新視界綜合教程2unit4Activereading

1、Warming uWarming up pSkimmingSkimmingDiggingDiggingCritical thinkingCritical thinkingLanguage in useLanguage in useUnfamiliar wordsUnfamiliar wordsInterpretingInterpretingTalking pointTalking point THE ONE HAT THE ONE HAT GOT AWAYGOT AWAY Warming up Work in pairs and guess the meaning of the animal

2、idioms.I got the information from a source I do not want to tell you about, a secret source. (Birds have long been associated with carrying messages and this seems to be the origin of the idiom.就就是聽(tīng)說(shuō)的意思是聽(tīng)說(shuō)的意思,不愿意透露消息來(lái)源的俏皮的說(shuō)法不愿意透露消息來(lái)源的俏皮的說(shuō)法 )The situation seemed suspicious and I did not trust her. (F

3、ish that has begun to smell is not fresh and cannot be trusted to be safe to eat.感到不太對(duì)勁感到不太對(duì)勁 ) Warming up Sam eats a lot. (As horses eat food low in nutritional value, they have to eat a great deal of it.)They can go on talking for hours. (Cows walk home very slowly from the fields to the barn ever

4、y evening.)Warming upYou left very quietly. (Again, it is derived from the fact that mice are hunted by cats, owls and other creatures, so they move very quietly in open spaces.)It is hard to change old habits; the old do not learn new things as quickly as the young. (This is a very old saying based

5、 on fact a sheep dog, for example, needs to be trained when young.)Warming upThe cousin is the worst member of the family, the least respectable or well-behaved. (For genetic reasons, even in a flock of white sheep, preferred as the wool can be dyed various colours, black sheep are occasionally born

6、, but are not wanted, an oddity and problem.)She revealed the secret. (One possible origin is that dishonest people tried to sell cats in bags as pigs and any revealing of the truth would ruin the sale. Or it might come from a similar Dutch idiom about buying a cat in a bag, ie being cheated.) Warmi

7、ng upAre there any similar idioms in Chinese? Play the lute to a cow. (對(duì)牛彈琴) Stand by a stump waiting for more hares to come and dash themselves against it. (守株待兔) Frog in a well (that can see only a tiny patch of sky no bigger than the mouth of the well). (井底之蛙) An old horse knows its way. (老馬識(shí)途) S

8、hoot two hawks with one arrow. (similar to kill two birds with one stone) (一箭雙雕)Warming up Call a deer a horse. (similar to call white black, meaning turn right into wrong) (指鹿為馬) Bring a picture of a dragon to life by putting pupils into its eyes. (add the touch that brings a work of art to life) (

9、畫龍點(diǎn)睛) Fox borrows the tigers fierceness by walking in the latters company. (狐假虎威)Warming upThe description shows the differences in animal characteristics: birds fly around and can carry messages; bad fish smell; horses eat a lot; domesticated cows move very slowly; dogs need to be trained when youn

10、g; mice are quiet to avoid being prey; black sheep were not welcome to farmers in the past. 1. To what extent do these descriptions reflect the different characters of animals? Work in pairs and discuss the questions.Warming upPeople do this because they think the animals actually have those charact

11、eristics. Lions seem brave as they are not afraid of any other animal, peacocks appear to be proud as they show off their tail feathers in the mating season, and snakes seem cunning and evil because they move so silently, attack suddenly, may use poison and swallow their prey whole. Likewise ants an

12、d bees are always busy and seem hardworking. Besides, it is a vivid and colourful way to describe people as being like animals.2. Why do you think people use animals to reflect human characteristics? Warming up Animals may see human beings as dangerous, cruel, deceitful and very greedy. Animals may

13、comment on human intelligence, ability to cooperate and thought for the future. Many species would be surprised at the strength of family bonds among people.3. If animals could talk, how would they describe human beings?Warming upThere is no reason they should not have. The idea animals and humans a

14、re completely different categories is very out-of-date. The higher mammals are very like ourselves. Chimpanzees, dolphins, elephants etc, they show all the signs of reacting emotionally as well as instinctively. It may seem harder to imagine most fish or insects have feelings.4 Do you think animals

15、have feelings?Warming up Look at the picture and answer the questions.1 What are the people doing?2 What are the possible outcomes of their action? Warming upWatch a video clip and work in groups to share examples of animal intelligence you know.A dog guided a blind man 2,144 miles down the Appalach

16、ian Trail.A cat defended a sleeping infant from a deadly rattlesnake that was prepared to strike.A dolphin saved a person who was drowning at sea.A gorilla was taught to type using a special computer, so the gorilla could communicate a bit with people.Skimming Browse the passage within 8 minutes to

