小學英語句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)總結(jié)

1、小學英語句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)匯總本章主要講解兩個方面：（1）句子的成分和基本句型；（2）句子的種類。一、句子的成分和基本句型1句子的成分主語+謂語=主題成分表語+賓語（直接/間接賓語）+賓語補足語+定語+狀語 =次要部分 主語subject 主語是謂語講述的對象，表示所說的“是什么”或“是誰”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當于名詞的詞或短語來充當。它在句首。We study in NO. 1 Middle School（we 是主語，我們在一中上學。）The classroom is very clean（The classroom 是主語，這個教室很干凈。）Three students were a

2、bsent（Three students是主語，三個學生缺席。）To teach them English is my job. （To teach them English是主語，教他們英語是我的工作）It is my job to teach them English.（此句為特殊句式，it作形式主語，真正的主語是to teach them English） 謂語predicate 說明主語“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么樣”，謂語(謂語部分里主要的詞)必須用動詞。謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必須一致，它在主語后面。 His parents are doctors他的父母是醫(yī)生。 She lo

3、oks well她看起來不錯。 We study hard我們學習很刻苦。 We have finished reading the book我們已經(jīng)讀完了這本書。 He can speak English他可以說英語。 表語predicative 表語說明主語“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式及相當于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語來擔任。它的位置在系動詞后面。 You look younger than before你看起來比以前更年輕了。I am a teacher我是個老師。Every body is here。 所有的人都在這。They are at home n

4、ow他們現(xiàn)在在家。My job is to teach them English我的工作是教他們英語。 賓語object 賓語是動作、行為的對象，由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當于名詞的詞、短語來擔任，它和及物動詞一起說明主語做什么，在謂語之后。 She is playing the piano now她現(xiàn)在正在彈鋼琴。He often helps me 他經(jīng)常幫助我。He likes to sleep in the open air他喜歡在室外睡覺。We enjoy living in China我們喜歡在中國生活。 賓語補足語object complement賓語后面加上一個詞或一個短語用來對賓

5、語的特征、狀態(tài)等情況進行補充說明，這個詞或短語叫做賓賓語補足語。它和前面的賓語一起形成“復合賓語”它可以是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞或動詞不定式等。 “賓語+賓語補足語” =復合賓語Leave the door open. （open是door的賓補）讓門開著。We found Li Ming out when we arrived. （副詞out，是李明的賓補）當我們到達的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)李明出去了。Make yourself at home. （at home副詞短語做yourself的賓補）別拘束，隨便。就像在自己家一樣。I saw a stranger enter the buildi

6、ng. （enter the building做a stranger的賓補）我看見一個陌生人進入了大樓。The boss kept them working all day. （working all day 做them的賓補）老板讓他們一整天都在工作。Yesterday he got his leg broken. （broken做his leg的賓補）昨天他的腿受傷了。 狀語adverbial 狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞。它表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、方式程度等意義，一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。 He did it carefully他認真的做這件事。Without h

7、is help，we couldnt work it out沒有他的幫助，我們不能完成這件事。(In order) to catch up with my classmates，I must study hard為了趕上我的同班同學，我必須努力學習。 定語attributive 定語用來修飾名詞或代詞，凡是有名詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語，不定式或相當于形容詞的詞或短語等都可以擔任定語。The black bike is mine（形容詞black修飾名詞bike）這個黑色的自行車是我的。What is your name? （形容詞性物主代詞your修飾名詞n

8、ame）你叫什么名字？They made paper flowers.（名詞paper修飾名詞flowers）他們制備紙花。The boys in the room are in Class Three Grade One. （介詞短語in the room修飾名詞boys）這個房間里的男孩們在一年級三班。I have something to do. （動詞不定式to do修飾名詞something）我有一些事要做。基本句型 第1種句型S+V （主語+謂語）主語謂語（不及物動詞）Class begins. （class主語，動詞begins做謂語）We begin our class at

