專題現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)講解及練習(xí)(1)

1、Present perfect continuous tense I have been colecting shells for five years.I started to collect shells five years ago.He began to collect coins two years ago.He has been collecting coins for two years. She started to collect stamps last year.She has been collecting stamps for a year. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行

2、時(shí)含義：動(dòng)作自過去某時(shí)開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還將持續(xù)下去；動(dòng)作從過去某時(shí)開始，一直延續(xù)到說話時(shí)刻，可能剛剛結(jié)束。 進(jìn)行時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí) I am reading the book. 完成時(shí)完成時(shí) I have read the book. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) I have been reading the book.現(xiàn)在正在讀現(xiàn)在正在讀已經(jīng)讀過已經(jīng)讀過過去到截至過去到截至說話為止，說話為止，一直在讀一直在讀1. 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)(“三合一三合一”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu))：1)肯定句肯定句: have/has been+V-ing （從過去到現(xiàn)在）一直在做某事（從過去到現(xiàn)在）一直在做某事我在這坐了一個(gè)下午了。我

3、在這坐了一個(gè)下午了。 他弟弟十歲起就一直收集各種各樣的郵票。他弟弟十歲起就一直收集各種各樣的郵票。 I have been sitting here for the afternoon.His brother has been collecting stamps since he was 10.2)否定句否定句:have/has not been+V-ing 沒有一直在做某事沒有一直在做某事我一個(gè)星期沒有給花澆水了。我一個(gè)星期沒有給花澆水了。 這些年，他都沒有一直在這教書。這些年，他都沒有一直在這教書。I havent been watering the flowers for a week.

4、He hasnt been teaching here these years.3)疑問句：疑問句： Have/Has+主語主語+been+V-ing ?你一直在寫一本小說嗎？你一直在寫一本小說嗎？他一直給你寫信嗎？他一直給你寫信嗎？Have you been writing a novel?Has he been writing letters to you?wehave classes for 7 daysWe have been having classes for 7 days.練習(xí)：看圖，根據(jù)提示詞，表達(dá)句子。練習(xí)：看圖，根據(jù)提示詞，表達(dá)句子。hecry three hoursHe

5、has been crying for three hours.The womantake a restall dayThe boy The boy hasnt been taking a resthasnt been taking a rest all day.all day.itrainthese few daysIt It has been raininghas been raining these few days. these few days. Im tired because Ive been running. 我很累因?yàn)槲乙恢迸艿浆F(xiàn)在。我很累因?yàn)槲乙恢迸艿浆F(xiàn)在。（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作一直進(jìn)

6、行并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作一直進(jìn)行并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）對(duì)比：對(duì)比：Im tired because Ive run.我累了因?yàn)槲遗芰恕＃◤?qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已完成）我累了因?yàn)槲遗芰?。（?qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已完成）2. 用法：用法： 1) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)從過去某時(shí)一個(gè)從過去某時(shí)開始開始一直在進(jìn)行并持續(xù)一直在進(jìn)行并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。這個(gè)這個(gè)動(dòng)作動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。剛剛結(jié)束，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。 I have been reading for 2 hours. I am still reading now. I have been reading for 2 hours.past

7、presentfuture2.）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)從過去某一個(gè)從過去某時(shí)開始時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。這個(gè)動(dòng)作。這個(gè)動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)中?，F(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)中。4） 表示從過去到現(xiàn)在反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作表示從過去到現(xiàn)在反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作You have been saying that for five years. (這話你已經(jīng)說了有五年了。）這話你已經(jīng)說了有五年了。）3）和進(jìn)行時(shí)一樣，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也往往帶有）和進(jìn)行時(shí)一樣，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也往往帶有感情色彩（如贊揚(yáng)、厭惡等）。感情色彩（如贊揚(yáng)、厭惡等）。 What have you been doing a

8、ll the time? (這半天你在干什么？）這半天你在干什么？） 3. 時(shí)間狀語時(shí)間狀語 1）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)通常）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)通常 和和“for”或或“since”所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。I have been waiting for a letter from my parents for two days. 雨已經(jīng)下了三個(gè)小時(shí)雨已經(jīng)下了三個(gè)小時(shí)We have been studying here since 2004. 我這兩天來一直在等我父母的回信我這兩天來一直在等我父母的回信It has been raining for three hours. 我們自從我們