17、get a rough idea about it.Answer the questions of Activity 2 and 3 on page 74.TaskTask Check () the true statements. 1 In 2009 a Swiss fisherman caught a large fish. 2 The fisherman cooked the fish and invited his friends to eat it with him. 3 Switzerland has strict laws which protect animals. Skimm

18、ing 4 You cant keep a pig by itself in Switzerland. 5 You cant keep a bird in the house in Switzerland. 6 A lawyer paid by the state represented the fish in court. 7 Swiss farmers think animals should be better protected by law. 8 The fish won the case. The true statements are 1, 3, 4 and 6.Skimming

19、 Answer the questions.1 What mistake did the fisherman make? He boasted about the fish he caught to a local newspaper. 2 Why does the Swiss state provide legal aid for animals?To protect animals from bad treatment by human. Besides, while humans can defend themselves, animals cannot. Skimming3 What

20、law was introduced in 2008?One detailing the conditions under which any species of animals should be kept. 4 What did animal rights supporters fail to do in 2010?They failed to obtain state-funded legal representation for all animals in Switzerland, similar to that in Zurich. 5 When were the first a

21、nimal protection laws passed in Britain?In the 17th century. Skimming6 What was the 18th-century debate about animals?The debate about whether animals had feelings or not. 7 Which were the two main focuses of attention for animal rights groups in the 20th century?Hunting and scientific research usin

22、g animals. 8 What two reasons does the writer give to suggest that animal rights should be limited?We cannot expect animals to fulfil obligations of any kind, and much scientific research does need animal testing. The one that got away譯文譯文Digging1 Fishermen always like to tell tales about “the one t

23、hat got away”, the fish which escaped from their hooks after a lengthy struggle. 2 So, imagine a freezing day in February, and youre on the banks of Lake Zurich in Switzerland. Youre fishing, youve just cast your line into the waters, and youre waiting patiently for a fish to bite. Suddenly the rod

24、bends and you realize that youve caught something fairly substantial. For ten minutes you battle with the fish until finally, you pull in a pike one of those huge fish with lots of teeth weighing ten kilos. Now, based on the not-very-scientific assumption that the uglier the fish, the better it tast

25、es, what would you do next?Digging3 You guessed it! When this happened to a Swiss fisherman in 2009, he invited a group of friends to a local restaurant, where they had a delicious lunch. He then boasted to a local newspaper how long it had taken him to land the fish. But that was a big mistake.譯文譯文

26、Digging4 The Swiss have some of the strictest animal welfare legislation in the world, designed to protect animals from cruel treatment by humans. Fish, pigs, birds, and other social animals are not allowed to be kept alone. Horses and cows have to be allowed outside for a fixed number of hours even

27、 in winter. Dog owners are obliged to attend special training courses and to feed their pets special dog food. 譯文譯文Digging5 In fact, Zurich even has a state-funded attorney, Antoine Goetschel, who specializes in representing animals if they have been subjected to cruelty. And when the fisherman on L

28、ake Zurich was reported by an animal rights organization and brought to court, it was Goetschel who represented the fish. 譯文譯文DiggingThe lawyers view is that there is a core principle of fair justice which supports his work. Animals can be, and often are, badly treated by humans. But while humans ca

29、n defend themselves, often with the help of lawyers, animals cannot. Legal representation for the animal acknowledges respect for its dignity. 譯文譯文Digging6 In 2008, a law was passed in Switzerland, which details the conditions in which any speciesof animals should be kept. But unlike the state of Zu

30、rich, the other 25 federal states of Switzerland dont have animal rights lawyers. Switzerland hasa form of direct democracy, where citizens can contest new laws or vote for changes to it if there is enough collective support. A group of animal rights supporters requested a vote, which took place in

31、March 2010, to decide if all animals should have state-funded legal representation similar to that in Zurich. 譯文譯文Digging7 Farmers were against the idea. They took great care to respect the dignity of the cattle in their care. But they ran the risk of being accused of a crime simply by doing their j

32、ob. Even the federal government was against it for two reasons. Firstly, the separate states of Switzerland already have a special office for animal protection. Secondly, the lawyers would be funded by the taxpayer. In the end, the proposal was rejected by 70 per cent of the voters.譯文譯文Digging8 Anim

33、al rights and animal welfare are not modern issues. In 17th-century England and Ireland, laws were passed to protect farm animals. In the 18th century, there was much discussion about whether animals had feelings. In the 19th century both Britain and the US created animal protection groups. Finally,

34、 in the 20th century, the animal rights movement was known for its direct action against all forms of hunting, and against scientific research establishments where animals were used for experiments.譯文譯文Digging9 Yet the counter argument is that rights also imply obligations. Although we may allow ani

