數(shù)組及運(yùn)算課時(shí)PPT學(xué)習(xí)教案

1、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1數(shù)組及運(yùn)算課時(shí)數(shù)組及運(yùn)算課時(shí)Matlab及其應(yīng)用2第1頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用3第2頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用4第3頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用5xxey10 xx為一維數(shù)組涉及數(shù)組的運(yùn)算為“點(diǎn)運(yùn)算”第4頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用6第5頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用7%This segment demonstrate the creation of 1-D numerical arraya=2 pi/2 sqrt(3) 3+5ib=0:2:20c=2:12d=0:1.5:10e=linspace(1.1,9.6,12)f=logspace(2,4,11)%Th

2、is segment demonstrate the access of 1-D numerical arrayx1=a(3)x2=a(1)/b(3)x3=c(2 4 6)x4=d(2:6)x5=e(10:-2:1)x6=e(find(e5)x7=f(1 3 5 7 8 6 4 2)%This segment demonstrate the assignment of 1-D numerical arrayx3(2)=0 x4(1 3 5)=0 0 0 x4(2 4)=0第6頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用8“邏輯1”標(biāo)識(shí)（確切說(shuō)不是標(biāo)識(shí)，而是邏輯數(shù)組應(yīng)用）n尋訪與賦值第7頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matl

3、ab及其應(yīng)用9%-Creation of the 2-D array-a=3;b=5;c=1 a a+b*i b;pi sin(pi) b*i id=c;e=c(:,1:2)+i*d(1:2,:)narr3; %call script M-file am%-Access of the 2-D array-f=am(2,3)g=am(2:4:16) %按行顯，按列存h=am(:,2)k=am(:)%-Assignment of the 2-D array-am(3,2)=0am(2 8 12)=0 0 0am(:)=0%-This is the scripts to create the 2-D

4、 array-am=1 2 3 4;5 6 7 8;9 10 11 12;13 14 15 16;第8頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用10第9頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用11第10頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用12 數(shù)組運(yùn)算 矩陣運(yùn)算 指令 含義 指令 含義 A. 非共軛轉(zhuǎn)置 A 共軛轉(zhuǎn)置 A.n A元素的n次冪 An 矩陣自乘n次 pAp為底A元素為冪 pA 標(biāo)量的A乘方 A./BA,B對(duì)應(yīng)元素除 A/B A右除B B.A 與上面等價(jià) BAA左除B，于上不同exp(A)e為底A元素為指數(shù)expm(A) A的矩陣指數(shù)函數(shù)log(A)A的元素求對(duì)數(shù)logm(A) A的矩陣對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)sqrt(

5、A)A元素求平方根sqrtm(A) A的陣平方根函數(shù) A#BA、B對(duì)應(yīng)元素間的關(guān)系運(yùn)算，#運(yùn)算符。 ABA、B對(duì)應(yīng)元素間的邏輯運(yùn)算，邏輯符。第11頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用13第12頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用14%-methods of diag-a=diag(2 3 4 5)b=diag(2 3,-1)x=diag(b)u=diag(b,-1)%-methods of eye-c=eye(3)d=eye(3,2)e=eye(size(a)%-methods of magic-f=magic(3)%-methods of ones-g=ones(3)h=ones(2,3)k=one

6、s(size(a)%-methods of zeros-l=zeros(3)m=zeros(2,3)n=zeros(size(a)%-methods of rand-%The rand function generates arrays of random % numbers whose elements are%uniformly distributed in the interval (0,1).o=rand(3)p=rand(3,4)q=rand(size(a)y = 10; z = 50;randnum = y + (z-y) * rand(5)%-methods of randn-%

7、The randn function generates arrays of % random numbers whose elements are %normally distributed with mean 0, variance and % standard deviation are 1.r=randn(3)s=randn(3,4)t=randn(size(a)第13頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用15A=reshape(1:9,3,3)A(5,5)=21A(:,6)=12A=A(:,1:6,1:6)B=ones(2,12)AB=A;BC=zeros(5,2)AC=A,C第14頁(yè)/共

8、36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用16 指令 含義 cat把大小相同的數(shù)組，按某一方向迭加為高維數(shù)組 diag提取對(duì)角線元素，或生成對(duì)角陣。 flipud以數(shù)組水平中線翻轉(zhuǎn)180 fliplr以數(shù)組垂直中線翻轉(zhuǎn)180 kron按 Kronecker 乘法產(chǎn)生 “積” 數(shù)組 repmat按指定行或列鋪放數(shù)組，以形成更大的數(shù)組 reshape在總元素不變的情況下，改變數(shù)組的大小 rot90逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)二維數(shù)組90 tril提取數(shù)組下三角部分，并生成下三角陣 triu提取數(shù)組上三角部分，并生成上角陣第15頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用17a=-4:4b=reshape(a,3,3)c=b+i*bd=be=c

9、f=flipud(b) %flip up and downg=fliplr(b) %flip left and righth=cat(1,f,g) %cat the f and g in the 1st dimension,Columnk=cat(2,f,g) %cat the f and g in the 2nd dimension,Rowl=cat(3,f,g) %cat the f and g in the 3rd dimension%K = kron(X,Y) returns the Kronecker tensor product of X and Y%If X is 2-by-3,

10、 then kron(X,Y) is % X(1,1)*Y X(1,2)*Y X(1,3)*Y% X(2,1)*Y X(2,2)*Y X(2,3)*Y m=kron(d,g)n=kron(g,d)%B = repmat(A,m,n) creates a large matrix B consisting of an %m-by-n tiling of copies of Ap=repmat(b,2,2)第16頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用18第17頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用19t=-2*pi:pi/10:2*pi;y=sin(t)./t; %dot divide array opera