9、8.（we做主語，begin做謂語） 第2種句型S+V+O 主語謂語（及物動詞）+賓語My father read the book. （my father做主語，read做謂語，the book做賓語） 我爸爸讀書。 She likes English. （She做主語，likes 做謂語，English做賓語）I know him very well. （I做主語，know做謂語，him做賓語）我很了解他He stopped writing. （he做主語，stopped做謂語，writing做賓語）You must listen to me.（you做主語，must listen to做

10、謂語，me做賓語）你必須聽我的。第3種句型S+V+P主語+系動詞+表語He became a scientist. （He做主語，became做系動詞，名詞短語a scientist做表語）。他成為了一個科學家。They are honest. （They做主語，are是系動詞，形容詞honest是表語）他們是忠誠的。They are at home now.（They是主語，are是系動詞，介詞短語at home是表語）他們現(xiàn)在在家。My job is to teach them English.（My job是主語，is是系動詞，動詞不定式to teach them English是表語）

11、 我的工作是教他們英語。在句子中經(jīng)常作為系動詞的動詞有keep look smell sound taste feelgrow get go turn第4種句型S+V+IO+DO 主語謂語（及物動詞）間接賓語直接賓語 直接賓語是及物動詞的直接對象間接賓語表示動作是對誰做的，或是為誰做的雙賓語 :直接賓語(表示動作結(jié)果)和間接賓語(動作目標)He gave Tom a present. （he是主語，gave是謂語，Tom是間接賓語，a present是直接賓語）Give it to me. （give是謂語，it是直接賓語，me是間接賓語）必背：p.7間接賓語在后面時, 其前必須加to(“給”

12、)或for (給 、 “替” 、 “為” )直接賓語和間接賓語的使用間+直當直接賓語是人稱代詞時，為了強調(diào)間接賓語，直+間 我把它遞給我媽媽。 I passed it to my mother. （it是直接賓語，my mother是間接賓語） 她把它們?nèi)咏o我。 She threw them to me. （them是直接賓語，me是間接賓語）我為他找到多余的書/票。I found spare books/tickets for him. （spare books是直接賓語，him是間接賓語）“疑問詞+不定式” 作直接賓語 他教我如何讀這個單詞。He taught me how to read

13、 the word.（me是間接賓語，how to read the word是直接賓語）我告訴他做什么。I told him what to do.（him是間接賓語，what to do是直接賓語）他問我為什么唱這支歌。He asked me why to sing this song.（me是間接賓語，why to sing this song 是直接賓語）她問我走哪條路。She asked me which way to go.（me 是間接賓語，which way to go 是直接賓語）第5種句型S+V+O+OC主語謂語（及物動詞）賓語賓語補足語 call，name，make，th

14、ink，and，leave 他們使她幸福。 They made her happy.（They 是主語，made是謂語，her是賓語，happy是賓補）我們叫她康妮。We call her Connie.（we是主語，call是謂語，her是賓語，Connie是賓補）我覺得這部電影很有意思。 I found the movie interesting（I是主語，found是謂語，the movie是賓語，interesting是賓補） 他讓這個窗戶開著。 He left the window open（He是主語，left是謂語，the Window是賓語，open是賓補）我看見她跳舞了。I

15、saw her dance.（I是主語，saw是謂語，her是賓語，dance是賓補） 第4種句型和第5種句型（雙賓語和復合賓語）的比較第4種句型變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，有兩種情況：We sent them a telegram. 我們給他們發(fā)了個電報。They were sent a telegram.A telegram was sent to them.第5種句型變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，只有一種句式。I will make you king. You will be made king.He gave me a book. He calls me Tom. 賓語+賓語補足語可以形成邏輯上的主謂關系，即“我

16、是湯姆；間接賓語和直接賓語不存在邏輯上的主謂關系，即不能想像為“我是一本書”。1 用所給的單詞組成句子1.to, the, box, I, want, take, to, room, heavy, the I want to take the heavy box to the room. 2.look, things, the, after, boys, their, mustThe boys must look after their things. 3.here, all, are, you You are all here. 4.today, who, duty, is, onWho i