35、mals certain rights, we cannot expect them to fulfil any obligations towards us. Furthermore, much scientific research in general, and essential medical research in particular, needs to be tested on animals. 譯文譯文Digging10 But passing laws not just to protect animals but to give them legal representa

36、tion is surely the most extreme position in the debate about animal rights. At the very least, the debate demonstrates a more moderate concern about the general welfare of animals in a civilized world. 譯文譯文Digging11 And what about the fish and the fisherman? The Zurich state lawyer lost his case in

37、court, and on this rare occasion, the fisherman was the one that got away.譯文譯文DiggingMain idea of the text1. The one that got away (title)It is an idiom which refers to something good that you nearly had or that nearly happened. Fishermen are seen as likely to exaggerate and “fishermens tales” are r

38、egarded as pretty unreliable, particularly when they are about a fish that got away and was not caught. It therefore cannot be inspected as proof or otherwise of the size claimed by the fisherman. Difficult sentences Difficult sentences 2. You guessed it! (Line 1, Para 3)What the fisherman did is wh

39、at most of us would do. It shows the writers attitude of sympathy towards the man who caught the pike.Difficult sentences 3. Fish, pigs, birds, and other social animals are not allowed to be kept alone. (Line 4, Para 4)social animals: animals which naturally live in groups and might suffer if kept a

40、loneDifficult sentences 4. The lawyers view is that there is a core principle of fair justice which supports his work. (Line 7, Para 5)Mr Goetschel believes he is defending an important moral principle, that all living creatures have their own dignity and right to be well-treated. Humans cannot just

41、 do as they wish with other species. When the way a human treats an animal falls below a certain standard, someone should speak for the animal and make sure its rights are protected.Difficult sentences 5. They took great care to respect the dignity of the cattle in their care. But they ran the risk

42、of being accused of a crime simply by doing their job. (Line 1, Para 7)The farmers agreed they should treat their animals well and ensure they were well-cared for. But they felt the law was going too far and that sooner or later someone would claim keeping animals on a farm was itself against their

43、rights. Difficult sentences 6. Although we may allow animals certain rights, we cannot expect them to fulfil any obligations towards us. (Line 2, Para 9)It is a philosophical or legal principle that a right also creates a duty. People who argue against the concept of animal rights point out that ani

44、mals cannot be expected to do their duty. They will act according to instinct. If therefore animals do not have duties, they cannot be said to have rights. Difficult sentences 7. At the very least, the debate demonstrates a more moderate concern about the general welfare of animals in a civilized wo

45、rld. (Line 4, Para 10)The writer expresses the opinion that whether or not one thinks animals should receive legal representation, it is a good thing that such matters are discussed. In a civilized society the way in which animals are treated must be of concern.Difficult sentences 8. The Zurich stat

46、e lawyer lost his case in court, and on this rare occasion, the fisherman was the one that got away. (Line 2, Para 11)The writer closes the passage by returning to the story about the fisherman and the lawyer who took him to court for cruelty. The court did not agree and the fisherman suffered no pe

47、nalty. The writer plays with the idiom “the one that got away”. However, this time it is not a fish that escapes, but the fisherman who is found innocent by the court.imagine釋義釋義vt. to form a picture of something or someone in your mind 想象，設(shè)想（畫面） 例句例句Imagine my surprise when they announced I had won

48、! 想象一下他們宣布我獲勝的時(shí)候我有多吃驚吧！翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句I can just imagine what the place is going to look like in a few years time. 我能想像出這個(gè)地方幾年之后會(huì)變成什么樣子。 翻譯翻譯Can you imagine ice that does not melt and is not wet? (Jun. 1995, CET-4, Listening comprehension)真題真題cast 釋義釋義vt. to throw a fishing line or net into the w

49、ater 拋(魚鉤)；撒（網(wǎng)）例句例句I was casting my line from the shore when it got tangled with hers. 我從岸上拋漁線，卻與她的纏在一起了。翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句Practice is needed to cast your fishing line smoothly. 你需要多訓(xùn)練才能把釣線平穩(wěn)地拋出去。翻譯翻譯substantial釋義釋義a. large in amount or degree 數(shù)目大的; 可觀的例句例句A substantial number of houses were damaged

50、 by the floods. 大量房屋被洪水沖毀了。 翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句He made substantial progress in writing English. 他在英文寫作方面進(jìn)步顯著。翻譯翻譯釋義釋義例句例句 I wish she would stop boasting about her exam results. 我真希望她別再吹噓自己的考試成績(jī)了。 翻譯翻譯WordsWordsv. to talk too proudly about your abilities, achievements, or possessions 夸耀；吹噓boast 例句例句Sh

