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1、英文數(shù)字表達(dá)方式EXPRESSION OF NUMBER / FIGURE INTABLE OF CONTENYS。一、小數(shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)二、 阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字與單詞數(shù)字三、數(shù)詞(主要分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩類)四、分?jǐn)?shù)五、數(shù)量表示法六、英語中時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法七、年月表示法八、加減乘除表示法 一、小數(shù)0.17 zero point one seven / point seventeen / zero point seventeen1/2 one half 1/3 one /a third3/4 three fourths7'2/ 5seven and two fifths1. 小數(shù)用基數(shù)詞來表示,以小數(shù)

2、點(diǎn)為界,小數(shù)點(diǎn)左首的數(shù)字為一個(gè)單位,表示整數(shù),數(shù)字合起來讀;小數(shù)點(diǎn)右首的數(shù)字為一個(gè)單位,表示小數(shù),數(shù)字分開來讀;小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作 point,o讀作 zero或oou,整數(shù)部分為零時(shí),可以省略不讀。0.4 zero point four或point four 零點(diǎn)四10.23 ten point two three 十點(diǎn)二三25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五點(diǎn)六七l.03 one point o three 一點(diǎn)零三2. 當(dāng)數(shù)字值大于1時(shí),小數(shù)后面的名詞用復(fù)數(shù),數(shù)字值小于1時(shí),小數(shù)后面的名詞用單數(shù)。1.03 meters 一點(diǎn)零三米 0.49 ton 零點(diǎn)四九

3、噸l.5 tons 一點(diǎn)五噸 百分?jǐn)?shù)用基數(shù)percent表示50 fifty percent百分之五十3 three percent百分之三0.12 zero point one two percent 百分之零點(diǎn)一二 這里的percent前半部per表示“每一”,cent這一后半部分表示“百”,所以百分之幾中percent不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。二、 阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字與單詞數(shù)字(1)1至10用單詞表示,10以上的數(shù)目用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字(也有的以100為界限),這條原則值得我們行文時(shí)借鑒。例. That table measures ten feet by five. 那個(gè)工作臺(tái)長(zhǎng)10英尺,寬5英尺。例. The

4、traditional pattern of classroom experience at the college level brings the professor and a group of 20 to 30 students together for a 45-to-50-minute class session two or three times a week.由一個(gè)教授和十名學(xué)生每周會(huì)晤兩三次,每次授課時(shí)間45到50分鐘,是大學(xué)程度課堂教學(xué)的傳統(tǒng)方式。人數(shù)用阿技伯?dāng)?shù)字表示顯得更簡(jiǎn)潔明了,但不定數(shù)量、近似值用單詞表示較恰當(dāng)。例. There are 203817 voters

5、on the electoral rolls.選舉名單上有203817個(gè)投票人。例. Nearly thirty thousand voters took part in this election. 近3萬個(gè)投票人參加了這次選舉。 (2)句首不用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字,句末要盡量避免用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字。例. 4th July is an important date in American history.應(yīng)該寫成The fourth of July.例. 19 couples took part in the ballroom dancing competition. 19對(duì)選手參加了交際舞比賽。應(yīng)改寫成:

6、Nineteen couples took.例. 60profit was a reported. 據(jù)報(bào)道有60的利潤(rùn)。 應(yīng)改寫成:Sixty per cent profit例. 1345 kilograms force was applied at the center point of the bar. 試驗(yàn)時(shí)在桿的中點(diǎn)加1345公斤力。 可改成When tested, a force of l345 kg was applied.遇到日期、百分比、帶單位的特殊數(shù)字,通常用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字。例. Maximum swivel of table is l20. 工作臺(tái)的最大回轉(zhuǎn)角度是120度。例.

7、 3rd March l991或3 March l991; a discount of 5 percent(5%的折扣);例. purchased 7 yards of carpet(買7碼地毯);例. ordered 2 pounds of minced steak(訂購(gòu)2磅剁碎的肉)。如果涉及的數(shù)目和單位是不定數(shù),可用單詞表示。例. about five miles per hour(每小時(shí)大約5英里)例. at least ten yards away(至少有10碼遠(yuǎn))例. hesitated for a moment or two(猶豫了片刻)例. I have warned you

8、a hundred times(我已經(jīng)警告你多少遍了)。 在合同技術(shù)附件中,數(shù)字頻繁出現(xiàn),用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字比用單詞陳述更有利。例. The new engine has a capacity of 4.3 litres and a power out-put of 153 kilowatts at 4400 revolutions per minute.這臺(tái)新發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的容積為4.3升,轉(zhuǎn)速為每分鐘4400轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)輸出功率是153千瓦。例. We know that the weight of a cubic foot of air at 0oC and 76cm,pressure is 0.08l po

