主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)記憶口訣

1、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)記憶口訣一般情況要熟記，“be+過(guò)去分詞”常用起，過(guò)去現(xiàn)在只變be,將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)更易記，前面用上will/would 即，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞大家族，寫在其前就完畢，完成時(shí)態(tài)不難記，have/had been + 過(guò)去分詞，進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)要留意，be being + 過(guò)去分詞，特殊情況要心細(xì)，感官、使役to 提起，一般現(xiàn)、過(guò)用be done，be有人稱、時(shí)、數(shù)變。完成時(shí)態(tài)have done，被動(dòng)將been加中間。一般將來(lái)shall (will) do，被動(dòng)變do為be done。將來(lái)進(jìn)行無(wú)被動(dòng)，shall (will) be doing,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行同，have (has) been doing。

2、現(xiàn)、過(guò)進(jìn)行be doing, 被動(dòng)be加being done。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語(yǔ)變。否定助后加not，疑問(wèn)一助置主前。主語(yǔ)恰是疑問(wèn)詞，直陳語(yǔ)序主在前。一般情助加be done，雙賓多將間賓變。復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)賓變主，賓補(bǔ)、主補(bǔ)相應(yīng)變。 第二句"be有人稱、時(shí)、數(shù)變"即be有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和單、復(fù)數(shù)的變化。"情助"是指情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞must，may，can，shall，will等一律隨新主語(yǔ)(多是主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ))來(lái)變化。"疑問(wèn)一助置主前"是說(shuō)有兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞的話，應(yīng)把主語(yǔ)放在第一助動(dòng)詞之后或把第一助動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前。下面詳細(xì)舉例說(shuō)明之

3、。 一般現(xiàn)、過(guò)用be done, be有人稱、時(shí)、數(shù)變例：1、主動(dòng)：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome. 被動(dòng)：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children. 孩子們熱烈地歡迎外賓。 2、主動(dòng)：People regard him as brilliant. 被動(dòng)：He is regarded as brilliant by people. 人們認(rèn)為他很有才華。 以上兩例都是一般時(shí)態(tài)用be done的例子，be有人稱、時(shí)、數(shù)變，第三人稱foreign f

4、riends是復(fù)數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以"be done"就是were given，而People regard him as brilliant一句，被動(dòng)后的"be done"就變成單數(shù)第三人稱is regarded的形式了。被動(dòng)：This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. (was delivered即一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)態(tài))這篇講演是王的發(fā)言。There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve

5、 were injured.邊境發(fā)生嚴(yán)重列車事故，二人死亡，十二人受傷。A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow. 直言不諱的人才是真正誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。A note was passed up to the speaker. 有人給講演者遞上來(lái)一張紙條。John was elected president of the class instead of Harry. 喬治被選為班長(zhǎng)而代替了亨利。Volcanoes are described as active, dormant or extinct. 火山被描述為活的，沉睡著的，

6、或者死的。The soldier was killed, but the train was saved. 這位戰(zhàn)士犧牲了，然而列車得救了。He was thought to be clever but dishonest. 他被認(rèn)為很聰明但不誠(chéng)實(shí)。The first zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874. 美國(guó)的第一個(gè)動(dòng)物園是1874年建立的。Families were often broken up; wives were taken away from their husbands and child

7、ren from their parents. 家庭被拆散，妻兒被奪走。The information is urgently needed. 急需這個(gè)資料。Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them were not taken in the past. 多數(shù)環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題的存在，是因?yàn)檫^(guò)去沒(méi)有采取適當(dāng)?shù)谋Ｗo(hù)措施。 完成時(shí)態(tài)have done，被動(dòng)將been加中間。(過(guò)去完成時(shí)had done也包括在內(nèi))。例：1、主動(dòng)：We have studied English for 3

8、years off and on at the spare-time school. 被動(dòng)：English has been studied for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school. (have隨新主語(yǔ)變?yōu)閔as) 我們已經(jīng)在夜校里斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地學(xué)了三年英語(yǔ)了。 2、主動(dòng): They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year. 被動(dòng): 100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year. 到去年年底我們已生產(chǎn)出一百臺(tái)拖拉機(jī)。 3

