高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法干擾項(xiàng)分析和答題技巧-掌門(mén)1對(duì)Word版

1、高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法干擾項(xiàng)分析和答題技巧-掌門(mén)1對(duì)1一、 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 語(yǔ)法測(cè)試中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞約占31.1%，平均每年近5道題，可謂是語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目考查的重點(diǎn)，那么非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查都有哪些特點(diǎn)，解答時(shí)又應(yīng)注意些什么呢？ 1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考查特點(diǎn) 1) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的判斷 對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞區(qū)別的考查主要集中在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，如： All things _ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.(1999.1) A. had been canceled B. have been cance

2、led C. were canceled D. having been canceled 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有三個(gè)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，只有D是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，只要同學(xué)們能判斷出這里是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做狀語(yǔ)，則不用考慮時(shí)態(tài)的問(wèn)題，答案自明。 2) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后不定式與動(dòng)名詞的選擇 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后接不定式還是接動(dòng)名詞也是四級(jí)語(yǔ)法測(cè)試中的一個(gè)題眼。如： I don't mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late. (2000.1) A. you to delay making B. your delaying making C. your delaying to ma

3、ke D. you delay to make Had I remembered _ the windows, the thief would not have got in.(1996.1) A. to close B. closing C. to have closed D. having closed Your hair wants _ . You'd better have it done tomorrow. A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut(1997.6) 這類題涉及三個(gè)方面： 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)該接不定式還是動(dòng)名詞？ 即可接不定式又

4、可接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)和意思上有何差別？ 不定式與動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式還是用被動(dòng)形式？ 3) 做定語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇 從近幾年的考查情況來(lái)看，對(duì)做定語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查有兩種情況： (1)對(duì)一般概念的考查，而不是固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)。如： The project _ by the end of 2000, will expand the city's telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.(1999.6) A. accomplished B. being accomplished C. to be accomplished D. hav

5、ing been accomplished If I correct someone, I will do it with so much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one _.(1996.6) A. to correct B. correcting C. having been corrected D. being corrected 同學(xué)們只要掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)的一般的規(guī)律,就可以判斷2 / 23題答案為C，題答案為D。 (2)對(duì)固定結(jié)構(gòu)的考查，如： The professor could hardly find suf

6、ficient grounds _ his arguments in favor of the new theory.(2000.6) A. to be based on B. to base on C. which to base on D. on which to base The pressure _ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain. A. to compete B. competing C. to be competed D. having

7、 competed 題為不定式做定語(yǔ)的固定形式，答案為D，題為某些特定名詞的定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，答案為A。在英語(yǔ)中有些名詞，如動(dòng)詞變來(lái)的名詞，形容詞變來(lái)的名詞，以及means, way, time, moment, reason等要求其后用不定式做定語(yǔ)，不定式?jīng)]有體的變化。 4) 做狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇 做狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要考查其各種形式的選擇，如： _ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.(1996.6) A. Having believed B. Believin

8、g C. Believed D. Being Believed _ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree.(1995.1) A. To become B. Become C. One becomes D. On becoming Realizing that he hadn't enough money and _ to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch.(1995.1) A. not wa

9、nted B. no to want C. not wanting D. wanting not _ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.(1997.1) A. Believe B. To believe C. Believing D. Believed 從以上各題來(lái)看，考查的側(cè)重點(diǎn)有： (1)狀語(yǔ)類別的判斷 不同的狀語(yǔ)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的要求不同，目的狀語(yǔ)要求用不定式，如。 (2)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與句子屬于之間的邏輯關(guān)系 根據(jù)主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的不同來(lái)確定用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過(guò)去分詞。 (3)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定形式

10、 not否定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)置于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，如。 (4) 獨(dú)立成分 有些非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的使用不受與句子主語(yǔ)關(guān)系的限制，稱為獨(dú)立成分，這類成 分只記憶即可。如: generally speaking, judging from., to tell the truth., 等。 5) 做補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇 做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞受謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的限制，不同動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)形式要求不同。近幾年對(duì)各類賓補(bǔ)都有考查。如： They are going to have the service man _ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.(1998.1) A.

