非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞經(jīng)典用法講解與練習(xí)

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞經(jīng)典用法講解與練習(xí)命題規(guī)律1、考查立意較低。主要考查的是非謂語(yǔ)的一些最基本的用法。2、題目設(shè)置情景化和結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜化。試題加大了考生對(duì)題干的理解難度。3、設(shè)問(wèn)角度多樣化。不僅僅是非謂語(yǔ)之間的互相干擾。命題趨勢(shì)不容置疑，高考將繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查，試題的特征將繼續(xù)呈現(xiàn)出“情景化”和“設(shè)問(wèn)角度多樣化”的趨勢(shì)，但試題難度將會(huì)有所控制。解題思路 解析句子結(jié)構(gòu)， 確定設(shè)空在句中的句法功能 （主、賓、賓補(bǔ)、表、定、狀？）； 找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)動(dòng)詞邏輯主語(yǔ)，確定該動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)是什么關(guān)系（主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)？）； 搜索句子中相關(guān)的時(shí)間信息， 確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式 （過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)？）； 將選項(xiàng)置入空中， 看是

2、否能夠字從意順， 否能傳達(dá)有效信息、 完成交際任務(wù)。分詞、不定式作賓補(bǔ)用法要點(diǎn)一、分詞、不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別1感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役動(dòng)詞 have 后面的賓補(bǔ)有三種形式，即原形動(dòng)詞（不帶 to 的不定式）、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。 現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行， 過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)或完成， 動(dòng)詞原形表主動(dòng)和完成。如：1) I heard her sing an English song just now.剛才我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她唱了一首英文歌。2) I heard her singing an English

3、song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天經(jīng)過(guò)她房間時(shí)，我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在唱英文歌。3) I heard the English song sung many times.我多次聽(tīng)到有人唱這首英文歌。【注意】不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表完成和狀態(tài)。如：I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (狀態(tài) )I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. (完成 )2leave 后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其中的 leave 保留了原來(lái)之義“留下”，

4、但表達(dá)的確切之義應(yīng)是“使處于某種狀態(tài)）。 leave sb. doing sth.讓某人一直做某事（賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)是主謂關(guān)系，表動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。） leave sth. undone 留下某事未做（賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系， 表示被動(dòng)和完成，一般以 undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched為多）leave sb. to do sth.留下某人做某事leave sth. to be done留下某事要做（不定式表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。） It s wrong of you toleave the machine running.你讓機(jī)器一直開(kāi)著是不對(duì)的。（主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行）

5、The guests left most of the dishes untouched , because they didn t taste delicious.客人們沒(méi)有動(dòng)大部分菜，因?yàn)樗鼈儑L起來(lái)不可口。（被動(dòng)，完成） He left,leaving me to do all the rest work.他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。（主動(dòng)，將來(lái)） We hurriedly ended our meeting,leaving many problems to be settled.我們匆匆忙忙地結(jié)束了會(huì)議，留下了很多問(wèn)題等待解決。（被動(dòng)，將來(lái)）3have, get后接三種形式作

6、賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其中have, get表示“使、讓、叫”之意。 have sth. done = get sth. done“使 / 讓某事由別人去做”（叫/ 讓某人做某事）。I ll have /get my bike repaired tomorrow.此外， have sth. done還表示“使遭受”之意。如1) Tom had his leg broken while playing football.2) Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. have sb. / sth. doing使/ 讓某人

7、 / 物持續(xù)地做某事（現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行）get sb. / sth. doing使某人 / 物開(kāi)始行動(dòng)起來(lái)如： The peasants had the tractorworking day and nightat the harvesttime.農(nóng)忙時(shí)，農(nóng)民們讓拖拉機(jī)夜以繼日地干活。The captaingot the soldiersmoving toward the frontaftera short rest.休息了片刻之后，上尉讓士兵們開(kāi)始朝前線行進(jìn)起來(lái)。注意：“ have sb. doing”若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。如：1)I won thave yo

8、u speaking to your parents like that.我不會(huì)讓你那樣子跟你的父母說(shuō)話(huà)。2)Donthave the water running all the time.不要讓水流個(gè)不停。 have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth. )使/ 讓/ 叫某人去做某事1) Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.2)I can tget him to stopsmoking. He won t listen to me.二、下列動(dòng)詞后跟 帶 to的不定式 作賓補(bǔ)：【口訣】討厭命令作賓補(bǔ)說(shuō)服警告想希