9、、主動(dòng)：They have set up a power station in their home town. 被動(dòng)：A power station has been set up in their home town. 他們的家鄉(xiāng)建立了一座發(fā)電站。 4、主動(dòng)：They have warned us to be careful of rats. 被動(dòng)：We have been warned to be careful of rats. 他們已提醒我們要注意老鼠。 5、主動(dòng)：People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets. 被

10、動(dòng): Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets. 人們把裝滿垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。 6、主動(dòng)：We have used nuclear energy to produce electricity. 被動(dòng)：Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity. 核能已用來(lái)發(fā)電。 7、主動(dòng)：No one has ever beaten him at tennis. 被動(dòng)：He has never been beaten at tennis. 就網(wǎng)球來(lái)說(shuō)還沒(méi)有人是他的對(duì)手。(N

11、o one涉及到全否定和部分否定問(wèn)題，見否定一講)The person who owns the gun may try to deny that he has used it. But anyone seeing the smoke knows the gun has just been fired.有槍的人會(huì)極力否認(rèn)他開了槍。但是任何看到槍煙(槍冒的煙)的人都會(huì)知道剛才開了槍。Today is Cilia's wedding font id=Mark style="COLOR: blue; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ccffff"day/font,

12、she has just been married to Danel. 今天是西麗亞的新婚日，她剛剛和丹尼爾結(jié)婚。The subjects of these lectures have been announced by the lecture committee. 演講委員會(huì)已宣布了這些講演的題目。過(guò)去完成時(shí)也是一樣：主動(dòng): Somebody had cleaned my shoes.被動(dòng): My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.有人早已把我的鞋子擦了。When I returned I found that they had towed (toud)

13、my car away, I asked why they had done this and they told me that id was because I had parked it under a "No Parking Sign".被動(dòng)：my car had been towed away. I asked why this had been done and told that . it had been parked under a "No Parking Sign".當(dāng)我回來(lái)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)我的車被弄走了。我問(wèn)他們?yōu)樯哆@么于。他們告訴我說(shuō)因?yàn)?/p>

14、我把車于停在"禁止停車"的禁區(qū)。主動(dòng)：They had build three ships by last December.被動(dòng)： By last December three ships had been built by them. 到去年年底他們已建造了三艘船。Research had been centred on the improvement of natural building materials before synthetics were created. 合成材料造出之前，研究工作集中在改進(jìn)天然建筑材料上。He did not say if all

15、those steel pipes had been examined. 他并沒(méi)有說(shuō)那些鋼管都檢驗(yàn)過(guò)沒(méi)有。After plastic had been created, engineers were given a much wide choice of materials. 塑料發(fā)明之后，工程師們?cè)诓牧线x擇上有了更廣闊的途徑。 一般將來(lái)shall (will) do，被動(dòng)變do為be done即由shall do或will do變?yōu)閟hall done或will be done。例：主動(dòng): We shall build several big modern power plants in o

16、ur city next year.被動(dòng)：Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year.過(guò)年我市將建立幾座大型現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)電廠。(shall do中的shall要隨新主語(yǔ)變?yōu)閣ill, do為be done.)王動(dòng)：I shall send my second boy to school next September.被動(dòng)：My second boy will be sent to school next September.過(guò)年九月我將送我次子去讀書。主動(dòng)：In order to fool people

17、cheaps and swindlers will make such bricks out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold.被動(dòng)：Such bricks will be made out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold by cheaps and swindlers.設(shè)法騙錢的商人和騙子們將通過(guò)把"鉛磚"外面鍍上一層金來(lái)做這樣的"金磚"。主動(dòng)：They will ask you a lot of str

18、ange questions.被動(dòng): You will be asked a lot of strange questions.他們將問(wèn)你許多怪題。被動(dòng)句中的by引出的賓語(yǔ)，一般說(shuō)來(lái)，如果是人稱代詞你、我、他等，均可省略，someone no one不由by來(lái)引出。如果是名詞不能省略，但當(dāng)今英語(yǔ)也都可省略了。主動(dòng)：The Chinese people will make more space explorations in the future.被動(dòng)：More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people

19、.中國(guó)人民在將來(lái)將進(jìn)行更多的空間探索。同樣After a period of use, the batteries should be changed. 電池使用一段時(shí)間后，應(yīng)該更換。Usually, the electricity is on for 24 hours. But tomorrow it will be cut off in the font id=Mark style="COLOR: blue; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ccffff"day/font time. 通常是晝夜供電，明天白天將停電。More peaceful uses will

