徐名詞性從句知識點總結(jié)

1、徐名詞性從句知識點總結(jié)名詞性從句 名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞，可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此，名詞性從 句廳分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位從句。（一）引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞1 、連接代詞： who, whose, whom, what, which。有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，如主語、表語、賓語、或定語等。2 、連接副詞： when, where, why, how。有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，作狀語。3 、連接詞： that, whether, if, as if。that 無詞義，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，有時可省略； if （whether）, as if 雖有詞義，但在從句中不擔(dān)

2、任成分。1、連接代詞與連接副詞在句中不再是疑問句，因而從句中謂語不用疑問式。連接代詞 與連接副詞在從句充當(dāng)句子成分，連接詞 whether 和 if （是否）， as if （好象）在從句 中不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用。根據(jù)句義，如果連接代詞與連接副詞， whether if 和 as if 都用不上時，才用 that 作連接詞（ that 本身無任何含義） 。2、不可省略的連詞：（1）介詞后的連詞（2 ）引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had

3、 won.（二）主語從句1 、主語從句在復(fù)合句作主語。e.g. Who will go is not important.2、用it 作形式主語，主語從句放在句末。e.g. It doesn 't matter so much whether you will come or not.主要句型有：（1 ） It+be+ 形容詞 +that 從句。It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告訴她了。（2 ）It+be+ 名詞詞組 （no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no su

4、rprise, etc.）+that 從句。It 's no surprise that our team should have won the game.我們沒贏這場比賽真意外。（3 ） It+be+ 過去分詞 +that 從句。It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.據(jù)說格林先生已經(jīng)到了北京。（4 ） It+seem, happen 等不及物動詞及短語 +that 從句。It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不來參加晚會。（5 ）It+d

5、oesn 't matter （makes no difference, etc.）+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。It doesn 't matter whether she will come or not.她是否來這無關(guān)緊要。It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我們在哪里開會毫無區(qū)別。3 、that 引導(dǎo)主語從句時，不能省略。e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. 4、當(dāng)主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù)，

6、下面這個句型例外。 What we need is more time and money.What we need are many more books.5 、if 不能用在主語從句中，而是用 whether Whether he left (or not) is unknown6 、引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：(1) 從屬連詞 that 。That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明顯，她們確是親姐妹，她們的臉型很相似。(2) 從屬連詞 whether 。如： W

7、hether he 'll come here isn 't clear. 他是否會來這里還不清楚。(3) 連接代詞 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 連接副詞 where, when, how, why 。如：What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。How this happened is not clear to anyone.這事怎樣發(fā)生的，誰也不清楚。Whoever comes is welcome.不論誰來都?xì)g迎。Wherever you ar

8、e is my home my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家 我唯一的家。注意：連接代詞 whoever, whatever, whichever等引導(dǎo)主語從句的含義Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who)來的人將受到歡迎。Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that)他所做的事情是正確的。Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who) 你們

9、當(dāng)中不論哪個進來將會得到獎勵。(三) 表語從句1 、表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語，位于系動詞之后。e.g. The question was who could go there. 注意：連系動詞 “appear, look, seem ”的兩個常用句型 It seems/appears that .It looks/seems as if/as though (與事實相符用陳述語氣，與事實相反用虛擬語氣)2 、引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞 that 有時可省去。e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.3、引導(dǎo)

10、表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的種類：(1) 從屬連詞 that 。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。(2) 從屬連詞 whether, as, as if 。如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起來還與十年前一樣。The question is whether they will be able to help us.問題是他們是否能幫我們。注意：從屬連詞 if一般不用來引導(dǎo)表語從句，但 as if 卻可引導(dǎo)表語從句，如：All this was over

11、 twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday.這都是 20 多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一樣。 能跟表語從句的謂語動詞一般為系動詞 be, seem, look 等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain.看起來天要下雨了。(3) 連接代詞 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 連接副詞 where, when, how, why 。如： The problem is who we can get to

12、replace her.問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。The question is how he did it.問題是他是如何做此事的。That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的。我想這是因為你做得太多。我想這就是他如此生氣的原因注意：連詞 because 可引導(dǎo)表語從句。 because 與 why 在引導(dǎo)表語從句的區(qū)別： eg ： I think it is because you are doing too much. （because 后面加原因）I think it is the rea

13、son why he was so angry. （why 后面加結(jié)果） (四)賓語從句1 、賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that 一般可省略。e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.2 、介詞賓語從句：介詞之后的賓語從句，不可用which 或if 連接，要分別用 what 或whether 。e.g. I 'm interested in whether you've finished the work.I 'm interested in what you've said.Your success