9、望，導(dǎo)致逼迫禁期望。建議允許求鼓勵(lì)，要教邀請(qǐng)更喜歡。1) hate, order2) persuade, warn, tell, order, want, wish,3) cause, force, forbid, expect,4) advise, allow, permit, ask, beg, encourage,5) get, require, teach, invite, prefer, like, love, An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered to issue clear warnin

10、g before firing any shots. The teacher asked us not to make so much noise. The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce inthe cells inside the human nose and throat.三、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)小竅門(mén)1、下列動(dòng)詞后在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用不帶to不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要加 to ：它們是“吾看三室兩廳一感覺(jué)”5 看（ look at, see, watch, notice,observe ）；3

11、 使（make, let,have）；2 聽(tīng)（listento,hear ）；1 感覺(jué)（feel ）。2、以上動(dòng)詞還可用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（ 5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上動(dòng)詞除 let, make 外，都可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，此外 find, catch, keep, have也可用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：1) At that time, I found him crying in the street.2)He was caught stealing . I m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.3) The

12、 missing boys were last seen playing near the river.不定式、分詞作定語(yǔ)用法要點(diǎn)一、不定式作定語(yǔ)1作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。如：1) The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.2) There is nothing to worry about.3) Please give me a knife to cut with.4) Here is some paper for you to write on.但是

13、，如果不定式修飾的名詞是 time, place, way 時(shí)，不定式后的介詞通常省去。如：1) He had no money and no place to live (in).2) We found a way to solve this problem (in).2當(dāng)作定語(yǔ)的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式既可以用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但其含義有所不同。試比較： Have you anythingto send ?你有什么東西要寄嗎？（不定式 to send執(zhí)行者是“你”） Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要（我或別人）寄

14、的東西嗎？（不定式 to be sent 執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別人”）3用不定式作定語(yǔ)的幾種情況：1）不定式表將來(lái)：I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.2）用來(lái)修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或no, all, any等限定的中心詞。如：1) He was the best man to do the job.2)She was the firstwomanto win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.3) Women and children were the first to get into the l

15、ifeboats.3）用來(lái)修飾抽象名詞ability,chance, idea,fact,excuse, promise,answer,reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time等。如：1) Do you have the ability to read and write English ?2) I have a chance to go sight-seeing.二、分詞作定語(yǔ)1作定語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞分詞形式為：v.-ing; being +過(guò)去分詞；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用 v.-ing ；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表正

16、在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用 being + 過(guò)去分詞；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表完成時(shí)，用過(guò)去分詞。例如：1) The houses being built are for the teachers.2) The broken glass is Tom s.3) I have never seen a more moving movie.2作定語(yǔ)的不及物動(dòng)詞分詞形式為： V ing 和過(guò)去分詞。 V ing 表示正在進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成。如：fallingleaves正落的葉子fallenleaves落下的葉子boilingwater 正沸騰的水boiledwater沸騰過(guò)的水（白開(kāi)水）三、不

17、定式、過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別這三種形式作定語(yǔ)， 主要是體現(xiàn)在動(dòng)作的發(fā)生時(shí)間上。 過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作或是在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，或是沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性。如：1) Have you read the novel written by Dickens?2) He is a man loved and respected by all.3) Dont use words and expressions known only to people with specificknowledge.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或是與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。如：Listen!T

18、he song being sung is very popular with the students.不定式的被動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示一個(gè)未來(lái)的動(dòng)作。如： The question to be discussed at the tomorrows meeting is a veryimportant one.不定式、動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)用法要點(diǎn)一、下面動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)牢記下列小詩(shī)：決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫。decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care

19、, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help此外， afford, strive（斗爭(zhēng)）等也要用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。例如： She pretended not to see me when I passed by. We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. In or der to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are stri

20、ving to make their products morecompetitive.二、下列動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)牢記下列小詩(shī)：考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒(méi)得想。避免錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成停欣賞，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。1) consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon,2) admit, delay/ put off, fancy,3) avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise,4) deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate,5)cant help,mind, a

21、llow/ permit,escape, imagine,forbid,risk【注意】 be used to,look forwardto,lead to,devote to,stickto,objectto,get down to,pay attentionto,cant stand ( 無(wú)法忍受 ),give up, feellike,insiston, put off,thank you for,apologizefor,be busy (in),havedifficulty / trouble (in), have a good / wonderful /hard time (in)

