said and what he did have nothing to do with me.What I do and say is my own business.3. N1+prep+N2 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由N1決定決定 with, along with , together with, rather than,As well as , like /unlike（

5、不像）（不像）, including, besides , except ,but(除了除了之外之外), in addition to(除了除了)1.The teacher with his students _ (be) playing basketball now.2.The teacher _(be) playing basketball with his students now.3.Tom rather than you _(be) hired as manager of the company.4.A library including 5000books _offered to

6、the nation.4.不定代詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)something, somebody, someone anything , anybody , anyoneeverything ,everybody ,everyone, thingsnothing , nobody, no one , neither ,either Attention:none 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可單可復(fù),有時(shí)需要參照表語(yǔ)None of them _workers. _a worker.(2) All作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，指人 V復(fù) 全體人員，所有的人 指物 V單 全部所有事物All of my brothers like

7、playing basketball.All I want is a room of my own.This is all I want .Translation： All are silent. All is silent 5.Many a , more than one+可數(shù)名詞，可數(shù)名詞，V單單e.g. More than one student was late for shool.Many a boy likes playing basketball.6. this/a kind of , a type of, a sort of , a pair of, a piece of +

8、n. V單單 two kinds of , two types of V復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù) 即以這些即以這些名詞本身名詞本身的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。 This kind of books sells well. This pair of trousers fits me well. Attention: Books (of this kind) sell well. 7. one of / the only one of 在定語(yǔ)從句中在定語(yǔ)從句中,需要先找出需要先找出先行詞。先行詞。He is one of the students who _late for school. (be)他是遲到的學(xué)生

9、當(dāng)中的一個(gè)。（遲到的學(xué)生不止一個(gè)）He is the only one （of the students) who _late for school. (be)他是學(xué)生當(dāng)中唯一一個(gè)遲到的。（只有一個(gè)人遲到）8. One or two +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) V 復(fù)復(fù) One +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+or +two V單單e.g. Only one or two students go to university in that village.Only one student or two goes to university in that village.意義一致表示數(shù)量，金錢，距

10、離, 時(shí)間等復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，看做一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Ten thousand years _ too long a time.在四則運(yùn)算當(dāng)中，一般情況下：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)Two and three are/is five.Two plus two is four.Ten minus five is five.Two times two is four. 2x2=4Ten divided by five is two.2.The +adj.屬于一類人，屬于一類人，V復(fù)復(fù) The poor live a miserable life. The young are lively.3.有些學(xué)科

11、名詞雖然以有些學(xué)科名詞雖然以 s結(jié)尾，但是單數(shù)名結(jié)尾，但是單數(shù)名詞，詞，V單單Maths , physics, politicsMaths is my favorite subject.4.用作書名，報(bào)名，國(guó)家名，地區(qū)名的復(fù)數(shù)名詞看做一個(gè)整體，V單單The United States is a developed country.5. all , both , part , half , rest ， 百分?jǐn)?shù)等+of +n. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由n.的單復(fù)數(shù)決定Both of the books are bought for you.The rest of the money is coming nex

12、t week.6.集合名詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分兩種集合名詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分兩種情況情況若強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，若強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，V單；若強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體成員，單；若強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體成員， V復(fù)復(fù)注：注：family，group， class, team, government, army , club , publicOur class _ very big. (be)Our class _listening to their teacher attentively. (be)7. Police , people , cattle , trousers , clothes 做主語(yǔ)，做主語(yǔ)， V 復(fù)復(fù)The police are

13、 searching for the thief.8.A number of + n. V復(fù)復(fù) 大量大量的，很多的，很多The number of + n. V單單 的數(shù)的數(shù)目目9. 對(duì)于單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，要先根據(jù)上下文來判斷名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，然后確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。Deer sheep means series fish works(工廠) crossroads(十字路口)等等Every means _ been tried.All means _ been tried.plastics(塑料制品), manners, thanks（感謝）, goods（貨物）, statistics（統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字）, glasses（眼鏡）, trousers（褲子）, shorts（短褲）, compasses(圓規(guī))等，只用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Plastics _like metal. （not rust）Manners _important to happy relationship. (be)就近原則定義： 哪個(gè)名詞離謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞最近，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就和誰(shuí)保持一致Or , either or , neither nor , not only but also , not but (不是不是而而是是), Wheth