9、und, or 12 cubic feet of air weigh a pound.我們知道,1立方英尺的空氣在0攝氏度和760毫米汞柱壓力下,重量是0.81磅,也就是說12立方英尺空氣的重量是1磅。 (三)數(shù) 詞(主要分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩類)1. 基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞。其形式如下:A從110one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,tenB從 1119eleven,twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen,eighteen, nineteen這里除 eleven,

10、twelve, thirteen, fifteen, eighteen為特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其個(gè)位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-teen構(gòu)成。C從 2199整數(shù)幾十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty為特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其個(gè)位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-ty構(gòu)成。表示幾十幾時(shí),在幾十和個(gè)位基數(shù)詞形式之間添加連字符“-”, 21 twenty-one 76 seventy-sixD百位數(shù)個(gè)數(shù)基數(shù)詞形式加“hundred”,表示幾百,在幾十幾與百位間加上and101 a hundr

11、ed and one320 three hundred and twenty648 six hundred and forty-eight 大于100的數(shù)字:101 one hundred and one200 two hundred998 nine hundred and ninety eight E千位數(shù)以上從數(shù)字的右端向左端數(shù)起,每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)逗號(hào)“,”。從右開始,第一個(gè)“,”前的數(shù)字后添加 thousand,第二個(gè)“,”前面的數(shù)字后添加 million,第三個(gè)“,”前的數(shù)字后添加 billion。然后一節(jié)一節(jié)分別表示,兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間最大的數(shù)為百位數(shù)形式。2,648 two thousan

12、d six hundred and forty-eight16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four5,237,166,234 five billion,two hundred and thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,two hundred and thirty-four大于1000的數(shù)字:1001 a/one thousand (and) one2232 two thousand two hundred (and) th

13、irty two900,732,266,043nine hundred billion seven hundred thirty two million two hundred sixty six thousand and forty three英語中一千以上數(shù)字的表達(dá)方法是以三位數(shù)為單元,從高到低billion,million,thousand而依次讀出的。101 one hundred and one 156 one hundred and fifty-six 192 one hundred and ninty-two1,000 one thousand 1,001 one thousan

14、d and one 1,300 thirteen hundred(美式讀音); one thousand three hundred(英式讀音;千和百之間不用and)2,000 two thousand 2,034 two thousand and thirty-four6,502 six thousand five hundred and two 38,000 thirty-eight thousand45,672 forty-five thousand six hundred and seventy-two500,000 five hundred thousand1,000,000 one

15、 million3,123,400 three million, one hundred and twenty-three thousand and four hundred8,000,000 eight million47,000,000 forty-seven million900,000,000 nine hundred million1,000,000,000 a milliard, one milliard(美作:a billion, one billion)1,050,000,000 one billion and fifty million10,000,000,000 ten b

16、illion200,000,000,000 two hundred billion1,000,000,000,000 a trillion, one trillion6,000,000,000,000 six million million F基數(shù)詞在表示確切的數(shù)字時(shí),不能使用百、千、百萬、十億的復(fù)數(shù)形式;但是,當(dāng)基數(shù)詞表示不確切數(shù)字,如成百、成千上萬,三三兩兩時(shí),基數(shù)詞則以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。There are hundreds of people in the hall大廳里有數(shù)以百計(jì)的人。Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the M

17、useum ofQin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day每天有成千上萬的人來參觀秦兵馬涌博物館。They went to the theatre in twos and threes他們?nèi)齼蓛傻貋淼搅藙≡?。G表示人的不確切歲數(shù)或年代,用幾十的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示。He became a professor in his thirties他三十多歲時(shí)成為了教授。She died of lung cancer in forties她四十來歲時(shí)死于肺癌。It was in the 1960s那是在二十世紀(jì)六十年代。H基數(shù)詞的句法功能 基數(shù)詞在句中可作主語、

18、賓語、定語、表語、同位語。The two happily opened the box兩個(gè)人高興地打開了盒子。(作主語)I need three altogether我總共需要三個(gè)。(作賓語)Four students are playing volleyball outside四個(gè)學(xué)生在外面打排球。(作定語)We are sixteen我們是16個(gè)人。(作表語)They three tried to finish the task before sunset他們?nèi)齻€(gè)人盡力想在日落前完成任務(wù)(同位語) 2. 序數(shù)詞表示順序的詞稱為序數(shù)詞。序數(shù)詞的主要形式:A從第一至第十九其中,one firs