22、等動(dòng)詞詞組也用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。The squirrels was lucky that they justmissed being caught.I can hardlyimagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.I wouldappreciate your calling back this afternoon.三、下列動(dòng)詞 ( 詞組 ) 既可跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，也可跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義有別，要特別注意。1. forget to do sth.忘記去做某事forget doingsth.忘記已經(jīng)做過(guò)某事remember

23、 to do sth.記住去做某事remember doing sth.記得曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事regret to do sth.后悔 / 遺憾去做某事regret doing sth.后悔做過(guò)某事stop to do sth.停下來(lái)去做另一件事stop doing sth.停止做一件事情try to do sth.努力 / 試圖做某事try doing sth.嘗試著做某事mean to do sth.意欲 / 想/ 企圖做某事mean doing sth.意味著做某事go on to do sth. (做完某事 ) 接著做另一件事go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做同一件事 (=go on wi

24、th sth.)cant help to do sth.不能幫助做某事cant help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事2動(dòng)詞 like, love, prefer后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)均可。如表示經(jīng)常性的行為可用動(dòng)名詞，如表示具體的行為常用動(dòng)詞不定式。【注意】如果 like, love, prefer 前有 would /should 后面則應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞不定式。如：I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon.I d like to go swimming this weekend.3在動(dòng)詞 allow, advise,

25、forbid, permit后直接跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，其后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。即：allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth.allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth.如： We dont allow smoking here.We dont allow students to smoke.4動(dòng)詞 need, require, want 作“需要”解時(shí)， 必須用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式 (doing) 或不定式的被動(dòng)形式 (to be done) 作賓語(yǔ)，表示事情需要做。這時(shí)動(dòng)名

26、詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。 be worth 后必須用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。此外，若動(dòng)詞 need 表“需要”， require 表“要求”， want 表“想要”這些意義時(shí)，其后須接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，然后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。即：need / require / want doing / to be doneneed / require / want sb. to do sth.be worth + n. (表示錢(qián)數(shù)或名詞 )be worth doingbe worthy ofbeing donebe worthy of + n.值得be worthy to be done1)The

27、window needs / requires / wants cleaning.窗戶(hù)需要擦一下。2) The window needs / requires / wants to be cleaned.a The place is worth visiting.那個(gè)地方值得一去。b The place is worthy of a visit.c The place is worthy of being visited.d The place is worthy to be visited.e Only one of these books is worth reading.f -What

28、do you think of the book ?- Oh, excellent, Its worthreading a second time.四、動(dòng)詞不定式作動(dòng)詞tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn,advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out等詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面常帶wh引導(dǎo)詞。即 how, what, whether, where, when, who等 + to do。但 why +不帶 to不定式?！咀⒁狻坎欢ㄊ降倪壿嬛髡Z(yǔ)需與主句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)保持一致，否則用賓語(yǔ)從句。1. He sh

29、owed us how to do the work. ( = He showed us how we should do the work.)2.I don t know what to do. ( = I dont know what Ill do.)3. Can you tell me why do it ?五、動(dòng)詞不定式在介詞but, other than后面時(shí)，如果介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，那么介詞后的不定式不帶to ，否則就要帶 to 。另外在 cant choosebut, can t help but, cant but后面的不定式也要省略to 。如：1) We cou

30、ld do nothing but / other than wait.2) We had nothing to do but / other than wait.3) We have no choice but to wait.4)I can t choosebut laugh.不定式、分詞作狀語(yǔ)用法要點(diǎn)一、不定式作狀語(yǔ)1、不定式作狀語(yǔ)，表示目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件等。1)He sat down to have a rest. (目的 )2)They went there to visit their teacher.他們?nèi)ツ抢锇菰L老師。（目的）3)He woke up only / just

31、 to find everybody gone.他醒來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)大家走了。( 結(jié)果 )4)My grandmother lived to see the liberation ofChina.我祖母活到看見(jiàn)中國(guó)解放。（結(jié)果）2、在某些形容詞作表語(yǔ)，表示喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)后跟不定式表示原因。如：1)I am very glad to see you.我非常高興地見(jiàn)到你。（高興）2)I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill.聽(tīng)到你母親生病真遺憾。（遺憾）3、在帶有 enough 或 too 的句子里，也常用不定式作狀語(yǔ)，表示程度。如：1)He was too exci

