專題定語從句

1、語法復(fù)習(xí)定語從句（一）定語從句一般由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)1、 關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、關(guān)系副詞： whe n, where, why關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞必須位于從句之首，主句先行詞之后，起著連接先行詞和從句的作用，同時(shí)在從句中又充當(dāng)句子成分。e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（關(guān)系代詞 who 在從句中作主語） The comrade with whom I came knows French. （ whom 在從句中作介詞 with 的賓語）3、 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法：1）當(dāng)先行詞

2、為人時(shí)用 who作主語，whom作賓語；2）當(dāng)先行詞為物或整個(gè)句子時(shí)用which，可作主語或賓語；3）先行詞為人、物時(shí)用that，可作主語或賓語；4） whose用作定語，可指人或物；5）關(guān)系副詞 when （指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，where （指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語），why （指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語）。（二）限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句1、限制性定語從句：從句與主句關(guān)系密切，去掉從句，主句意義不完整，甚至不合邏 輯。e.g. I was the only person in our office who was in vited.（去掉定語從句，意思就不完整）

3、2、非限制性定語從句：從句對先行詞關(guān)系不密切，去掉定從句，意思仍然完整。形式 上用逗號隔開，不能that用引導(dǎo)。e.g. Tom ' s fatlwhro is over sixty, still works hard day and night. （who 弓丨導(dǎo)非限制性定語 從句，整個(gè)句子可分成兩句來翻譯）（三）使用定語從句時(shí)特別注意的幾個(gè)問題1、that與which的區(qū)別。1） 用that而不用 which的情況：先行詞為不定代詞all, anything, nothing,；先行詞有最高級修飾，有序數(shù)詞修飾；先行詞有only, very, any等詞修飾；先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。

4、e.g. There is nothing that can preve nt him from doing it.沒有什么能阻止他不干那件事。The first place that they visited in Guili n was Elepha nt Trunk Hill.在桂林他們所參觀的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。This is the best film that I have ever seen.這部電影是我看過的最好的一部。Mr Smith is the onlyforeig ner that he kno ws.史密斯先生是他認(rèn)識(shí)的唯一的外國人。2）用which而不用that的情

5、況：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；代表整個(gè)主句的意思； 介詞+關(guān)系代詞。e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒有及 格，這使他的父親很生氣。This is the room in which my father lived last year.這是父親去年居住過的房子。3）as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)的用法 as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句通常用于the sameas, such結(jié)構(gòu)中。e.g. I want the same shirt as my friend'我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。Su

6、ch machines_as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我們車間使用 的這種 機(jī)器是中國制造的。 as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用來修飾整個(gè)句子。通常用下歹U句型： as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。e.g. As I expected, he got the first place aga in in this mid-term exam in a

7、ti on.正如我所預(yù)料 的那樣，他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。3) as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)與which的區(qū)別 當(dāng)主句和從句語義一致時(shí)，用as;反之，用which來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.He made a long speech, which was unexpected. 當(dāng)非限制定語從句為否定時(shí)，常用which引導(dǎo)。e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn ' t like at all.2. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，頂句

8、的謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由先行詞決e.g. The man who lives dow nstairs speaks En glish flue ntly.住在樓下的那個(gè)人英語說得很流利。The stude nts who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.3. 定語從句有時(shí)不直接緊靠先行詞，中間由一個(gè)定語、狀語或謂語隔開。e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I can' t understand.4. 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)可以用“介詞 + whi

9、ch ”來代替。e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the People' s Republic of China wasfoun ded.5. 當(dāng)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞是帶介詞或副詞的固定短語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，短語動(dòng)詞的各個(gè) 固定部分不要拆開。e.g. The sick man whom she is look ing after is her father.6. 介詞在關(guān)系代詞前，只能用 which和whom且不能省略；介詞在句尾，關(guān)系 代詞可有which, that, whom, 口語中也可用 who,且可省略。e.g. T

10、he man (whom/ who/ that) you were talki ng about has come to school.練習(xí)、定語從句一、把下列每對句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句：1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.3. The magaz ine is mine. He has take n it away.4. The students will not pass the exam .

11、They don' t study hard.5. The woma n is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.7. The play was won derful. We saw it last ni ght.8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.10.

12、The tree is quite tall. He is climbi ng it.11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.12. That ' s the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous sin ger.14. I want to talk to the bo ys. Their homework haven ' t been handed in.15. Is

13、that the woma n? Her daughter is in my class.16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.18. The soldier ran to the buildi ng. On the top of it flew a flag.19. In the evening they arrived at a

14、hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.20. She came into a big roo m. In the middle of it stood a large table.二、根據(jù)句子意思，在第一個(gè)空白處填入介詞，在第二個(gè)填入關(guān)系代詞 whom或 which:1. The pers on I spoke just now is the man ager that I told you about.2. The pencil he was writi ng broke.3. Wu Dong, I went to the conc

15、ert, enjoyed it very much.4. The two things Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of theidioms of En glish.5. Her bag, she put all her books, has not bee n found.6. The stories about the Long March, this is one example, are well writte n.三、選擇填空：1. The manvisited our school yesterday is from Lo

16、ndon.A. whoB. whichC. whomD. whe n2. The woma nis talki ng to my mother is a frie nd of hers.A. whoseB. whoC. whomD. which3. Because of my poor memory, allyou told me has bee n forgotte n.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as4. Do you remember those dayswe spe nt along the seashore very happily?A. whe nB. whe

