高中名詞講解PPT精選文檔

1、.1.2名詞可以分為名詞可以分為_（Proper Nouns）和）和 _ (Common Nouns),常見的專有名詞有常見的專有名詞有：_ : China, Japan, England, Cuba, Australia, Brazil, France；_: Zhou Enlai, Jim, New York, Shanghai_: Chinese, Japanese, English, French_: the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Palace of Museum; the Peoples Hospital。注意：專有名詞的中心詞的第一個字

2、母要大寫。注意：專有名詞的中心詞的第一個字母要大寫。名詞的分類名詞的分類國家名稱國家名稱人名人名/地名地名語言語言由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞專有名詞專有名詞普通名詞普通名詞.3普通名詞可分為下面四類：普通名詞可分為下面四類：（1）_（Individual Nouns）：表示某類）：表示某類人或東西中的個體，如：人或東西中的個體，如：pen, student, desk。（2）_（Collective Nouns）：表示若干）：表示若干個個體組成的集合體，如：個個體組成的集合體，如：family, class, people（3）_（Material Nouns）：表示無法

3、分）：表示無法分為個體的實物，如：為個體的實物，如：air, water, paper。（4）_（Abstract Nouns）：表示動作、）：表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念，如：狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念，如：dancing, work, modesty, happiness, time。個體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來計算，稱為個體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來計算，稱為可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞（Countable Nouns），），物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一般無法物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一般無法用數(shù)目計算，稱為用數(shù)目計算，稱為不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞（Uncountable Nouns）。）。個體名詞個體名詞集

4、體名詞集體名詞物質(zhì)名詞物質(zhì)名詞抽象名詞抽象名詞.4類別類別用法用法例詞例詞普普通通名名詞詞 表示某類人或東西中表示某類人或東西中的個體的個體pen, student, desk表示若干個個體組成表示若干個個體組成的集合體的集合體school, family, class 表示無法分為個體的表示無法分為個體的實物實物tea, water, paper表示動作、狀態(tài)、品表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念work, time, happiness專專有有名名詞詞某個（些）人，地方，某個（些）人，地方，機構(gòu)等專有的名稱機構(gòu)等專有的名稱Marx, Shanghai, China, T

5、he Great Wall可數(shù)可數(shù) 名詞名詞不可數(shù)不可數(shù) 名詞名詞個體個體名詞名詞集體集體名詞名詞物質(zhì)物質(zhì)名詞名詞抽象抽象名詞名詞progress ,knowledge, population,advice, noise, furniture.6名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的一些特殊情況名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的一些特殊情況考點一考點一.7.81.1.單復(fù)同形：單復(fù)同形： deer, sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese, SwissSwiss，meansmeans，seriesseries，species species 2

6、.2.形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但實際上是單數(shù)的詞：形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但實際上是單數(shù)的詞： ( (它們作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)它們作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)) ) maths/ math, politics, physics, news maths/ math, politics, physics, news3.3.形式上為單數(shù)，實際上是復(fù)數(shù)的詞：形式上為單數(shù)，實際上是復(fù)數(shù)的詞：( (集體名詞集體名詞) )police, cattle, audience, crew, crowd, police, cattle, audience, crew, crowd, committeecommittee，peoplepeopl

7、e4.4.常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞：常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞： glassglasseses, trouser, trousers s, jean, jeans s, sock, socks s, , stockingstockings s, scissor, scissors s, compass, compasseses, , cross-roadcross-roads s.95.5.復(fù)數(shù)不規(guī)則變化的名詞：復(fù)數(shù)不規(guī)則變化的名詞： child- child- ox- ox- mouse- mouse- f foooot-t- t tooooth-th- g goooose-se-childchi

8、ldrenrenmicemicef feeeet tt teeeeththg geeeeseseoxoxenen.10 man- _ woman- _Englishman- _ (合成詞合成詞)German- _ (非合成詞非合成詞)menwomenEnglishmenGermans.116.以以o結(jié)尾的名詞：結(jié)尾的名詞：O前為輔音字母時，加前為輔音字母時，加 - es potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes negro-negroes hero-heroes echo-echoes 注意：注意：photo (photograph)-photos kilo (kilog

9、ram)-kilos piano(外來詞外來詞)-pianos1) 黑人吃土豆，黑人吃土豆，英雄吃番茄。英雄吃番茄。兩菜兩人一回聲兩菜兩人一回聲.122) O前為元音字母時，加前為元音字母時，加 s radio-radios zoo-zoos kangaroo-kangaroos bamboo-bamboos studio-studios注意：注意：cargo-cargoes / cargos(貨物貨物)motto-mottoes / mottos (座右銘座右銘,格言格言)volcano-volcanoes / volcanoszero-zeroes / zerosmosquito-mosq