51、e often boasts that her father is the president of the company. 她經(jīng)常夸耀說(shuō)她父親是這家公司的總裁。翻譯翻譯land釋義釋義vt. to catch a fish and pull it out of the water 捕（魚）例句例句You mean Rich landed an 18-pound fish by himself? 你是說(shuō)里奇自個(gè)兒捕到了一條18磅重的大魚？ 翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句翻譯翻譯He landed a fish on the riverbank.他在河堤上捕到一條魚。1.1. subje

52、ct to sth/sb. subject to sth/sb. 必須服從某事物必須服從某事物/ /某人某人, ,受某事物受某事物/ /某人支配某人支配 We are subject to the law of the land. We are subject to the law of the land. 我們須遵守當(dāng)?shù)氐姆晌覀冺氉袷禺?dāng)?shù)氐姆? . Peasants used to be subject to the local landowner. Peasants used to be subject to the local landowner. 農(nóng)民過(guò)去受地主的壓迫農(nóng)民過(guò)去受地主

53、的壓迫. . 2. subject to sth. 2. subject to sth. 常有常有/ /常患或常遭某事物?；蓟虺Ｔ饽呈挛? ,傾向某事物傾向某事物 Are you subject to colds?Are you subject to colds?你?；几忻皢崮愠；几忻皢? ? Trains are subject to delay(s) after the heavy snowfalls. Trains are subject to delay(s) after the heavy snowfalls. 一下大雪火車就往往誤點(diǎn)一下大雪火車就往往誤點(diǎn). . The timeta

54、ble is subject to alternation. The timetable is subject to alternation.時(shí)刻表有可能更改時(shí)刻表有可能更改. . 3.subject to sth 3.subject to sth 以某事物為條件以某事物為條件, ,取決于某事物取決于某事物 The plan is subject to the directors approval.The plan is subject to the directors approval. 該計(jì)劃須經(jīng)主管批準(zhǔn)該計(jì)劃須經(jīng)主管批準(zhǔn). . subject to釋義釋義vt. to speak or

55、act officially for another person, group or organization 代表（人、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等）例句例句翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句The union represents over 200 employees. 翻譯翻譯這個(gè)工會(huì)代表200多名雇員。 Her feelings represent those of the majority.她的心情代表了大多數(shù)人的心情。真題真題W: Are these TV sets the newest models?M: Sure. They represent the latest technology.

56、 Actually, We sell nothing but the best.(Jan. 1999, CET-4, Listening comprehension )representcore釋義釋義1a. most important or most basic 核心的；最重要的；最基本的例句例句Selling insurance is still our core business. 保險(xiǎn)銷售仍是我們的核心業(yè)務(wù)。 翻譯翻譯WordsWordscore 釋義釋義2n. C the most important or central part of something 核心例句例句These

57、 ideas formed the core of his philosophy. 這些思想構(gòu)成他哲學(xué)體系的核心。 翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句The core of the problem was a lack of funds.問(wèn)題的核心是缺乏資金。翻譯翻譯dignity 釋義釋義n. U respect that other people have for you or that you have for yourself 尊嚴(yán)例句例句We all want to maintain our dignity in old age. 我們都想在老年時(shí)期保持尊嚴(yán)。 翻譯翻譯WordsW

58、ords例句例句In the prison camp, it was hard to retain some human dignity. 在戰(zhàn)俘營(yíng)里很難保留一些人的尊嚴(yán)。 翻譯翻譯species釋義釋義n. C (pl species) a plant or animal group whose members all have similar general features and are able to produce young plants or animals together 物種；種例句例句Over 120 species of birds have been recorde

59、d in this National Park. 這個(gè)國(guó)家公園已發(fā)現(xiàn)120多種鳥(niǎo)類。 翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句Pandas are an endangered species. 翻譯翻譯熊貓是瀕危物種。 There is hardly an environment on earth to which some species of animal or other has not adapted successfully. (Jun. 1999, CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure )真題真題contest釋義釋義1vt. to say formally

60、that you disagree with something or think it is wrong 辯駁；質(zhì)疑例句例句The company contested the agencys findings. 那家公司對(duì)該機(jī)構(gòu)的調(diào)查結(jié)果提出了質(zhì)疑。 翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句His views on evolution are strongly contested by other scientists. 他關(guān)于進(jìn)化論的觀點(diǎn)受到其他科學(xué)家的強(qiáng)烈質(zhì)疑。 翻譯翻譯contest釋義釋義2vt. to compete for a job or for success in a comp