19、t, two second, three third, five fifth,eighteighth,nineninth,twelve twelfth為特殊形式,其它的序數(shù)詞都是由其相對(duì)應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞后面添加“th”構(gòu)成。例如: six sixth、nineteen nineteenthB從第二十至第九十九整數(shù)第幾十的形式由其對(duì)應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞改變結(jié)尾字母y為i,再加“eth”構(gòu)成。twentytwentieth thirtythirtieth表示第幾十幾時(shí),用幾十的基數(shù)詞形式加上連字符“”和個(gè)位序數(shù)詞形式一起表示。thirty-first 第三十一fifty-sixth 第五十六seventy-thi

20、rd 第七十三ninety-ninth 第九十九C第一百以上的多位序數(shù)詞由基數(shù)詞的形式變結(jié)尾部分為序數(shù)詞形式來表示。one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一one thousand,three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十D序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式有時(shí),序數(shù)詞可以用縮寫形式來表示。主要縮寫形式有。firstlst second2nd third3rdfourth4th sixth6th twentieth20thtwenty-third23rd其中l(wèi)st,2nd,3rd為特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上th。E序數(shù)詞的句法功能序數(shù)詞在句中

21、可作主語、賓語、定語和表語。The second is what I really need第二個(gè)是我真正需要的。(作主語)He choose the second他挑選了第二個(gè)。(作賓語)We are to carry out the first plan我們將執(zhí)行第一個(gè)計(jì)劃。(作定語)She is the second in our class在我們班她是第二名。(作表語)注:序數(shù)詞在使用時(shí),通常前面要加定冠詞 the;但是如果序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an時(shí),則表示“再”,“又”。We'll go over it a second time我們得再念第二遍。We've tr

22、ied it three timesMust we try it a fourth time?我們已經(jīng)試過三遍了,還必須試一次(第四次)嗎?另外,基數(shù)詞也可以表示順序。只需將基數(shù)詞放在它所修飾的名詞之后即可,不需要添加定冠詞。the first lessonLesson Onethe fifth pagePage 5(five)the twenty-first roomRoom 21(twenty-one) 序數(shù)詞first第一 second第二 third第三 fourth第四 fifth第五 sixth第六 seventh第七 eighth第八 ninth第九 tenth第十 eleven

23、th第十一 twelfth第十二thirteenth第十三 fourteenth第十四 fifteenth第十五 sixteenth第十六seventeenth第十七 eighteenth第十八 nineteenth第十九 twentieth第二十twenty-first第二十一 twenty-second第二十二 twenty-third第二十三 thirtieth第三十thirty-first第三十一 fortieth第四十 fiftieth第五十 sixtieth第六十 seventieth第七十 eightieth第八十 ninetieth第九十(one)hundredth第一百 (o

24、ne)hundred and first第一百零一hundred and thirty-fourth第一百三十四 two-hundredth第二百 three-hundredth第三百four-hundredth第四百 five-hundredth第五百 six-hundredth第六百seven-hundredth第七百 eight-hundredth第八百 nine-hundredth第九百(one)thousandth第一千 thousand and first第一千零一 two thousand and thirty-fourth第二千零三十四 ten thousandth第一萬(on

25、e)millionth第一百萬(美作:billionth) billionth第十億(美作:trillionth) 四、分?jǐn)?shù)1. 分?jǐn)?shù)是由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞一起來表示的?;鶖?shù)詞作分子,序數(shù)詞作分母,除了分子是“1”以外,其它情況下序數(shù)詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3/4 three fourths或 three quarters1/3 one third或a third24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths3 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter1/2 a half1/4 one quarter或a quarter1 1/2 o

26、ne and a half1 1/4 one and a quarter2. 當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)后面接名詞時(shí),如果分?jǐn)?shù)表示的值大于1,名詞用復(fù)數(shù);小于1,名詞用單數(shù)。1 1/2 hours 一個(gè)半小時(shí)(讀作 one and a half hours)2 3/4 meters 二又四分之三米(讀作two and three-fourths meters)4/5 meter 五分之四米5/6 inch 六分之五英寸分?jǐn)?shù)可用帶連字符號(hào)的單詞表示。例. At 1east two-thirds of the class have had colds. 這個(gè)班至少有三分之二的學(xué)生患重感冒。例. Nitrogen fo

27、rms about four-fifths of the atmosphere. 氮約占大氣的五分之四。3. 表示“n次方”的說法:指數(shù)用序數(shù)詞,底數(shù)用基數(shù)詞。10的7次方 the seventh power of ten(ten to the seventh power)6的10次方 the tenth power of six(six to the tenth power) 1/2 : one-half; a half1/3 : one-third3/4 : three-fourths1/5 : one-fifth2/5 : two-fifths7/8 : seven-eighths1/1