11、install B. to install C. to be installed D. installed After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute _.(1998.6) A. being settled B. to be settled C. had settled D. as settled You will see this product _ wherever you go.(2000.6) A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D

12、. advertising His remarks left me _ about his real purpose.(1999.6) A. wondered B. wonder C. to wonder D. wondering When I caught him _ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.(1997.1) A. cheating B. cheat C. to cheat D. to be cheating The sale usually takes place outs

13、ide the house, with the audience _ on benches, chairs or boxes.(2000.1) A. having seated B. seating C. seated D. having been seated 考查涉及到感官動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如。 have, make, let, leave等特殊單詞后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 regard類后面的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) with獨(dú)立分句后面的 常用動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 6) 做表語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇 表語(yǔ)的考查多側(cè)重于分詞做表語(yǔ)形式的選擇，很少有動(dòng)名詞的用法的考查，雖然選項(xiàng)中有不定式作為干擾項(xiàng)，只要能看出是

14、做表語(yǔ)的也就不用考慮。如： The house was very quiet, _ as it was on the side of the mountain.(1999.6) A. isolated B. isolating C. being isolated D. having been isolated These surveys indicate that many crimes go _ by the police,mainly because not all victims report them.(2000.6) A. unrecorded B. to be unrecorded

15、 C. unrecording D. to have been unrecorded 分詞做表語(yǔ)可以做系動(dòng)詞be的表語(yǔ)，也可以做其它系動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ)，如go, feel,seem, look, remain等等。這些系動(dòng)詞后非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的餓用法規(guī)則是相同的。 7) to作為介詞與作為不定式符號(hào)的選擇 to可以是介詞，也可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)不定式，四級(jí)考試中對(duì)種類用法的考查也比較多。如： I have no objection _ your story again.(2000.6) A. to hear B. to hearing C. to having heard D. to have heard The

16、 traditional approach _ with complex problems is to break down into smaller, more easily managed problems.(1996.6) A. to dealing B. in dealing C. dealing D. to deal The man in the corner confessed to _ a lie to the manager of the company.(1997.6) A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told

17、這類考題的考查方式有兩種，一是四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)相對(duì)的選項(xiàng)to do something 和 to doing something，這時(shí)考查的自然是to的性質(zhì)；另一種是to在題干中，如。 8) 分詞前連詞的使用 分詞前連詞的使用是為了使分詞的作用更加明了，使考生更加準(zhǔn)確地理解試題?？疾橛袃煞N情況 (1)根據(jù)連詞選擇適當(dāng)?shù)姆衷~形式 Michael used to look hurt and surprised when _.(1995.1) A. scolding B. to scold C. having scolded D. scolded when的使用說(shuō)明非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，答案不可能是

18、B，從scold與句子主語(yǔ)間的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)看，應(yīng)該是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，答案應(yīng)該是D。 (2)根據(jù)狀語(yǔ)的功能選擇不同的連詞 Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patient do not take drugs _ directed.(1996.1) A. like B. so C. which D. as 由上下文的意思可以看出，分詞所做的是方式狀語(yǔ)，連詞應(yīng)該是as。 9) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的體 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中分詞的體有完成體和進(jìn)行體，即having done, having been done和being done，完成體只

19、用于做狀語(yǔ)的場(chǎng)合，而進(jìn)行體可以用于做定語(yǔ)和做補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 動(dòng)名詞的體也有having done, having been done和 being done的結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的場(chǎng)合。 不定式的體有to be doing 和to have done，主要用于pretend, happen, seem, appear, be said to等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如： The man in the corner confessed to _ a lie to the manager of the company.(1997.6) A. have told B. be told C. being told D.

20、 having told having told在句中做介詞賓語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。 I'd rather read than watch television; the programs seem _ all the time.(1997.1) A. to get worse B. to be getting worse C. to have got worse D. getting worse 從all the time的使用可以推斷get worse是一個(gè)漸變過(guò)程，所以用不定式的進(jìn)行體。 The speech _ a lively discussion started.

