初中句子成分分析及練習題

1、英語句子成分分析組成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主語、謂語、賓學習必備語、定語、狀語、表語和賓語補足語等。各成分在句中的作用如何?分別由哪些詞及短語充當?1.主語：是句子要說明的人或事物，是句子的主體， 一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式或動名詞等充當。如：The car is running fast.( 名詞 )We are students.(代詞 )One of my classmates is from Shanghai.( 數(shù)詞 )It's bad manners to spit in public.( 不定式 )Eating too much is bad for y

2、our health.( 動名詞 )若不定式短語作主語常用it 作形式主語，而把真正的主語(不定式短語 )放在句后。2.謂語：說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)，也是句子的主體部分，一般由動詞充當。動詞分為實義動詞、連系動詞、情態(tài)動詞和助動詞。實義動詞單獨作謂語， 連系動詞與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語， 情態(tài)動詞與省略 to 的不定式構(gòu)成合成謂語，助動詞與動詞原形共同構(gòu)成謂語部分。如：He works in a factory.( 實義動詞 )I felt cold.( 系動詞 +表語 )How can I get to the station?( 情態(tài)動詞 +實義動詞 )Do you speak English?(

3、 助動詞 +實義動詞 )They are working in a field.( 助動詞 +實義動詞 )【注意】謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要相互照應(yīng)。3.賓語：是及物動詞所涉及的對象，一般由名詞、代詞、不定式及動名詞等充當。如：He is doing his homework.( 名詞 )They did nothing this morning.( 代詞 )She wants to go home.(不定式 )We enjoy playing football.( 動名詞 )【注意 】有的動詞可接雙賓語，間接賓語指人， 直接賓語指物。這類動詞常見的有：give，buy，lend，pass，

4、tell ，leave 等。如：He bought me a book.Pass me the ball， will you?( 間賓 +直賓 )直接賓語一般放在間接賓語之后，但若把直接賓語放在前面，則要在間接賓語前加適當?shù)慕樵~如to 或 for 等。如：Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.( 直賓 +間賓 )Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直賓 +間賓 )有的動詞常用不定式作賓語，而不能用動名詞。 這類動詞有：want， wish， hope，promise， decide，agree， choose， care

5、等。如：I hope to see you again.有的動詞一般只用動名詞作賓語，而不用不定式。 這類動詞有：enjoy ，finish ，mind，practise，miss， suggest，keep(on)等。如：Do you mind my opening the window? 有的動詞后接不定式與動名詞含義不同。forget to do 表示“未發(fā)生的動作” ， forget doing 表示“已完成的動作”。如：Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.( 還沒來 )I forgot returning the book t

6、o him.( 書已還給他了)4.定語：用于修飾名詞或代詞，一般由形容詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、歡迎下載不定式等充當。如：What a beautiful kite it is!( 形容詞 )She is a chemistry teacher.(名詞 )There are two students in the classroom.( 數(shù)詞 )We have something to do tomorrow.( 不定式 )The man in blue is my brother.( 介詞短語 )【注意】定語一般位于被修飾詞之前，但若修飾不定代詞或不定式等短語作定語，則放在后面。5.狀語：用于修飾動詞

7、、形容詞、副詞或全句，一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式短語或從句充當。單個副詞作狀語一般放在被修飾詞之前，短語或從句放在句首或句末。如：Thank you very much.( 副詞 )I get up at five in the morning.( 介詞短語 )He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.( 不定式短語 )We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.( 從句 )【注意】 enough 作狀語只能放在被修飾詞之后。如：He is old enough to go to

8、school.6.表語：用于說明主語的身份、特征或感受，一般由名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、分詞等充當。常用的連系動詞有： be，look，get，sound(聽起來 )， feel， become， smell， turn ， taste(嘗起來 )等。如：They are workers.( 名詞 )Two and three is five.( 數(shù)詞 )The story is very interesting.( 形容詞 )M y job( 工作 )is teaching English.( 動名詞 )She is at home.(介詞短語 )I feel terrible.( 形容詞 )Th

9、e dish tastes delicious.( 形容詞 )7.賓語補足語：用于補充說明賓語的動作，一般位于賓語之后，賓語與賓語補足語一起構(gòu)成復合賓語。需接復合賓語的動詞有： tell， let， help， teach， ask， see， have， order ，make 等?！百e補”一般由不定式短語、分詞、名詞、形容詞等充當。如：We elected him monitor.( 名詞 )I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容詞 )The doctor told me to do more exercise.( 不定式短語 )He