10、uitoes/ mosquitosrhino-rhinoes/ rhinos.137.以以f 或或 fe結(jié)尾的名詞：結(jié)尾的名詞：規(guī)則規(guī)則: (變變f 或或 fe為為-ves) thief-thieves wife-wives knife-knives wolf-wolves half-halves leaf-leaves shelf-shelves (life-lives) 小偷小偷的的妻子妻子用用刀刀把把狼狼砍砍成幾成幾半半，并用并用樹葉樹葉將將其蓋在其蓋在書架書架后面。后面。.14特殊特殊(直接加直接加 -s)belief - beliefs chief -chiefsgrief - gr

11、iefsgulf -gulfsroof - roofsproof -proofssafe -safes( (信念信念) )( (首領(lǐng)首領(lǐng)) )( (悲傷悲傷) )( (海灣海灣) )( (屋頂屋頂) )( (證據(jù)證據(jù)) )( (保險柜保險柜) ).151.girlfriend- 1.girlfriend- 2.grandchild-2.grandchild-3.passer-by-3.passer-by-4.looker-on- 4.looker-on- 5.stander-by-5.stander-by-6.mother-in-law-6.mother-in-law-7.grown-up-7

12、.grown-up-8.go-between-8.go-between-passerpassers s-by-by looker lookers-s-ononstanderstanders s-by-bymothermothers s-in-law-in-lawgrown-upgrown-ups sgo-betweengo-betweens s過路人過路人旁觀者旁觀者旁觀者旁觀者中間人中間人.16.179.9.單復(fù)數(shù)形式意思極不相同的名詞：單復(fù)數(shù)形式意思極不相同的名詞： good-goodsgood-goods water-waters water-waters sand-sands sand

13、-sands wood-woods wood-woods work-works work-works time-times time-times green-greens green-greens manner-manners manner-manners custom-customs custom-customs fish-fishes fish-fishesvalue- value- values values ( (價值觀價值觀) )force-force-forcesforces( (軍隊軍隊) )arm-arm-armsarms( (武器武器, ,戰(zhàn)爭戰(zhàn)爭) )貨物貨物水域水域沙灘沙

14、灘樹林樹林著作著作時代時代蔬菜蔬菜禮貌禮貌關(guān)稅關(guān)稅各種魚各種魚.18 注：注：.19Exercises：（：（名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)）. Write down the plural forms.mouth stomach monkey factoryhalf beliefGerman man teacherFrenchmanmouths monkeyshalves Germans men teachers Frenchmenstomachs factories beliefs.20修飾可數(shù)名詞的常用修飾語有these, those, few, a few, many, a good grea

15、t many, a great good number of 等：Few people would agree with this. 很少人會同意這種看法。He has a great many friends here. 他在這兒有很多朋友。.21修飾不可數(shù)名詞的常用修飾語有this, that, little, a little, a bit of, much, a great deal of, a large amount of 等：I have little time to do it. 我沒什么時間來做此事。He didnt give me much money. 他沒給我很多錢。A

16、 great deal of money is spent on research. 研究工作上花了許多錢。.22既可修飾可數(shù)名詞也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞，如all, some, enough, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a (large) quantity of 等：You neednt hurry. Theres plenty of time. 你不必著急。時間多著哩。There are plenty of men out of work. 失業(yè)的人很多。We need a quantity of baskets. 我們需要一批籃子。He put a small

17、 quantity of sugar in the milk. 他在牛奶中放了少量的糖。.23名詞的所有格名詞的所有格考點二考點二.241.1.名詞所有格的形式：名詞所有格的形式： 1) 1) 單數(shù)名詞直接在其后加單數(shù)名詞直接在其后加 湯姆的帽子湯姆的帽子 2) 2) 復(fù)數(shù)名詞則先加復(fù)數(shù)名詞則先加s s再加一撇再加一撇 十分鐘的行程十分鐘的行程 教師節(jié)教師節(jié) 注意注意: : 不是以不是以s s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞還是直接在結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞還是直接在其后加其后加 ss(s)(s)ssToms capToms capten minutes walkten minutes walkTeachers Day