14、 will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it. 你是否成功將主要取決于你做什么和怎樣做。3 、whether 與if 都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，?？苫Q。但下面情況不能互換。 賓語從句是否定句時，只用 if ，不用 whether 。e.g. I wonder if it doesn't rain. 用 if 會引起誤解，就要用 whether 。e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.(此句如果把 whether 改成 if ，容易當(dāng)成條件句理解) 賓語從句中的 whet

15、her 與 or not 直接連用，就不能換成 if ；不直接連用，可換。e.g. I don 't know whether or not the report is true.I don 't know whether/ if the report is true or not. 介詞后的賓語從句要用 whether 引導(dǎo)。 whether 可與不定式連用。 whether 也可引 導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句，還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，以上均不能換成if 。但引導(dǎo)條件從句時，只能用 if ，而不能用 whether 。e.g. It depends on whether

16、we have enough time.They don 't know whether to go there.Please come to see me if you have time.注意：區(qū)別 if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和條件狀語從句I don 't know if he will come.If he comes, I 'll let you know.4 、賓語從句的時態(tài)變化規(guī)律： 賓語從句時態(tài)與主句相呼應(yīng)，但賓語從句表示的是客觀真理或普遍現(xiàn)象除外(1) 當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，從句可根據(jù)需要用任何時態(tài)。(2) 當(dāng)主句是一般過去時態(tài)時，從句只能使用過去范圍內(nèi)的任

17、何時態(tài)。但客觀真理除外。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老師說地球繞著太陽運行。5 、當(dāng)主語是 I, we ，主句用 think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine五個動詞時，用否定轉(zhuǎn)移I think he will win the game.(否定句) I don 't think he will win the game. 對應(yīng)的反義疑問句： I don 't think he will win the game, will he?6 、引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：(

18、1) 從屬連詞 that 。He told us that he felt ill.他對我們說他感到不舒服注意： that 在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時也并不是任何情況下都可以省略。在以下情況下， that 不能省略。and 或 but 連接兩個或多個賓語從句時，可以省略第一個連詞 that ，放在an或者but 的后面 的 that 不能省略。Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. 大家都會看出所發(fā)生的事情并知道 Tom 非常害怕。 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作介詞賓語時， that 不能省略。 I know nothi

19、ng about him except that he is from the south 對他我一無所知，只知道他是南方人。. that 從句位于句首時， that 不可省略。That he ever said such a thing I simply don't believe.我簡直不相信他曾說過這樣的話。主句謂語動詞與 that 從句之間有插入語， that 不可省略。We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period.鑒于他的特

20、殊情況，我們決定應(yīng)允他一段試用期。當(dāng)賓語從句后帶賓補時，要用“主語 + 謂語 +it + 賓補 +that-clause, that 不可省略I think it certain that she will do well in her exam. (2) 從屬連詞 if/whether 。I doubt whether he will succeed.我懷疑他是否會成功。 I don 't know if you can help me.我不知道你能否幫助我。(3) 連接代詞 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, 連接副詞 where, wh

21、en, how, why 。 Who or what he was, Martin never learned. 道。whatever, whichever他是什么人？他是干什么的？馬丁根本不知我不知道他要給我寫信說什么事。 我會告訴你我為什么要你來。 你可做任何你想做的事。I wonder what he's writing to me about.I 'll tell you why I asked you to come. You may do what you will.(五)同位語從句1 、同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語，一般位于該名詞（如：news, fact,

22、 idea,suggestion, promise， thought, question, reply, report, remark等）之后，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.2 、that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：在同位語從句中： that 不可以省略，不作成分 ;定語從句的關(guān)系代詞 that 在定語從句作 成分，作賓語時可以省略We are interested in the news tha

23、t some foreigners would visit our school.We are interested in the news that he told us.3 、when, where 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別： 在定語從句中， when, where 前有分別表示時間、地點的先行詞；而在同位語從句中 無此對應(yīng)關(guān)系They have no idea at all where he has gone.（同位語從句 ）Go and get your coat. It's in the place where you left it.（定語從句 ）4、引導(dǎo)賓語從句的

24、關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：（1 ）關(guān)聯(lián)詞多用從屬連詞 that 。Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪兒聽說我不能來？（2 ）同位語從句偶爾由從屬連詞 whether 引導(dǎo)。I have no idea whether he'll come or not.我不知道他是否來。注意： There is no doubt that he will come.There is doubt whether he will come.There is no possibility that .（3 ）連接代詞 who, which, what