17、reC. whichD. who5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camerahe lost last week.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. as6. Thosewant to go please sig n their n ames here.A. whomB. whichC. whoD. whe n7. Where is the manI met this morning?A. whe nB. whereC. whichD. who8. Who is the woma nA

18、. whois sweep ing the floor over there?C. thatB. /D. whe n9. The manyou talked just now is a worker.A. whoB. whom C. to whomThe manyou are going to make friends is my fatherA. with whomB. whe nC. to whomD. to who's neighbour.D. whichThe doctoris leavi ng for Africa n ext mon th.A. the nurse is t

19、alk ing to himB. whom the nurse is talk ingC. the nurse is talk ing toD. who the nurse is talk ingThe manaround our school is from America.A. which you showed B. you showed him C. you showed D. where you showedHe talked about a herono one had ever heard.A. of whomB. from whom C. about that D. whoIn

20、fact the Swede did not un dersta nd the three questi onswere asked in French.A. whereB. whoC. i n whichD. whichHave you read the bookI lent to you?A. thatB. whomC. whe nD. whoseFin ally, the thief han ded over everyth inghe had stole n to the police.A. thatB. whichC. whateverD. allThe foreig n guest

21、s,were gover nment officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A. most of them B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of thoseThis is the very lettercame last ni ght.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. asI know on ly a little about this matter; you may askknows better tha n I.A. whoeverB. whomeverC. anyoneD

22、. the oneThis is the schoolwe visited three days ago.A. whereB. /C. whe nD. whatThis is the factorywe worked a year ago.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. on whichNearby were two canoesthey had come to the isla nd.A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. /Jack is pleased withyou have give n him and allyou have told him.

23、A. that, whatB. what, thatC. which, whatD. that, whichDo you work n ear the buildi ngA. thatB. whichIn the dark street, there was nA. whomB. whocolour is yellow?C. itsD. whose't a single personshe could turn for help.C. to whomD. form whomIs this schoolwe visited three years ago?A. the oneB. whi

24、chC. thatD. whereIs this the schoolwe visited three years ago?A. the oneB. whereC. in whichD. /How many stude nts are there in your classhomes are in the coun try?A. whoseB. whoC. whomD. which10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28,29. Alice received an in vitati on from her boss,ca

25、me as a surprise.A. itB. whichC. thatD. he30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriagealready seve n other people.A. whe n there wereB. which there wereC. that there were D. wherethere were31. I live in the housewin dows face south.A. whichB. whoseC. whereD. in that32. - What game is p

26、opular with them?Themost is tennis.A. game they like it B. game they like C. best game they like D. best game they likeit33. They stayed with me three weeks,they dra nk all the wi ne I had.A. whichB. which time C. duri ng which time D. duri ng which34. The roomMr White lives is not very large.A. tha

27、tB. whichC. whereD. whe n35. Don ' t forget the dayyou were received into the Youth League.A. whe nB. thatC. at whichD. where36. I ' ve fini shed writi ng the no vel,is to be published ne mon th.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. whe n37. He retur ned home safe and sound after a fierce battle,was un e

28、xpected.A. whichB. asC. thatD. it38. we is known to all, En glish is not very difficult to lear n.A. WhatB. AsC. ThatD. Which39. The old man had three sons, all ofdied during World War n .A. whoseB. thatC. whomD. who40. I have bought two pens,write well.A. none of whichB. n either of whichC. both of

29、 whichD. all of which41. Do you know the reas onshe has cha nged her mind?A. whyB. whichC. for thatD. of which42. He failed in the exam,proves that he was n' t work ing hard eno ugh.A. whichB. whatC. itD. that43. During the weekhe tried to collect materials for his article.A. followi ngB.followe

30、dC.to followD. that followed44. was expected, he succeeded in the exam.A. ItB.WhichC.AsD. That45. He studied hard and later became a well-k nown writer,his father expected.A. that was whatB. what wasthatC.and which wasD. which was what46. We should read such bookswill make us better and wiser.A. whe

31、 nB. asC. whoseD. what47. You must show my wife the same respectyou show me.A. whe nB. asC. whoseD. what48. He is abse ntis ofte n the case.A. whatB. whichC. whoD. as49. It is the first timeI have come to your city.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whe n50. Whohas the same idea as it will do it in this way.5

32、1.1 shall n ever forget those yearsI lived in the country with the farmers,has a greateffect on my life.A. that, which B. whe n, which52. This is the only bookI can find.C. which, thatA. thatB. whichC. itD. whe n, whoD. with which53. I don ' t likeyou speak to her.C. the way whichD. the way of w

33、hichA. the wayB. the way in that54. That is one of those books thatworth readi ng.A. isB. areC. hasD. have55. This is the only one of the stude nts whose han dwriti ngthe best.A. isB. areC. hasD. have56. There wasto preve nt the accide nt.A. someth ing could doB. anything we could doC. nothing we co

34、uldn ' t do D. nothing we could do參考答案語法復(fù)習(xí)四：定語從句一、1. The fan that you want is on the desk. 2. The man who brought our textbooks hereyesterday is in n ext room. 3. The magaz ine which he has take n away is mi ne. 4. The stude nts who don't study hard will not pass the exam. 5. The woman you saw in the park is our g