名詞性從句總結(jié)Document

1、名詞性從句一在復合句中起名詞作用的從句叫作名詞性從句。它包括主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句和表語從句。名詞性從句是英語中的一個重要語法項目，在歷年的高考中幾乎都涉及到。引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連接詞that，whether，if(不充當從句的任何成分)；連接代詞what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which；連接副詞when，where，how，why。 主語從句1. what 與that 在引導主語從句時的區(qū)別 what 引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句子成分，如主語賓語表語，而that 則不然。例如： a) What you said ye

2、sterday is right. b) That she is still alive is a consolation2. 用it 作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)(1) It is 名詞 從句 It is a fact that 事實是 It is an honor that 非常榮幸 It is common knowledge that 是常識(2) It is 形容詞 從句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物動詞 從句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears

3、that 似乎(4) It 過去分詞 從句 It is reported that 據(jù)報道 It has been proved that 已證實 It is said that 據(jù)說主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。3. It 作形式主語和it引導強調(diào)句的比較It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導的強調(diào)句則是對句子某一部分進行強調(diào)，無論強調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強調(diào)部分指人時也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you di

4、dnt go to see the film. 你不去看那場電影真可惜。 b) It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.我對你成功與否不感興趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.謀殺案是在早上發(fā)生的。（強調(diào)句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗戶。（強調(diào)句型）4. 主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況：（1）if 引導的主語從句不可居于復合句句首。（2）It is said /reported結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提

5、前。例如： 正確表達：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 錯誤表達：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如： 正確表達：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 錯誤表達：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It

6、 doesnt matter how/whether 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如： 正確表達：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. 錯誤表達：Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. （5）含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前。例如： 正確表達：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 錯誤表達：Is that will rain in the evening likely?5.?？伎键c ：從句作主語時的謂語動詞形式 主語從句作主語相當

7、于第三人稱單數(shù)作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果由and連接兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)；由兩個或多個連接詞引導一個主語從句，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。用所給詞的適當形式填空：That the president is coming _(excite) all of us.How close parents are to their children _(have) a strong influence on their character.When and where the meeting will be held _(not decide) yet.【答案】exciteshasisn

8、't decided/hasn't been decided二賓語從句賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞 (及物動詞) 或介詞之后。1. 作動詞的賓語 (1) 由that引導的賓語從句(that 通?？梢允÷?, 例如： I heard that be joined the army. 我聽說他參軍了。 (2) 由what, whether (if) 引導的賓語從句，例如： a) She did not know what had happened.她不知道發(fā)生了什么。 b) I wonder whether you can change this

9、note for me.我想知道你是否能幫我改一下筆記。 (3) 動詞間接賓語賓語從句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.她對我說她會接受我的邀請。2. 作介詞的賓語，例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我們的成功取決于我們之間的合作。3. 作形容詞的賓語，例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.我恐怕我已經(jīng)犯了一個錯誤。注意：that 引導的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：a

10、nxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以將此類詞后的that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。4. it 可以作為形式賓語 it 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。 例如： We heard it that she w

11、ould get married next month. 我聽說她下個朋就會結(jié)婚了。5. 后邊不能直接跟that 從句的動詞 這類動詞有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導的賓語從句。如： 正確表達：I admire their winning the match. 錯誤表達：I admire that they won the match.6. 不可用that從句作

12、直接賓語的動詞 有些動詞不可用于“動詞間接賓語that從句“結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如： 正確表達：He impressed the manager as an honest man. 錯誤表達：He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.7. 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移 若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, g

13、uess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如： I dont think this dress fits you well. 我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。8常考考點:賓語從句的時態(tài)和語序 賓語從句中的時態(tài)要注意呼應。當主句中的謂語是現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同的時態(tài)。當主句中的謂語是過去時態(tài)，從句則要用相應的過去時態(tài)(如一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時等)；當從句表示的是客觀真理、科學真理、自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。賓語從句語序要用陳述語序(what is/was the matter除外)。The pho

14、tographs will show you _A. what does our village look likeB. what our village looks likeC. how does our village look likeD. how our village looks likeSomeone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _A. who is heB. who he isC. who is itD. who it isHello，I didn't know you _(be) in London. How long hav

15、e you been here?I thought he _(be) coming tomorrow.The teacher told us that light _(travel) at a very high speed.【答案】BDwerewastravels三. 表語從句表語從句在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語連系動詞表語從句”。可以接表語從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。引導表語從句的that常可省略。另外，常用的還有the reason is that 和It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1) The questi

16、on is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we cant get the support of the people.3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.?？伎键c：表語從句中的常見句型 常用的句型有：The reason is that.；It is becau

17、se.；That's why.；That's where.。完成下列句子：The reason _ he is absent from school is _ he is ill.He is ill. That's _ he is absent from school.He is absent from school. That's _ he is ill.The reason _ he gave was _ he was caught in the traffic jam.That's _ I disagree/the problem lies/I h

18、ave doubt/you are mistaken.That's _ I disagree about/the problem lies in/I have doubt about/you are mistaken about.【答案】why；that；why；becausewhich；that/不填 where；what四. 同位語從句同位語從句就是在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。1. 同位語從句的功能 同位語從句對于名詞進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導，例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be

19、 set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位語在句子中的位置 同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別(1) 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時以在從句中作某個成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起

20、連接主句與從句的作用，不充當句中任何成分。(2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個that引導的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）完成下列句

21、子：The news _ he told us excited us.The news _ our team won the game excited us.The fact _ he collected was surprising.The fact _ he said nothing was surprising.There is a chance/possibility _ he will lose the game._ are that he will lose the game.Information has been put forward _ more middle school

22、 graduates will be admitted into universities.【答案】that/which/不填；thatthat/which/不填；thatthat；Chancesthatwhether和if的區(qū)別以及whether和that的區(qū)別 1. if和whether都可譯為“是否”，兩者引導賓語從句時通常可以互相替換。而以下幾種情況中，只能用whether，不能用if：強調(diào)兩方面的選擇，特別是句中有or not時。如：Let me know whether you can come or not.賓語從句前置時。如：Whether this is true，I can

23、't say.引導主語、表語、同位語從句時。如：Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather. (主語從句)The question is whether he can do it. (表語從句)The question whether we should go with them must be decided at once. (同位語從句)在介詞之后作賓語時。如：I haven't settled the question of whether I'll go back home.W

24、hether we will go there depends on whether it is going to rain.在不定式前與不定式一起組成短語時。如：Whether to go or stay is still a question.注if可以引導條件狀語從句，有“假如；如果”之意，而whether可以引導讓步狀語從句，有“不管；無論” 之意。如：If you ask him，he will help you.Whether he comes or not，we will begin our party on time.2. whether和that的區(qū)別：that表示事實，而w

25、hether 表示疑問。完成下列句子：_ they are twins is clear._ they are twins is not clear.There is a question/an argument _ we have enough time to do it.The problem is _ he is poor at English. The problem is _ he can improve his English. 【答案】That；Whetherwhetherthat；how/whether“疑問詞ever”和“no matter疑問詞”的區(qū)別 “疑問詞ever”既

26、可引導名詞性從句，在主句中充當一定的成分，又可以引導讓步狀語從句；但是“no matter疑問詞”只能引導讓步狀語從句。完成下列句子：_ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights._ leaves the room last，he ought to turn off the lights.He wouldn't listen to _ I said._ I said，he wouldn't listen to me.Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interest._ comes，you mustn't open the door. As many as five courses are provided, and you are fr