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1、 狀語從句中的虛擬語氣虛擬語氣在if引導的條件句中的用法三點:從句(條件)主句(目的)表示于現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬條件句if+主語+動詞的過去式(be用were) if i had time, i would attend the meeting.主語+would(should could might)+動詞原型表示與過去事實相反的擬條件句if+主語+had+動詞的過去分詞 if he had hurried ,he could have caught the train.主語+would(should could might)+have+動詞的過去分詞表示與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句1、if+主語
2、+動詞過去式2、if+主語+were to+ 動詞原形3、if+主語+should +動詞原形if i were to go abroad ,i would go to america.主語+would(could should might)+動詞原型錯綜時間條件句主從句時間不一致的情況下的虛擬語氣有時條件從句中的動作與主句中的動作,發(fā)生的時間不一致,這是動作的形式應根據(jù)它所表示的時間加以調(diào)整。if you had followed my advice , you would be better now.if you had studied hard before, you would be
3、a college student now.含蓄條件句有時虛擬條件句并沒用if從句表示出來,而是用介詞短語(otherwise,or,without,but for)上下文或其他方式來表示。1. 條件暗含在短語中;2. 條件暗含在上下文中;3. 虛擬式變?yōu)榱晳T說法,很難找出其暗含的條件。條件從句中省略if采用倒裝語序的情況在if引導的表示虛擬的條件狀語從句中,有時可以把虛擬條件中的連詞if省去,而將had,should,were等助動詞提到主語之前。例:原句:1: if she were younger,she,would do it. 去if:were she younger,she,wou
4、ld do it. 2: if you had come earlier, you would have met him. 去if: had you come earlier, you would have met him 3:if it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 去if:should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 虛擬語氣在as if/as though引導的方式狀語從句中1. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有懷疑,謂語動詞用過去式。 he treats the b
5、oy as if he were his own son.2. 表示與過去事實相反,謂語動詞用過去完成時。 he spoke as if he had known about it.3 表示與將來事實相反,(表示將來的可能性不大),用would (might, could)+動詞原形 he acts as if he could win in the game .注意:1.在as if/as though 句中,如果有可能成為事實,用陳述語氣。 例:he looks as if he going to be ill. 2.as though或as if引導的狀語從句,從句主語和主句主語相同時,
6、從句中可省略主語和部分謂語。虛擬語氣用在lest,for fear that,so that及in order that引導的目的狀語從句中表示“以防,以免”等意思謂語動詞多用should/could/might+動詞原型構(gòu)成 for fear that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an umbrella.由“providing(that)/provided(that)/on condition that/suppose(that)/supposing(that)”引導的條件從句根據(jù)情況,1.可以用虛擬語氣。 例:suppose/supposin
7、g that it rained,we shouldnt go out. 2.也可以用陳述語氣。 例:they are willing to surrender provided they are given free pardon.“in case”引導的從句中即可用陳述句,也可以用虛擬語氣(should)+動詞原型例:1.the game will be put off in case it (should) snow. 2.the game will be put off in case it snows.名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣一:賓語從句中的虛擬語氣1.在動詞wish/hope后的賓語
8、從句中的虛擬語氣,表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬:從句謂語動詞用過去式或過去進行式。 i wish (that) i were a bird.對過去情況的虛擬:從句謂語動詞用過去完成時,或would,could,might+現(xiàn)在完成時。 i wish (that) i had seen the film last night.對將來情況的虛擬:從句謂語“would/should/could/might+動詞原形”。 i wish (that) i wouldcould go.在表示建議,命令,要求,忠告,等動詞的后面的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣均以“should+動詞原型”表示這種語氣,
9、“should”常被省略。we suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.they insisted that the boy (should) go with them.常用的此類動詞有:表示“提議,勸告,建議”的:propose,suggest,recommend,advise.表示“要求”的:ask,desire, request,demand,require,beg表示“同意,堅持”的:insist表示“決定,命令”的:decide,order注意:suggest,insist不表示建議或堅持要某人做某事時,即它們用于其本意暗示,表明
10、,堅持認為時,賓語從句用陳述語氣。the smile on his face suggested(暗示) that he was satisfied with our work.the man insisted 【堅持認為】that he had never stolen the money.在expect,believe,think,suspect等動詞的否定或疑問形式后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣經(jīng)常用“should+動詞原型(或完成形式),表示驚奇,懷疑,不滿等情緒。 i cannot believe that you should think so.would rather,had rath
11、er,后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣謂語動詞用過去式表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾?i would rather you told me the truth.用過去完成式表示與過去事實相反。表示“寧愿做什么”或“對過去做的事的懊悔”。 i would rather you had gone there last sunday.注意:1.若某人愿自己做某事,would rather后用動詞原型 2.would rather.than中用動詞原型 i would rather do it by myself. i would rather watch tv at home
12、than go to the cinema. 主語從句中的虛擬語氣“it is(was)+形容詞(或過去分詞)+that.”結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語氣表達形式為should+動詞原形或省略should its quite necessary that we should have a walk now. 常用的形容詞:natural,appropriate,advisable,necessary,important,urgent,probable,possible,desirable,strange。注意:在上述所列形容詞后面用that引出的賓語從句中,謂語動詞也要用虛擬語氣。例:i dont
13、 think it advisable that tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.(湯姆缺乏經(jīng)驗,指派他做這項工作我認為是不恰當?shù)?.在“it is (was)+名詞+that.”結(jié)構(gòu)句中的虛擬語氣表示建議,命令,請求,道歉,懷疑,驚奇等。its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.這類名詞有:advice,decision,desire,demand,idea,order,pity,proposal,recommendation,suggestion,surpris
14、e,wish,wonder等。表語從句或同位語從句中的虛擬語氣某些表示建議,請求,命令等主觀意向的名詞做主語時,其后的表語從句或同位語從句需用虛擬語氣表達形式為should+動詞原型或直接用動詞原型。my idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it. we all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.在it is demanded/suggested/ordered/required.that-clause句型中從句用(should
15、 )+動詞原型it is demanded that we should work out a plan.這類名詞常見的有:demand,desire,requirement,advice,recommendation,suggestion,order,necessity,proposal,plan,idea。在it is (about/high) time+that 定語從句中的虛擬語氣表示“該做.的時候了”其動詞形式用一般過去時或should+動詞原型it is high time that you went / should go to school.注意:在this is the fi
16、rst time/ second time that.句型中,從句中謂語動詞用陳述語氣完成時態(tài)。 this is the second time that we have achieved such a great success.if only 引起的感嘆句中的虛擬語氣if only引出感嘆句,意思是“要是.多好”,表示說話人的一種愿望。表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應用過去式; 表示過去的情況,應用過去完成時態(tài) 表示將來的情況,用would+動詞原形例:if only he didnt drive so fast!(現(xiàn)在)look at the terrible situation i am in !i
17、f only i had followed your advice(過去)if only the rain would stop.(將來)even if ( even though) 引導的讓步狀語從句中的虛擬語氣表示一種讓步語氣,即使.也做不成某事。表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應用過去式表示過去的情況,應用過去完成時態(tài) even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.even if i had been busy then, i would have helped you.choose the best answer:it is strange
18、that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages. a. could b. can c. should d. would2. he gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm. a. be finished b.will finish c. must be finished3.he _ you more help,even though he was very busy. a, might have given b. might give c.may have given4.without t
19、he leadership of the party,there _no new china. a.would be b. has been c. should be d.was5. he is talking so much about america as if he _ there.had been b. has been c. was d. has gone6.
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