21、(1995.1) A. being delivered B. was delivered C. be delivered D. having been delivered 該結(jié)構(gòu)屬于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)分詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，所以應(yīng)該用完成體，答案為D。 10）動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 動(dòng)名詞符合結(jié)構(gòu)可以做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，在對(duì)動(dòng)名詞的考查中總是將其邏輯主語(yǔ)包括進(jìn)來(lái)，形成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)： _ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.(1999.1) A. The girl was educa

22、ted B. The girl educated C. The girl's being educated D. The girl to be educated 本題涉及題眼比較多，A，為從句做主語(yǔ)，但缺少that，D為不定式做主語(yǔ)，但缺少for(for the girl to be educated)，B結(jié)構(gòu)不能做主語(yǔ)，答案是C，為動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 Ann never dreams of _ for her to be sent abroad very soon. A. there being a chance B. there to be a chance C. there be

23、 a chance D. being a chance 介詞后用動(dòng)名詞，表示存在時(shí)必須用there be句型，所以答案為A，這也是動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，there為動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。 I don't mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late. A. you to delay making B. your delaying making C. you delaying to make D. you delay to make (2000.1) Mind要求接動(dòng)名詞,動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)用形容詞性物主代詞，答案自然是B。 I would ap

24、preciate _ it a secret.(1995.6) A. your keeping B. you to keep C. that you keep D. that you will keep 本題與上一題類似，答案是A。2非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題策略 1）正確判斷非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 這類題一般出現(xiàn)在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果在選項(xiàng)與句子之間沒(méi)有連詞，則說(shuō)明，所選為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，既名詞或主格代詞 + 分詞。 All things _, the planned trip will have to be called off. A. considered B. be considered C. consider

25、ing D. having considered (1998.6) 句子沒(méi)有連詞，說(shuō)明所選結(jié)構(gòu)不屬于從句，那么就是獨(dú)立主格做狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，答案應(yīng)該是A。 _, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.(1997.6) A. Other things being equal B. Were other things equal C. To be equal to othe

26、r things D. Other things to be equal 做狀語(yǔ)的可以是從句，但B的結(jié)構(gòu)是虛擬條件，與這里不符，不表目的，C不對(duì)，不表將來(lái)，獨(dú)立主格中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能是不定式，答案為A。 4） 判斷動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的方式 主語(yǔ)位置上，或動(dòng)詞、介詞后的"名詞代詞 + 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞"，如果表示的是一個(gè)事件則是動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，而不是"名詞 + 定語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)看以下各例： He insisted on the windows _ open while he was sleeping. A. left B. being left C. leaving D. be lef

27、t insist on后不接從句，D可以排除。這里表達(dá)的是堅(jiān)持要求"開(kāi)著窗子睡覺(jué)"，所以應(yīng)該是動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，答案為B。 The road _ caused us to be for our work for half an hour. A. blocked B. was blocked C. blocking D. being blocked 做主語(yǔ)的表示上班遲到的原因，自然應(yīng)該是"交通堵塞"，而不是"被堵的道路"，所以還是動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，答案為D。 The concerned mother thrilled at the news

28、 of his son _ to college. A. had been admitted B. admitted C. having been admitted D. having admitted 消息表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是個(gè)事件，說(shuō)明不是"被錄取的孩子"，介詞of后不可能接從句，說(shuō)明of后為動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，答案是C。 3） 注意分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系 正確判斷非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與起邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系是正確選擇非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的保證，不管是做什么成分的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都體現(xiàn)以下特點(diǎn)： 如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞； 如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系

29、，則用過(guò)去分詞； 如果表示將來(lái)，則用動(dòng)詞不定式。 這是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞運(yùn)用的基本原則，然后再根據(jù)其不同的作用，掌握其更細(xì)的規(guī)則。如： (1)做定語(yǔ)時(shí) 做定語(yǔ)的可以是動(dòng)名詞、分詞或不定式。動(dòng)名詞做前置定語(yǔ)，所構(gòu)成的大多為固定短語(yǔ)，。主要考查分詞和不定式做定語(yǔ)。分詞或不定式做定語(yǔ)一般做后置定語(yǔ)。 The project _ by the end of 2000, will expand the city's telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users. A. accomplished B. being accomplished C. to be acco