28、0 : one-tenth; a tenth1/100 : one-hundredth; one per cent1/1000 : one-thousandth1/10000 : one ten-thousandth2 1/2:two and one half; two and a half4 2/3:four and two-thirds100% : one hundred per cent0.5% : point five per cent0.46% : point four six per cent2.05 : two point nought five;two point O five

29、6.003 : six point nought nought three;six point O O three78.12 : seventy-eight point one two 五、數(shù)量表示法1. 表示長(zhǎng)、寬、高、面積等,用基數(shù)詞+單位詞(meter,foot,inch,kilogram等)+ 形容詞(long,wide,high等)表示,或者用基數(shù)詞+單位詞 + in + 名詞(length, width, height, weight等)表示。two meters long或 two meters in length 2米長(zhǎng)three feet high或 three feet i

30、n height 3英尺高four inches wide或 four inches in width 4英寸寬This box is 2 kilograms in weight這個(gè)盒子有兩千克重。The city wall of Xi'an is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high西安城墻是12米寬,12米高。2. 表示時(shí)間、距離時(shí),使用含數(shù)詞的名詞所有格形式作定語。five minutes' walk步行五分鐘(的距離)It's an hour's ride from my hometown to our university

31、從我的家鄉(xiāng)到我們大學(xué)是乘車一小時(shí)的路程。或:從我的家鄉(xiāng)到我們大學(xué)需要乘車一小時(shí)。It's three kilometers' distance from our campus to the Bell Tower.從我們校園到鐘樓有三公里遠(yuǎn)。3. 表示溫度時(shí),用below zero表示零下溫度,溫度用基數(shù)詞+d例ree(s)+單位詞(centigrade攝氏或Fahrenheit華氏)表示。thirty-six d例rees centigrade或 36 攝氏 36度four d例rees below zero centigrade或 -4 攝氏零下4度Water freezes

32、 at thirty-two d例rees Fahrenheit水在華氏三十二度時(shí)結(jié)冰。Water boils at one hundred d例rees centigrade水在攝氏一百度時(shí)沸騰。這里的單位詞在人們都很清楚是什么度量制度時(shí),可以省略。You are 37(讀作 thirty-seven d例rees)你是三十七度。(攝氏)It's seven d例rees below zero今天是零下七度。(攝氏)4. 由數(shù)詞和其他名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性短語作定語時(shí),其中的名詞用單數(shù)形式,名詞性短語中各部分間要用連字符“-”來連接。It's a five-minute walk

33、from the library to the playground從圖書館到操場(chǎng)需要走五分鐘。She's a sixteen-year-old girl她是個(gè)十六歲的女孩。5. 表示“比大(或)幾倍”的說法。This room is two times bigger than that one這個(gè)房間比那個(gè)(房間)大兩倍。The dictionary is four times thicker than that book這本詞典比那本書厚四倍。My age is two times older than his我的年齡比他大兩倍。 六、.英語中時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法1. 表示幾點(diǎn)鐘用基數(shù)詞

34、加可以省略的o'clock5:00 讀作 five o'clock 或 five2. 表示幾點(diǎn)過幾分,在分鐘后加past,再加小時(shí)five past seven 七點(diǎn)過五分half past six 六點(diǎn)半a quarter past eight 八點(diǎn)過一刻seven past eight 八點(diǎn)過七分 3. 表示幾點(diǎn)差幾分,在分鐘后面加to,再加小時(shí)ten to eight 差十分八點(diǎn)(七點(diǎn)五十分)a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二點(diǎn)(十一點(diǎn)四十五分)twenty to six 差二十分六點(diǎn)(五點(diǎn)四十分)在日常生活中,常用下列簡(jiǎn)單方法表示時(shí)間。以小時(shí)、分種為單位

35、分別讀出數(shù)字。6:31讀作 six thirty-one10:26讀作 ten twenty-six14:03 讀作 fourteen o three16:15 讀作 sixteen fifteen18:30 讀作 eighteen thirty23:55 讀作 twenty-three fifty-five注:時(shí)刻表上的時(shí)間大多采用24小時(shí)表示法,這樣就不需要用a.m.表示上午,p.m.表示下午了。英語中時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法主要有直接法和借用介詞法等。(1)直接法。上午八點(diǎn)eight AM (a.m.)ei em下午九點(diǎn)nine PM (p.m.)pi:em六點(diǎn)六分six six六點(diǎn)三十二six