17、s on duty today?5.Miss, them, 3 years ago, Wang, taught, JapaneseMiss Wang taught them Japanese 3 years ago. 6.is, rice, bag, in, there, much, the There is much rice in the bag. 2 根據(jù)中文提示，完成下列句子1.Have you ever been to (最遠的小島)?2.We must (保持清潔) our classroom.3.They and (每兩小時，必須坐下休息)two hours.4.After wo

18、rk he always (感到有點兒累).5.There is (有點兒毛病) with Linda's cat's eyes.6.I can see (沒有異常之物) in the tree.7.Mr. Fang is (去訪問) his aunt.二、句子的種類1、陳述句凡是說明一件事情，提出一個看法，或是表達一種心情的句子有肯定式和否定式。句末用句號“”，通常用降調(diào) 否定結(jié)構(gòu)應注意事項A、使用not的部分否定如果使用了very，always以及all，both，every及every的復合詞I dont play football well.I dont play fo

19、otball very well.It isnt always hot here in summer.B、not的其他否定表示 a notat all一點也不我一點兒也不累。 Im not tired at all.我一點兒也不喜歡它。I dont like it at all.b notany more, notany longer再也不我再也不在這兒住了。I dont live here any longer. 我再也不能多吃了。I can not eat any more.=I can eat no more.2、祈使句 表示請求、命令、建議等。謂語動詞一律用原形。通常不用主語，句末用驚

20、嘆號或句號，用降調(diào)。1含有第二人稱主語的祈使句 A、肯定式：動詞原形（省主語）Stand up. Be quiet, please. Do study hard. Li Ming, come hereCome here, Li Ming 含有第一、三人稱主語的祈使句A、肯定的祈使句Let第一人稱（me, us）Let第三人稱代詞（him/her/it/them）或名詞 咱們馬上動身吧。 Lets go at onceLets go, shall/shant we?.Let us go, will/wont you? Yes, lets/No, lets not.Let me try again

21、Let Tom go there himselfB、否定的祈使句Lets (us, me)not動詞原形Dont let第三人稱代詞的賓格或名詞動詞原形Lets not say anything about itDont let them play with fireLet them not play with fire.3、感嘆句表示喜、怒、哀、樂等強烈感情。分為兩種：一種以what引導，一種以how引導。句尾用感嘆號“！”。用降調(diào)。what引導的感嘆句：What+名詞（或形容詞名詞）陳述句（主語謂語）！ (他是個)多么誠實的人啊! What an honest man he is! (這些

22、是)多么大的蘋果啊! What big apples these are! 多么好的天氣啊!What fine weather it is! 2 how引導的感嘆句：How+形容詞或副詞陳述句（主語謂語）+！ 今天天氣多熱阿！How hot it is today!那鳳箏飛得多么高啊!How high the kite is flying! 他跑的多快??！How fast he runs!多么誠實的人啊！How honest the man is!我多想當個老師阿1How I want to be a teacher！1按要求改寫下列句子1There is some milk in the b

23、ottle(改為否定句) 1. There isn't any milk in the bottle. 2Take the chair to the door(改為否定句) 2. Don't take the chair to the door.3He did the housework yesterday(改為否定句) 3. He didn't do the housework yesterday. 4The ship is big(改為感嘆句) 4. How big the ship is!/What a big ship it is! 5He does well

24、in maths(改為否定句) 5. He doesn't do well in maths.6They can put the bag in the box(改為否定句) 6. They cannot put the bag in the box. 7Give him a bottle of milk(改為否定句) 7. Don't give him a bottle of milk. 8He had done with the goods before he went away(改為否定句) 8. He hadn't done with the goods befo

25、re he went away. 9These people are very brave(改為感嘆句) 9. How brave these people are!/What brave people they are! 10Tom has strong arms(改為What引導的感嘆句) 10. What strong arms Tom has!11This film is very good(改為How引導的感嘆句) 11. How good the film is! 12I want to be a doctor(改為感嘆句) 12. How I want to be a doctor! 13There was something wrong with the radio(改為否定句) 13. There was nothing wrong with the radio. or: There wasn't anythi