25、 和連接副詞 where, when, why, how亦可引導(dǎo)同位語從句。The question who should do the work requires consideration. 誰該干這項工作，這個問題需要考慮。We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪兒去度暑假，這個問題我們還沒有決定。It is a question how he did it.那是一個他如何做了此事的問題。名詞性從句重點與難點一、that 從句作主語和賓語時，常用 i

26、t 作形式主語，將從句放在句末e.g. It doesn 't matter so much whether you will come or not.She has seen to it that all the children are well taken care of.二、that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的省略情況1 、that 引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時，不能省略。e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.2 、that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時一般可省略，但在以下幾種情況中不能省略。1）當(dāng) that 從句

27、和主句謂語動詞之間有插入詞語或者從句主語之間有插入語時不能省略；2）當(dāng) that 從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時不能省略；3）當(dāng) that 作介詞賓語時不能省略。e.g. He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wineEveryone knew what happened and that she was worried.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.三、名詞性從句中的語序名詞性從句中一律使用陳序語氣。e.g. He

28、asked how much I paid for the violin.四、名詞性從句中的時態(tài)呼應(yīng) 在名詞性從句中，謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)相一致。e.g. As soon as he comes back, I'll tell him when you will come and see him.He kept looking at her, wondering whether he had seen her somewhere.Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring?五、引導(dǎo)同位語從句與定語從句的 tha

29、t 的區(qū)別同位語從句中的連詞 that 只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)任何句子成分且不能省略，同位語從句一般放 在有具體含義的名詞后，用以解釋名詞的含義或內(nèi)容；而定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞 that 在從句中 充當(dāng)主語或賓語，在充當(dāng)賓語時常可省略，定語從句是對先行詞的限定和修飾。e.g. They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.六、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的 that 和 what 的區(qū)別tha

30、t 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，也沒有任何含義，只起連接作用 , 且 在賓語從句中有時可省略； 而 what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時， 在從句中充當(dāng)主語、 賓語、 表語或定語。 e.g. That he said so made us angry .What he said at the meeting made us angry.China is no longer what it used to be.七、疑問詞 + ever 和 no matter + 疑問詞的區(qū)別1 、疑問詞 + ever 既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，又可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。e.g. Whoever breaks t

31、he rule must be punished.Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished.2 、 no matter + 疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。e.g. No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished. No matter what you do, you must do it well.注意： who 與 whoever 的區(qū)別who 是 “誰”的意思，表示具有疑問， who 相當(dāng)于 anyone who “無論誰 ” He gave whoever came to the door

32、 a smile. = He gave any person who came to the door a smile.（正確） 他問我是誰打的玻璃。 錯誤）（正確） 違法的人將受罰。（錯誤）比較： He asked me who broke the glass. He asked me whoever broke the glass. Whoever goes against law shall be punished. Who goes against law shall be punished.八、注意區(qū)分 it 作形式主語的主語從句與強調(diào)句主語從句強調(diào)句強調(diào)句句型 It is/was+

33、 被強調(diào)部分 +that, 去掉 It is/was, that ，句子仍然成立It is natural that they should have different views.It is only lately that he had had a family himself.It was in the hotel where he stayed that we discussed the serious problem九、比較： whether 與 if 均為" 是否 " 的意思。 但在下列情況下， whether 不能被 if 取代： 1 、 whether 引

34、導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首Whether he left (or not) is unknown2 、引導(dǎo)表語從句The question is whether they will be able to help us.3 、 whether 從句作介詞賓語It depends on whether we have enough time.4 、從句后有 "or not"Whether he will come or not is not clear.5 、不定式之前She can't decide whether to buy the house or wait. 她不能

35、決定到底是應(yīng)該買下這個房子還是再等等。6 、同位語從句中There is doubt whether he will come.7 、賓語從句前移Whether she will win the game, I'm not sure.名詞性從句專項練習(xí) 11 he does has nothing to do with me.A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If2. The manager came over and asked the customer howA. did the quarrel came about B .the q

36、uarrel had come aboutC. had the quarrel come aboutD. had the quarrel come about3. Energy is makes thing work.A. what B. something C. anything D. that4. Information has been put forward more middle school graduates will be admittedinto universities.A. while B. that C. when D. as5. This is _the Shenzh

37、ou V Spaceship landed.A. there B. in which C. where D. when6. They have no idea at all.A. where he has goneB. where did he goC. which place has he gone D. where has he gone7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient' s fear he would die of the disease.A. that B. which C. of which D. of that8. The order came _the soldiers