36、thirty two八點(diǎn)正eight o'clock(2)借用介詞法。八點(diǎn)四十五a quarter to nine 七點(diǎn)零五分five past seven七點(diǎn)五十四six to eight 六點(diǎn)半half past six(3)表示正點(diǎn)的用法。十一點(diǎn)正at 11 o'clock sharp at 11 o'clock on the hour at 11 o'clock on the strike正午12點(diǎn)at noon午夜12點(diǎn)at midnight(注:12點(diǎn)22分可讀作:twelve twenty-two: twenty-two past twelve(英

37、式說法);twenty-two after twelve(美式說法)1點(diǎn)15可讀作:one fifteen; a quarter past one(英式說法):a quarter after one(美英說法)8點(diǎn)50分可讀作:eight fifty; ten to nine(英式說法);ten before nine(美式說法)1點(diǎn)40分可讀作:one forty; twenty to two(英式說法);twenty before two(美式說法)“提前半小時(shí)”可用:half an hour early; thirty minutes early; early by half an ho

38、ur; half an hour ahead of time; half an hour ahead of schedule等來表示。) 1. 表示幾點(diǎn)鐘用基數(shù)詞加可以省略的o'clock5:00 讀作 five o'clock 或 five2. 表示幾點(diǎn)過幾分,在分鐘后加past,再加小時(shí)five past seven 七點(diǎn)過五分half past six 六點(diǎn)半a quarter past eight 八點(diǎn)過一刻seven past eight 八點(diǎn)過七分 3. 表示幾點(diǎn)差幾分,在分鐘后面加to,再加小時(shí)ten to eight 差十分八點(diǎn)(七點(diǎn)五十分)a quarter

39、to twelve 差一刻十二點(diǎn)(十一點(diǎn)四十五分)twenty to six 差二十分六點(diǎn)(五點(diǎn)四十分)在日常生活中,常用下列簡(jiǎn)單方法表示時(shí)間。以小時(shí)、分種為單位分別讀出數(shù)字。6:31讀作 six thirty-one10:26讀作 ten twenty-six14:03 讀作 fourteen o three16:15 讀作 sixteen fifteen18:30 讀作 eighteen thirty23:55 讀作 twenty-three fifty-five注:時(shí)刻表上的時(shí)間大多采用24小時(shí)表示法,這樣就不需要用a.m.表示上午,p.m.表示下午了。 七、年月表示法1. 世紀(jì)可以用定

40、冠詞加序數(shù)詞加世紀(jì)century表示,也可以用定冠詞加百位進(jìn)數(shù)加's表示the sixth(6th)century 公元六世紀(jì)the eighteenth(18th)century 公元十八世紀(jì)the 1900's 二十世紀(jì)the 1600's 十七世紀(jì)這里,用百位數(shù)整數(shù)表示的世紀(jì)比這一百位阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字本身多一個(gè)世紀(jì)。2. 年代用定冠詞及基數(shù)詞表示的世紀(jì)加十位整數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式構(gòu)成in the 1930's(in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties)在二十世紀(jì)三十年代in th

41、e 1860's(in the sixties of the 19th century或 in the eighteen sixties)在十九世紀(jì)六十年代In the 1870's when Marx was already in his fifties,he found it important to study the situation in Russia,so he b例an to learn Russian在十九世紀(jì)七十年代當(dāng)馬克思已經(jīng)五十多歲時(shí),他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究俄國(guó)的形勢(shì)很重要,便開始學(xué)習(xí)俄語。3. 表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠詞后,年代前添加 early,

42、mid-,latein the early 1920's 在二十世紀(jì)二十年代早期in the mid-1950's 在二十世紀(jì)五十年代中期4. 年月日表示法A年份用基數(shù)詞表示,一般寫為阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字,讀時(shí)可以以hundred為單位,也可以以世紀(jì)、年代為單位分別來讀。1949 讀作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine1800 讀作 eighteen hundred253 讀作 two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-three1902 讀作 nineteen hundred a

43、nd two或 nineteen o two表示在哪一年,一般在年數(shù)前加介詞in,使用year時(shí),year放在數(shù)詞之前。in the year two fifty-three B.C. 在公元前253年但是,通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字。B. 月份,在哪個(gè)月用介詞in加第一個(gè)字母大寫的月份詞表示。例如:in May在五月; in July在七月。為了簡(jiǎn)便起見,月份與日期連用時(shí),月份常用縮寫形式表示。縮寫形式除May,June,July外,其它的月份都由其前三個(gè)字母表示,但September除外。JanuaryJan一月 FebruaryFeb二月MarchMar. 三月 AprilApr四月AugustAug八月SeptemberSept九月OctoberOct十月NovemberNov十一月DecemberDec十二月注:這里縮寫形式后面加點(diǎn)不能省略,因?yàn)樗潜硎究s寫形

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