30、mplished D. having been accomplished Hard work _ on time will lead to better grades.(1995.1) A. done B. be done C. having done D. to have been done As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town _ 50 households or more.(1998.1) A. having B. t

31、o haveC. to have had D. having had Those _ to the conference were mostly famous scientists. A. invited B. were invited C. inviting D. to invite 做定語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有一下幾種形式： "doing 結(jié)構(gòu)":分詞與中心詞之間是主謂關(guān)系,表示正在進(jìn)行,或狀態(tài)。如 "being done結(jié)構(gòu)"：分詞與中心詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行，如：No one is to enter the building being r

32、epaired. "to be done結(jié)構(gòu)"：不定式與中心詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示將來(lái)和被動(dòng)，如。 "done結(jié)構(gòu)"：分詞與中心詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)、完成或一般，如。 "to do結(jié)構(gòu)"：不定式與中心詞之間是主謂關(guān)系，表示將來(lái)。如：The professor to give us a speech tomorrow is said to have compiled many scientific works. 完成形式不能做定語(yǔ)，包括分詞的完成形式和不定式的完成形式。 (2)做狀語(yǔ) 做狀語(yǔ)的可以是不定式，也可以是分詞。大體結(jié)構(gòu)有

33、： "doing 結(jié)構(gòu)"：分詞與句子主語(yǔ)為主謂關(guān)系，表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生，或是同時(shí)存在的狀態(tài)。如： _ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth. A. Having believed B. Believing C. Believed D. Being believed "done結(jié)構(gòu)"：只要分詞與句子主語(yǔ)間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系就可以用過(guò)去分詞，可以表示完成，可以表示正在進(jìn)行，也可以表示條件。如： _ in this

34、way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing. A. Too look at B. Looking at C. Looked at D. To be looked at (2000.1) He came in, followed by a group of reporters. "having done結(jié)構(gòu)"：分詞與句子主語(yǔ)是主謂關(guān)系，切發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。Having seen the film already, I declined his invitation to go to the cinema. &qu

35、ot;having been done結(jié)構(gòu)"：該結(jié)構(gòu)表示完成被動(dòng)，即分詞與句子主語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。如：Having been showed many times, he still didn't understand the operation of the machine. "to do 結(jié)構(gòu)"：這是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中可以做目的狀語(yǔ)，也可以做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，但不定式動(dòng)作總是發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。如： _ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master&

36、#39;s degree. A. To become B. Become C. One becomes D. On becoming 表結(jié)果時(shí)一般為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，如too to, enough to.，或是表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，?？杉訕?gòu)成only to的結(jié)構(gòu)。如： I did what I could to comfort her only to make her cry even more. The next day, she woke to find herself in hospital. "being done結(jié)構(gòu)"：該結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)與正在進(jìn)行，一般置于句首，表示原因。如：

37、Being chased by some spies, he hid himself in the grass. (2)做表語(yǔ) 測(cè)試中對(duì)表語(yǔ)的考查主要側(cè)重在現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別上，所以對(duì)于做表語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主要看分詞與句子主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。做表語(yǔ)的分詞一般只有doing和done兩種形式。現(xiàn)在分詞表示做表語(yǔ)的與主語(yǔ)是主謂關(guān)系；過(guò)去分詞表示做表語(yǔ)的與主語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。根據(jù)使用規(guī)律，如果主語(yǔ)是無(wú)生命名詞，則表語(yǔ)分詞為現(xiàn)在分詞；如果主語(yǔ)是有生命名詞，以過(guò)去分詞居多，但也可以用現(xiàn)在分詞，但意思不同。如： How disappointed he felt at the result of the

38、election. (他感到失望) How disappointing he is. He should have failed in such an election. (他令人失望） 可接表語(yǔ)的系動(dòng)詞很多，除be外還有remain, feel, look, appear, seem, get, become, go。 (3)做補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 一般做賓補(bǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的形式選擇與其它成分中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式選擇規(guī)則基本相同。 doing結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞與賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，表正在進(jìn)行。 When I caught him _ me I stopped buying things there and star