9、自從2004年開始一直在這里讀書。年開始一直在這里讀書。 2）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還可以于）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還可以于these few days, this week, all the time， all night, all the morning, all ones life, during the night, recently等連用：等連用： Ive been writing letters all this morning. (我寫了一上午的信。）我寫了一上午的信。） I have been doing this all my life. (這個(gè)我做了一輩子啦。）這個(gè)我做了一輩子啦。） Re

10、cently he has been doing his work quite regularly. (近來他都按時(shí)做作業(yè)。）近來他都按時(shí)做作業(yè)。）小試小試牛刀牛刀1. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ for it for months. A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing2. I have got a headache. No wonder. You_ in fron

11、t of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. workedDChas been preparinghave been working3. Hi, Tracy，you look pale. I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted4. Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ going back

12、to school，but she hasnt decided yet.A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to considerCBhave been paintinghas been considering 1. Judy: How long _(be) in Canada?Claude: I _(study) here for more than three years.2. I_ (have) the same car for more than ten years. Im thinki

13、ng about buying a new one.3. I _(love) chocolate since I was a child. You might even call me a chocoholic.have you beenhave been studyinghave hadhave loved4. John _(work) for the government since he graduated from Harvard University. Until recently, he _(enjoy) his work, but now he is talking about

14、retiring.5. Lately, I _(think) about changing my career because I _(become) dissatisfied with the conditions at my company.6. I _(see) Judy for more than five years and during that time I_ (see) many changes in her personality. has been workinghas enjoyedhave been thinkinghave becomehave been seeing

15、have seen1.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)比較比較：現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)作動(dòng)作目前正在發(fā)生目前正在發(fā)生動(dòng)作在迄今為止的一段時(shí)動(dòng)作在迄今為止的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)曾經(jīng)間內(nèi)曾經(jīng)延續(xù)進(jìn)行和目前延續(xù)進(jìn)行和目前還在進(jìn)行還在進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行正在進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作持續(xù)進(jìn)行持續(xù)進(jìn)行2.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)比較比較：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)作已動(dòng)作已完成完成動(dòng)作在迄今為止的一段時(shí)動(dòng)作在迄今為止的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)曾經(jīng)間內(nèi)曾經(jīng)延續(xù)進(jìn)行和目前延續(xù)進(jìn)行和目前還在進(jìn)行還在進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果或影響

16、結(jié)果或影響強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作持續(xù)進(jìn)行持續(xù)進(jìn)行1. 未完結(jié)性未完結(jié)性現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的最后的結(jié)果，表示動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的最后的結(jié)果，表示動(dòng)作已已經(jīng)結(jié)束、完成經(jīng)結(jié)束、完成；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作本身，表示動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作本身，表示動(dòng)作還沒有還沒有結(jié)束、完成結(jié)束、完成 (有延續(xù)性）有延續(xù)性）。 I have read this novel. (已讀完）已讀完） I have been reading this novel. (還在讀）還在讀） They have widened the road. (路加寬路加寬了了) They have been widening the road

17、. (路路還在還在加寬加寬) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 2. 剛完結(jié)性的結(jié)果剛完結(jié)性的結(jié)果 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)皆可表示現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)皆可表示動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果（影響），動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果（影響），但現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)所表示的結(jié)果但現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)所表示的結(jié)果 是剛剛完是剛剛完成的動(dòng)作成的動(dòng)作的結(jié)果的結(jié)果 consequence ；（；（是是臨時(shí)臨時(shí)的的/直接的直接的) 而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的則是而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的則是最后的結(jié)果最后的結(jié)果/長長久的影響久的影響(result)。 （動(dòng)作可能剛結(jié)束，也可能（動(dòng)作可能剛結(jié)束，也可能早已結(jié)束早已