11、tion, view the creation of NaN at t=0z=(t=0) %view the creation of logical arraytt=t+z*eps; %eps is the machine zeroyy=sin(tt)./tt;subplot(1,2,1),plot(t,y,r),axis(-7,7,-0.5,1.2),xlabel(t),ylabel=(y),title(figure with flaw)subplot(1,2,2),plot(tt,yy,b),axis(-7,7,-0.5,1.2),xlabel(tt),ylabel=(yy),title(

12、normal figure )r=randn(3,6)logic=abs(r)1.5r(logic)=0s=(find(r=0)r(s)=11i,j=find(r=11);disp(i),disp(j)第18頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用20t=linspace(0,3*pi,500);y=sin(t); %生成正弦波z1=(t2*pi).*y; %對(duì)t在（0，pi）和（2*pi，3*pi）范圍進(jìn)行數(shù)組運(yùn)算，其余為0w=(tpi/3 & t7*pi/3 & t8*pi/3); %取(pi/3，2*pi/3)和(7*pi/3 ， 8*pi/3)范圍wn=w; %對(duì)w作 非 邏輯

13、運(yùn)算z2=w*sin(pi/3)+wn.*z1; %對(duì)正弦波削頂subplot(1,3,1),plot(t,y,r,LineWidth,3),ylabel(y)subplot(1,3,2),plot(t,z1,b,LineWidth,3),axis(0 10 -1 1)subplot(1,3,3),plot(t,z2,g,LineWidth,3),axis(0 10 -1 1)第19頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用21函函 數(shù)數(shù)功功 能能all如果所有的元素都是非零值，返回如果所有的元素都是非零值，返回1；否則，返回；否則，返回0。any如果有一個(gè)元素為非零值，那么返回如果有一個(gè)元素為非零值，

14、那么返回1；否則，返回；否則，返回0isempty判斷是否空矩陣判斷是否空矩陣isequal判斷兩矩陣是否相同判斷兩矩陣是否相同isreal判斷是否是實(shí)矩陣判斷是否是實(shí)矩陣find返回一個(gè)由非零元素的下標(biāo)組成的向量返回一個(gè)由非零元素的下標(biāo)組成的向量isfinite判斷各元素是否有限數(shù)判斷各元素是否有限數(shù)isinf判斷各元素是否無(wú)窮大判斷各元素是否無(wú)窮大isletter判斷各元素是否字符判斷各元素是否字符isnan判斷各元素是否判斷各元素是否“非數(shù)非數(shù)”isprime判斷各元素是否質(zhì)數(shù)判斷各元素是否質(zhì)數(shù)isspace判斷各元素是否空格判斷各元素是否空格第20頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用22第

15、21頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用23空數(shù)組用途：A=reshape(-4:5,2,5)A(:,2,4)=第22頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用24第23頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用25第24頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用26a=123.45; %a is a numerical numberb=123.45; %b is a character arrayc=Matlab programming;whoscfirst=c(1:6) %get the ahead 6 bits of ccinvert=c(end:-1:1) %invert the character of cc(1:6

16、)= c/c+ %assignment of the first 6 bits of cd=and ;e=Matlab ,d,c(1:6),c(7:end) %combination into a new character arrayf=Marys score of ,c, is exelent %the in character is expressed by g=double(f) %convert character array into ASCII(integer)h=char(g) %convert the integer into character array第25頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)

17、Matlab及其應(yīng)用27第26頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用28clear a=2;w=3;t=0:0.01:10;y=exp(-a*t).*sin(w*t); %calculate the functionymax,imax=max(y); %get the maximum value and index of yttext=t=,num2str(t(imax); %function of num2strytext=y=,num2str(ymax);maxtext=char(maximum:, ttext,ytext) %char transfer into a character arr

18、aytit=y=exp(-,num2str(a),t)*sin(,num2str(w),t);plot(t,zeros(size(t),k) %plot a base line at y=0hold onplot(t,y,b,LineWidth,2) %plot the functionplot(t(imax),ymax,r.,MarkerSize,30) %plot the markertext(t(imax)+0.3,ymax+0.05,maxtext) %output the texttitle(tit),xlabel(t),ylabel(y),hold off第27頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matl

19、ab及其應(yīng)用29第28頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用30第29頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用31第30頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用32cstr=char(元胞數(shù)組示例,第一個(gè)元胞（cell）為字符串); %define cstr as a character arrayrnum=reshape(1:9,3,3); %create a 3x3 numerical arrayiconst=1+2i; %iconst is a imaginary constsymfun=sym(sin(-3*t)*exp(-t); %define a symbolic functionCelary1=cst

20、r rnum;iconst symfun %define the four different variables as a cell arrayCelary21,1=cstr; %another methods for the cell array definitionCelary21,2=iconst;Celary22,1=rnum;Celary22,2=symfun;Celary2 %display the cell arrayCelary3=Celary1 Celary2 %column expansion of cell arrayCelary4=Celary1;Celary2 %l

21、ine expansion of cell arrayCelary3(2,:)= %delete the line #2 of the cell arrayCelary3=reshape(Celary3,2,2) %reshape the cell arraycellplot(Celary4,legend) %plot the cell array as a figuretype=Celary4(3,1) %get the 3,1 of the cell arrayCelary43,1=12.36 %make the content of 3,1 in the cell array into

22、12.36item1 item2 item3=deal(Celary42 3 4) %deal function; access cell array with , %item1,item2,item3=deal(Celary42,3,4) is the same as the above line 第31頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用33第32頁(yè)/共36頁(yè)Matlab及其應(yīng)用34= No.1 house;gh.vol=2000 square meters;gh.para.temp=31.2 30.4 31.6 28.7;29.7 31.1 30.9 29.6;gh.para.humid=62.