20、be found for nuclear explosives in the future. 在將來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的和平利用核爆炸的途徑。More hard work will be needed to make this wonder come true in a short time from now. 從現(xiàn)在起要使這些奇跡在短時(shí)間內(nèi)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)還需要做更多的艱苦工作。e true 使成為事實(shí); come true做賓補(bǔ)(見感使動(dòng)詞口訣)。The machine will not be used again. 這機(jī)器不能再用了。Will more gas be needed? 需要更多的煤氣嗎?但

21、如果是一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)如何處理呢？請(qǐng)記下面口訣：一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去某時(shí)將發(fā)生。主動(dòng)should (would) do，被動(dòng)be done代原形。將來(lái)進(jìn)行無(wú)被動(dòng)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行同。主動(dòng)：A few days ago we were still not quite sure whether we should carry out the new plan ahead of time.被動(dòng)：.whether the new plan would be carried out ahead of time.幾天前，我們還不能肯定能否提前執(zhí)行新的計(jì)劃。主動(dòng)：I did not say that we wou

22、ld change the equipment.被動(dòng)：I did not say that the equipment would be changed.我并沒(méi)說(shuō)過(guò)，我們將換掉那臺(tái)設(shè)備。主動(dòng)：My supervisor told me that he would give me a special tutorial a few days ago.被動(dòng)：My supervisor told me that a special tutorial would be given to me a few days ago.幾天前，我的導(dǎo)師說(shuō)他將對(duì)我進(jìn)行個(gè)別輔導(dǎo)。主動(dòng): I never thought t

23、hat be would bring me the information so early.被動(dòng)：I never thought that the information would be brought to me so early.我決沒(méi)想到他那么早就會(huì)把資料帶給我。將來(lái)進(jìn)行無(wú)被動(dòng)，shall (will) be doing,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行同have (has) been doing,即將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某個(gè)階段正在進(jìn)行'現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示某-行為發(fā)生在過(guò)去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要延續(xù)下去。兩種時(shí)態(tài)則不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例；We hope your comany will s

24、oon be sending an engineer over to check this equipment. (將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)) 我們希望貴公司早些派一名工程師來(lái)檢查這臺(tái)設(shè)備。In a ffew minutes our passenger plane will be flying in the stratosphere. (將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)) 幾分鐘后我們的客機(jī)將在同溫層中飛行。We hope scientists will be tapping new energy sources to meet the need for power. 我們希望科學(xué)家們將發(fā)掘新的能源來(lái)滿足能量的需要。(將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)

25、)What will you be doing this evening? 今晚你將做什么?（將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí))I have been living in Anshan Since 1980(現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)) 1980年以來(lái)，我一直住在鞍山。How long have you been studying English? 你學(xué)英語(yǔ)多久了?(現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí))We have been waiting at the airport for the font id=Mark style="COLOR: #ee6600; BACKGROUND-COLOR: yellow"whole/fon

26、t font id=Mark style="COLOR: blue; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ccffff"day/font because of the thick fog. 由于大霧，我們已經(jīng)在機(jī)場(chǎng)等了一整天了。 (現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí))Since then, applied mathematicians have been coping successfully with many problems in astronony. 從那時(shí)以來(lái)，應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)家成功地處理了許多天文學(xué)上的問(wèn)題。(現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí))以上均無(wú)被動(dòng)態(tài)?，F(xiàn)、過(guò)進(jìn)行be doing，被動(dòng)be加bein

27、g done即現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)都是be的人稱、時(shí)和數(shù)的形式加doing。而被動(dòng)態(tài)則是be加上being done的形式，being是不變的?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)態(tài)是被動(dòng)態(tài)個(gè)的重點(diǎn)，容易搞錯(cuò)。例如：主動(dòng)：The workers are repairing the main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute.被動(dòng)：The main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute is being repaired by the workers.工人們正在維修東北工學(xué)院主樓。T