18、Teachers Day Childrens DayChildrens Day.252 2、有生命的名詞，一般在名詞后加、有生命的名詞，一般在名詞后加 s s（表示時間、距離、金額、重量、機構(gòu)、城市或（表示時間、距離、金額、重量、機構(gòu)、城市或國家的名詞也可以直接加國家的名詞也可以直接加s s）1 1）他媽媽的朋友）他媽媽的朋友2 2）狗的名字）狗的名字 3 3）羅定的氣候）羅定的氣候 3 3、無生命的事物，一般借用、無生命的事物，一般借用 of of the window of our classroomthe window of our classroomthe name of the vi

19、llagethe name of the villagehis mothers friendhis mothers friendthe dogs namethe dogs nameLuodings climateLuodings climate3 3）我們課室的窗戶）我們課室的窗戶4 4）村莊的名字）村莊的名字.264. 表示表示“某人家某人家”、“店鋪店鋪”的名詞所的名詞所有格，一般省略后面的的名詞。有格，一般省略后面的的名詞。at Mr Greensat my unclesat the tailorsat the barbersat the doctors在格林先生家在格林先生家在我叔叔家

20、在我叔叔家在裁縫店在裁縫店在理發(fā)店在理發(fā)店在肉店在肉店在診所在診所at the butchers / clinic.275.雙重所有格雙重所有格 1) a friend of mine 限定詞（限定詞（a/some/many/such/this/every等）等）+名詞名詞+ of +名詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞= one of my friends= one of Toms friends2) a friend of Toms 限定詞限定詞 +名詞名詞+ of +名詞所有格名詞所有格Johns uncle has many friends. Mr. Brown is a friend of

21、_.A. Johns uncle B. John unclesC. Johns uncles D. John uncle.28ExercisesExercisesTom s bookmy friend s uncletodays newspaperten minutes walkthree hundred yuans skirtthe schools historyChinas populationTeachers Daytwo weeks holidayChildren s Daymen s shoes房子的屋頂房子的屋頂這篇文章的題目這篇文章的題目這本書的作者這本書的作者the color

22、 of the wallthe cover of the bookthe roof of the housethe title of this textthe writer of this bookat my aunts (home)in the teachers (office)the cats name / the name of the cat some photos of Marys three classmates of my brothers.31完成句子：完成句子：1、瑪麗的書包和露絲的書包放在椅子上。、瑪麗的書包和露絲的書包放在椅子上。 _ are on the chair.2

23、、瑪麗和露絲的房間在二樓。、瑪麗和露絲的房間在二樓。 _ is on the second floor.3、她父母親的一個朋友是農(nóng)民。、她父母親的一個朋友是農(nóng)民。 _ is a farmer.4、步行二十分鐘的路程不很遠(yuǎn)。、步行二十分鐘的路程不很遠(yuǎn)。 _ is not very far.Marys and Lucys bagsMary and Lucys roomA friend of her parentsTwenty minutes walk.32D_ is the twelfth month in a year.Canada belongs to N_ America._(教授教授) S

24、mith will give a lecture on how to prevent cancer.We students usually dont have classes on S_ and Sunday.His son was admitted to Peking U_, which they took pride in.ecemberorthProfessoraturdayniversity要點：專有名詞大寫開頭要點：專有名詞大寫開頭.33 The new apartment is in room 302,entrance 1, building 49, the century gar

25、den. The students of senior three of (from) xinguang middle school will go to the first peoples hospital to have a physical examination on saturday, september 9th.Room 302,Entrance 1, Building 49, the Century GardenThe students of Senior Three of (from) Xinguang Middle School will go to the First Pe

26、oples Hospital to have a physical examination on Saturday, September 9th.341. The cat is sitting on my_ . (bed/beds)2. There are five _ on my desk. (pencil/pencils)3. I have got two _. (sister/sisters)4. They are riding their_ . (bike/bikes)5. We have got a_ . (dog/dogs)6. How many _have you got in

27、your bag? (book/books)7. My mother has got a new_ . (computer/computers) 8. There are three windows in the_ . (room/rooms)9. Susan has got four _. (poster/posters)10. There is one_ on the floor. (pen/pens)pen.35.Fill in the blanks.1.The (roof) of the houses were covered with (leaf).2.There are three

28、 ( woman doctor) and four (girl) nurses in the team.3.Id like (chicken) rather than (fish) for supper.4. My family raise a lot of (cattle), including two (cow).5. Sister Mary works in a (shoe) factory.roofsleaveswomen doctorsgirlchickenfishcattlecowsshoe.36Translation.1 1、三塊面包、三塊面包、四杯水、四杯水、三杯咖啡、三杯咖啡4 4、咖啡杯、咖啡杯、所得稅、所得稅、你喜歡哪一樣，馬鈴薯還是西紅柿？、你喜歡哪一樣，馬鈴薯還