39、ted dealing with another shop. A. cheating B. cheat C. to cheat D. to be cheating done結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞與賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)與完成。 Don't get your schedule _;stay with us in this class.(1996.1) A. to change B. changing C. changed D. change to do 結(jié)構(gòu)：不定式表示將來(lái)，如wish somebody to do, expect somebody to do, arrange for some

40、body to do等等。 being done結(jié)構(gòu)：表示被動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行, watch the flag being raised Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _ in Cuba.(2000.1) A. being cultivated B. been cultivated C. having cultivated D. cultivating to be done結(jié)構(gòu)：用語(yǔ)表示將來(lái)與被動(dòng)，一般用語(yǔ)主謂關(guān)系時(shí)可用to做賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞后，如：want

41、 something to be done, order something to be done 完成形式不能做賓補(bǔ)。 4） 注意分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做什么狀語(yǔ) 不同的狀語(yǔ)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的要求不同，如表示目的只能是不定式，另外，測(cè)試中也常有選擇非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前連詞的試題。因此，同學(xué)們應(yīng)注意根據(jù)狀語(yǔ)與句子間的關(guān)系，判斷連詞的使用。 5） 注意不定式的特殊句式 不定式在做定語(yǔ)和做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)都有其特殊句式，注意這些句式的特點(diǎn)，考試中就會(huì)少走一點(diǎn)彎路。如： have something to do類： 這類結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的連動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，即"有事要做"，"買東西吃"，"借

42、書(shū)看"等。 a room in which to live類： 該類結(jié)構(gòu)是a room to live in 的變體。但如果不熟悉這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，考試中則難以決斷。如： You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _ to suspend your tent.(1998.1) A. there B. them C. which D. where The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _ his arguments in favor of the new theory.(

43、2000.6) A. to be based on B. to base on C. which to base on D. on which to base the first to do 該結(jié)構(gòu)表示如果名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)本身做名詞用，其后應(yīng)不定式做定語(yǔ)。 the ability to do 該結(jié)構(gòu)表示，形容詞變了的名詞后用不定式做定語(yǔ)。 the need to do 該結(jié)構(gòu)表示由動(dòng)詞變來(lái)的名詞后用不定式做定語(yǔ)。 the way to do 該結(jié)構(gòu)表示，在一些特定的名詞后面常用不定式做定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)注意記憶，如means, reason, time, pressure,

44、moment。 6） 熟記固定搭配，分清不定式與to加動(dòng)名詞 其實(shí)容易產(chǎn)生不定式符號(hào)與介詞混淆的只是為數(shù)不多的某些句式，只要平時(shí)注意積累即可。 prefer doing something to doing something look forward to doing something be used to doing something (習(xí)慣于做某事) stick to doing something object to doing something/ have objection to doing something be opposed to doing something ad

45、mit/confess to doing something I have no objection _ your story again.(2000.6) A. to hear B. to hearing C. to having heard D. to have heard The man in the corner confessed to _ a lie to the manager of the company. A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told 從出題人的心理來(lái)看，如果有to do something和 to

46、doing something的對(duì)比項(xiàng)，一般答案是to doing something。 7） 分清賓補(bǔ)的類別 (1)感官動(dòng)詞后的賓補(bǔ)可以是 doing, do, done, being done的結(jié)構(gòu)，其中being done 只用于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞后面， 如find, smell, feel等。 (2)have somebody do something 讓某人做某事 have somebody doing something 讓某人一直做某事 won't have somebody do something 不許某人做某事 have something done 使某事被做 have s

47、omething + ving 讓一直 (3)catch,smell,keep,set,等只能接doing的結(jié)構(gòu),表示主動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行。 (4)leave somebody doing something 讓某人一直做某事 leave something undone 使某事只做了一半 leave something to be done 事情有待于解決 leave somebody to do something讓某事做某事，表示將來(lái) (5)with somebody to do something賓補(bǔ)與賓語(yǔ)是主謂關(guān)系，表示將來(lái)。 with somebody doing something 賓