18、結(jié)束） We have been cleaning the classroom. （a） We have cleaned the classroom（b）（a）“我們打掃教室來著。我們打掃教室來著。”表示教室剛剛打掃過，其表示教室剛剛打掃過，其目前直接的結(jié)果可能是：我們身上都是灰目前直接的結(jié)果可能是：我們身上都是灰; 或是我們很或是我們很累。累。（ b）“我們把教室打掃過了。我們把教室打掃過了?！?教室可能是昨天打掃教室可能是昨天打掃的，其結(jié)果是：現(xiàn)在教室很清潔，可以用了。的，其結(jié)果是：現(xiàn)在教室很清潔，可以用了。 Your eyes are red and puffy. Have you be

19、en crying? 你的眼睛又紅又腫，你是不是哭來著？你的眼睛又紅又腫，你是不是哭來著？ （“哭哭”的動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束，它是眼睛又紅又腫的原因。的動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束，它是眼睛又紅又腫的原因。） Be careful! John has been painting the door.（a）John has painted the door（b）（a）句表示約翰）句表示約翰剛剛剛剛把門油漆過，現(xiàn)在油漆還未把門油漆過，現(xiàn)在油漆還未干，所以你要小心。干，所以你要小心。（b） 句油漆可能已干了。句油漆可能已干了。 門看來很新門看來很新. 3. 感情色彩感情色彩Recently Mary has been doi

20、ng her work regularly.（a）Recently Mary has done her work regularly（b）（a）句顯然是在表揚(yáng)瑪麗。句顯然是在表揚(yáng)瑪麗。（b）只說明一個(gè)事實(shí)。只說明一個(gè)事實(shí)。 Whos been eating my apples?（a） Whos eaten my apples?（b）（a）句有強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩，表示憤怒不滿句有強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩，表示憤怒不滿;兼有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，所以有兼有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，所以有“蘋果未被全部吃蘋果未被全部吃光光”的意思，的意思，（b）句只是希望回答的一個(gè)問題。句只是希望回答的一個(gè)問題。 完成時(shí)態(tài)，說明完成時(shí)態(tài)，說明“蘋果一個(gè)不剩

21、了蘋果一個(gè)不剩了”。 4. 重復(fù)性重復(fù)性現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)往往表示動(dòng)作在往往表示動(dòng)作在重復(fù)重復(fù)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常常不帶重復(fù)性。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常常不帶重復(fù)性。 Have you been meeting her lately？ (你近來你近來常常見到她嗎？見到她嗎？) Have you met her lately？ (你近來見到你近來見到過過她嗎？她嗎？) 5.習(xí)慣性，口語化習(xí)慣性，口語化 現(xiàn)代英語中，特別是口語，有一種傾向，就是對(duì)于像sit, lie, wait, stay, look等這樣的動(dòng)詞，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)比用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)更合乎習(xí)慣。例如： I have been sitting

22、 all afternoon. I have been waiting for you since morning. I have been staying in a hotel so far.比較：比較： I have been singing all afternoon. (口語傾向于用）口語傾向于用） I have sung all afternoon.6. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一般不適用于狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般不適用于狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞（如（如know，以及，以及have, find, understand, be 等等。 只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： 自從孩提我們就認(rèn)識(shí)了。 Weve k

23、nown each other since childhood.7. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一般不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，應(yīng)改用一般不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，應(yīng)改用現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)： The road has been being repaired for months. 太笨重，應(yīng)改為： The road has been repaired for months.8. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(Non-Continuous Verbs )，如，如 finish, join，die 等，通常不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)等，通常不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。行時(shí)。 注意事項(xiàng)：有些動(dòng)詞有些動(dòng)詞(如：如：w

24、ork, study, live, teach等等)用現(xiàn)在完用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表達(dá)的意思差不多。試比成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表達(dá)的意思差不多。試比較：較： The teacher has been teaching at this school for ten years. 十年來，那位老師一直在這所學(xué)校教書。十年來，那位老師一直在這所學(xué)校教書。 The teacher has taught at this school for ten years. 那位老師在這所學(xué)校已經(jīng)教了十年書了。那位老師在這所學(xué)校已經(jīng)教了十年書了。（2）一些表示靜態(tài)的動(dòng)詞往往只能用在現(xiàn)在）一些表示靜態(tài)的動(dòng)詞往往只能用在現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。這樣的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要有完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。這樣的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要有l(wèi)