10、is going to have his hair cut.( 過去分詞 )They saw a bird flying in the sky.( 現(xiàn)在分詞 )8 同位語：同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對前者加以說明的成分，近乎于后置定語。如：We students should study hard. / (students 是 we 的同位語，都是指同一批學生 ）We all are students. / (all 是 we 的同位語，都指同樣的 我們）9 分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語與句子的主語一致 ! 否則應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。例：Studying h

11、ard, you score will go up.學習必備歡迎下載答案：11.Wealwaysworkhardat English 。主語狀語謂語狀語狀語12. Hesaidhedidn't come.主句主語主句謂語從句主語從句謂語13.Theyloveeach other.主謂語賓語14. Whatdidyoubye?賓助動詞主謂15. Shewatchedher daughterplaying the piano.主謂賓賓語補足語16. Your job todayisto help the old. - 主定語系動詞表語17. Speaking doesn't mea

12、n doing. 主謂賓1They(主語） are working （系表結(jié)構(gòu)做謂語） on the farm （地點狀語） now（時間狀語） .2.Seeing（動詞 ing 做主語） is（謂語）believing（賓語）3.All of us （主語）like （謂語） Kobe Bryant （賓語） very much（程度副詞狀語）4.She（主語） became（謂語） a doctor （賓語） in 1998 （時間狀語）5.The book（主語） lying on the floor （補語） are（謂語） mine （賓語）6.Suddenly （狀語） it （形

13、式主語）began to rain （謂語）7.To catch the train ,（目的狀語） I（主語） got up （謂語） earlyyesterday （時間狀語）8.I（主語） always find （謂語） her （賓語） happy （狀語）9.He （主語） wonders （謂語） if I（條件句中的主語） still study（條件句中的謂語） English （條件句中的賓語）整個條件句做主干的賓語10.The letter（主語） which I received the day before yesterday （定語從句） was（謂語） a fri

14、end of mine （賓語）18. Bye the time I got to the station,the trainhad left.時間狀語從句主句主語主句謂語19. The children boughttheir parentsa carfor the 25th anniversary of their marriage. 主語謂語間接賓語直接賓語狀語20. Ittakesme an hourto get there.形式主語謂語賓語真正主語(三)DDBABDCDAD(四)D B D C B(五)CCABBD(六)CCCCDB(七)DADDADCD(八 ) us, 間接賓語a

15、story, 直接賓語 me, 間接賓語a new bike, 直接賓語 us, 間接賓語history, 直接賓語 Tom, 間接賓語it, 直接賓語 me, 間接賓語message, 直接賓語劃分句子成分練習題（1）1. They are working on the farm now.學習必備歡迎下載2. Seeing is believing.3. All of us like Kobe Bryant very much4. She became a doctor in 19985. The books lying on the floor are mine6. Suddenly it

16、 begins to rain7. To catch the train , I got up early yesterday8. I always find her happy9. He wonders If I still study English10.The letter which I received the day before yesterday was a friend of mine.11. We always work hard at English.12. He said he didn't come.13.They love each other.14.Wha

17、t did you bye?15.She watched her daughter playing the piano.16.your job today is to help the old.17.Speaking doesn't mean doing.18.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had left.19.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.20.It takes me an hour to

18、get there.挑出下列句中的賓語 My brother hasn't done his homework.ABCD People all over the world speak English.ABCD You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.ABCD How many new words did you learn last class?ABCD Some of the students in the school want to goswimming, how about you?ABCD The old man

19、sitting at the gate said he was ill.ABCD They made him monitor of the class.ABCD Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.ABCD You will find it useful after you leave school.ABCD They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.ABCD挑出下列句中的表語 The old man was feelin

20、g very tired.ABCD Why is he worried about Jim?ABCD The leaves have turned yellow.ABCD Soon They all became interested in the subject.ABCD She was the first to learn about it.ABCD挑出下列句中的定語 They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.ABCD What is your given name?ABCD On the third lap are Class 1 and Class

21、3.ABCD I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.ABCD The man downstairs was trying to sleep.ABCD I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!ABCD挑出下列句中的賓語補足語 She likes the children to read newspapers and books inthe reading-room.ABCD He asked her to take the boy out of school.ABCD She found it difficult to do the work.ABCD They call me Lily sometimes.ABCD I saw Mr. Wang get