48、補(bǔ)與賓語(yǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系，表示正在進(jìn)行。 with something to do 賓補(bǔ)與賓語(yǔ)間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示將來(lái)，動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者在句中找的著。 with something to be done賓補(bǔ)與賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示將來(lái)，但動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者在句中找不著。 with something done 賓補(bǔ)與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示完成。 8) 注意下列結(jié)構(gòu)中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的體 pretend/appear/seem/happen/ be said to do something 不定式動(dòng)作一般為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可是終止性動(dòng)詞，表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)存在或發(fā)生。 pretend/appear/seem/happen/

49、 be said to have done something 不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。 pretend/appear/seem/happen/ be said to be doing something 不定式動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)進(jìn)行 9)熟記哪些動(dòng)詞后接不定式,哪些接動(dòng)名詞,如果兩者都可，又有什么差別。 既可接不定式,又可接動(dòng)名詞,用法有別的動(dòng)詞?？嫉挠? forget,remember, regret, mean, try等。 10）注意want/need/require表示"需要"時(shí)的特殊句式 want/need/require表"需要"時(shí)，

50、后接主動(dòng)的動(dòng)名詞或被動(dòng)的不定式，即doing 或to be done的形式。不可混淆。 3. 自我測(cè)試 以上我們簡(jiǎn)要分析了四級(jí)英語(yǔ)測(cè)試中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查特點(diǎn)和應(yīng)對(duì)策略，下面，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們做自測(cè)練習(xí)。二、 比較級(jí) 1 Test Yourself 在我們分析比較級(jí)的測(cè)試特點(diǎn)探討其應(yīng)對(duì)策略之前,讓我們首先看以下幾題。 1) Radio, television and press _ of conveying news and information.(1995.6) A. are the most three common means B. are the most common three means

51、 C. are the three most common means D. are three the most common means 2) If tap water were as dangerous as some people think, _ would be getting sick.(1998.1) A. a lot of more us B. more a lot of us C. a lot of us more C. a lot more of us 3) The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn't b

52、othered by his loudness _ by his lack of talent.(1999.1) A. than B. more than C. as D. so much as 4) Americans eat _ as they actually need every day.(1998.6) A. twice as much protein B. twice protein as much twice C. twice protein as much D. protein as twice much 5) There are few electronic applicat

53、ions _ to raise fears regarding future employment opportunities than robots. A. likely B. more likely C. most likely D. much likely 6) The little man was _ more than one meter fifty tall.(1995.1) A. nearly B. quite C. hardly D. almost 7) Certain programs work better for some _ for others.(1995.1) A.

54、 and B. than C. as D. but 8) It is not unusual for workers in that region _.(1995.1) A. to be paid more than a month late B. to be paid later than more a month C. to pay later than a month more D. to pay late more than a month 9) It is reported that _adopted children went to know who their natural p

55、arents are.(1997.1) A. the most B. most of C. most D. the most of 10) The little man was _one meter fifty high.(1997.1) A. almost more than B. hardly more than C. nearly more than D. as much as 參考答案： 1) C 2) C 3) D 4) A 5) B 6) C 7) B 8) A 9) C 10) B 2 比較級(jí)測(cè)試特點(diǎn) 在四級(jí)測(cè)試中，比較級(jí)屬低檔題，比較簡(jiǎn)單，考查范圍大體有 1）比較級(jí)形式的判斷

56、比較級(jí)考題在設(shè)計(jì)干擾項(xiàng)時(shí)一般都會(huì)有比較與非比較的選擇，more than 與as/so as的選擇。如上面的，。 2）比較級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ) 比較級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)包括修飾語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)和修飾語(yǔ)的選用。 結(jié)構(gòu)指比較級(jí)修飾語(yǔ)須置于比較級(jí)之前，如，和。 修飾語(yǔ)的選用根據(jù)其所表達(dá)的意思而定，如，。 3）比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)與其它結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別 如中形容詞修飾語(yǔ)more than a month與比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別，中most 與the most的區(qū)別。 3 比較級(jí)應(yīng)對(duì)策略 1）如果選項(xiàng)中有比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)，則該題則為比較級(jí)考查題，可根據(jù)比較級(jí)使用規(guī)則選擇正確答案。 2）比較級(jí)修飾語(yǔ)應(yīng)注意more than 或asas結(jié)構(gòu)之前。 3）注意比較結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性，要么是mor