28、wo reservoirs are being built at the same time. 兩座水庫(kù)同時(shí)建造。The nasty question is being considered by the committee members. 委員會(huì)的委員們正在考慮那個(gè)棘手的問(wèn)題，A cir(uit d朗i8ni 566inf m6J6bythetR8Incers工程師們正搞電路設(shè)計(jì)。Equipment and foodstuffs are being flown to the floodstricken areas. 設(shè)備和食品正在空運(yùn)到災(zāi)區(qū)。The buildong of another

29、fly-over is being planned. 他們?cè)谟?jì)劃修建另一座跨線橋。We coudld not get through because the February 19th Road was being repaired. 我們過(guò)不去，因二.一九路正維修呢。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語(yǔ)變。帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞等的被動(dòng)態(tài)如何處理比較復(fù)雜。要隨新的主語(yǔ)來(lái)變化，這些詞如can, could；will, would; shall, should; may, might; must; ought to; need需要；have to不得不；be going to; to be to; u

30、sed to; seem to; happen to等。例如：下回書接續(xù)！接上回書！主動(dòng): We must keep this in mind.被動(dòng)：This must be kept in mind.我們必須把這個(gè)記在心里。主動(dòng)：We can put the refrigerator in that place. (refrigerator=freezer.)被動(dòng)：The refrigerator can be put in that place.我們可以把電冰箱放在那個(gè)地方。主動(dòng)：We shall not use the washing machine again.被動(dòng)：The washi

31、ng machine will not be used again.我們不能再用那臺(tái)洗衣機(jī)了。 原來(lái)的謂語(yǔ)shall use被動(dòng)態(tài)中隨新主語(yǔ)變?yōu)閣ill主動(dòng): We shall take more measures to prevent corrosion.被動(dòng): More measures will be taken to prevent corrosion. (shall變will)我們將采取更多的措施來(lái)防止腐蝕。I ought to be criticized for it. 我應(yīng)該為此受到批評(píng).All this has to be solved with great care. 這一切

32、得認(rèn)真解決。The lobby is going to be rebuilt. 門廳將重建。The exhibition is to be opened tomorrow. 展覽會(huì)將明日開放。再如：主動(dòng)：We shall have to adopt a different attitude.被動(dòng)：A different attitude will have to be adopted.我們將不得不采取另一種態(tài)度.主動(dòng)：You are to leave the bag here.被動(dòng): The bag is to be left here. (are to隨新主語(yǔ)變?yōu)閕s to)你應(yīng)把包裹放在這

33、兒。主動(dòng)：They used to start these engines by hand.被動(dòng)：These engines used to be started by hand.過(guò)去他們用手啟動(dòng)馬達(dá)。主動(dòng): We are going to paint the wall green.被動(dòng)：The all is going to be painted green.我們打算把墻刷成綠色。主動(dòng)：You needn't type this letter.被動(dòng)：This letter need not be typed. (ought to, need是不變助動(dòng)詞)你不必把這封信打字。主動(dòng)：Jo

34、hn seems to like Mary very much.被動(dòng)：Mary seems to be liked very much by John.看來(lái)約翰非常喜歡瑪麗。主動(dòng)：The boy happened to meet her in the street.被動(dòng)：She happened to be met in the street by the boy.這個(gè)男孩碰巧在街上遇到了她。主動(dòng)：It must have disappointed him terribly that people told him they didn't want him.被動(dòng)：He must hav

35、e been terribly disappointed to be told he was't wanted.人們告訴他，他們不需要他，這一定已經(jīng)使得他特別失望.主動(dòng)：You should bear in mind that he wasn't present.被動(dòng): That he wasn't present should be borne in mind.或It should be borne in mind that he wasn't present.你應(yīng)記住他未出席。主動(dòng)：You should have taken those books back

36、 to the library.被動(dòng)：Those books should have been taken back to the library.你本該把這些書帶回圖書館去。主動(dòng)：They may have left it in the sun.被動(dòng)：It may have been left in the sun.他們可能已把它放在陽(yáng)光下了。may加不定式的完成體或完成進(jìn)行體表示"可能"，主要用于肯定句，決不能用在疑問(wèn)句中。而can與不定式的完成體或完成進(jìn)行體連用表示"可能"，只用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，不用于肯定句。但如果can或may的過(guò)去式即could與might與不定式完成體或完成進(jìn)行體搭配時(shí)，可用于各種結(jié)構(gòu)?？希?，陳，疑均可。It can