32、ted notto say a few words.他太激動(dòng)了，不會(huì)不講幾句話(huà)的。2)He is old enough to go to school.他到上學(xué)年齡了。3)She is too tiredto do the job. 她太累而不能做那件工作了。4、強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞不定式表目的時(shí)，可用 in order to ( 為了 ) /so as to ( 以便 ) + 動(dòng)詞原形。但 so as to 不用于句首。1)He got up earlyin order tocatch the first bus.他早起為了趕第一班車(chē)。（目的）2)The bus stoppedso as topick

33、up passengers.汽車(chē)停下來(lái)以便接納乘客。（目的）3)To look at him, you would like him. (條件 )5、動(dòng)詞不定式作插入語(yǔ)，獨(dú)立使用。1)To tell you the truth, I have got no money on me.說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)，我身上沒(méi)錢(qián)。（獨(dú)立成分）2)To be honest, I know nothing about it.老實(shí)說(shuō)，我對(duì)此一無(wú)所知。( 獨(dú)立成分 )二、分詞作狀語(yǔ)1分詞作狀語(yǔ)的基本原則1) 分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。2) 必須和句中主語(yǔ)形成邏輯主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，否則不能用分詞作狀語(yǔ)。2分詞作狀語(yǔ)的句法

34、功能分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可由連詞while或 when 引出。如：1)Hearing the news, they got excited. (時(shí)間 )2)Be careful while / when crossing the street. (時(shí)間 )3)Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. (原因 )4)Given a chance, I can surprise the world. (條件 )5)The cup dropp

35、ed to the ground, breaking into pieces. (結(jié)果 )6)Having been toldmany times,he stillrepeatedthe same mistake.(讓步)7)The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. (伴隨狀況 )3、獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ)有些分詞短語(yǔ)， 其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱(chēng)作獨(dú)立成分。 常見(jiàn)的有：Generally speaking 一般說(shuō)來(lái)Frankly speaking 坦白地說(shuō)Judging from 根據(jù)來(lái)判斷Considering 考慮到

36、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞其它用法一、疑問(wèn)詞 +不定式結(jié)構(gòu)疑問(wèn)詞（ who, which, when, where, how, what等） + 不定式，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。如：1)I didn t knowwhat to do. (賓語(yǔ) )2)When to hold the meeting is not known yet. (主語(yǔ) )3)My question was how to get so many books. (表語(yǔ) )注意句型： Why not do sth.? Why do sth. ?二、不定式的主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)1不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式構(gòu)成 邏輯主謂關(guān)系

37、時(shí)，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式。Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon? (A knife cuts thewatermelon.)2不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成 邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 ，又與該句主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯主謂關(guān)系 時(shí)，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式。1)She has asisterto look after. (She looks after her sister.)2)I know what todo. (I do what.)3不定式作表語(yǔ)形容詞的狀語(yǔ)，與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 時(shí)，不定式多用主動(dòng)形式，這是因?yàn)槿藗兺J(rèn)為形容詞后省去了for sb.。如：1

38、)This book is difficultto understand.2)This kind of fish is niceto eat.4there be結(jié)構(gòu)： 1）當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)有人去做某件事時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式(to do)；2）如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的事情本身必須被做時(shí)，則用被動(dòng)形式(to be done)。如：1)There is a lot of workto do . (Someone has to do the work. )2)There is a lot of workto be done. (The work has to be done. )請(qǐng)注意下面兩個(gè)句子的含義的不同點(diǎn)：1)Ther

39、e is nothingto do . (無(wú)事可做，感到十分乏味。 )2)There is nothingto be done . (某東西壞了，無(wú)法使之恢復(fù)正常。 )三、不定式符號(hào)to的保留問(wèn)題1、為了避免重復(fù)，可以用to 來(lái)代替前面的不定式，這種情況出現(xiàn)在下列動(dòng)詞之后： expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try；或出現(xiàn)在 be glad / happy, would like / love等的后面。2、如果在省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有：be, have, have been，這些詞要保留。如：1) I havent be

40、entoHong Kong, but I wishto . 我沒(méi)有去過(guò)香港，但我希望去香港。2) - Are you on holiday? -No, but Id liketo be . 你在度假嗎？沒(méi)有，但是我想度假。3) -I didn t tell him the news.我沒(méi)有告訴他那個(gè)消息。- Oh, you oughtto have . 噢，你本應(yīng)該告訴他的四、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)1、動(dòng)名詞或不定式都可以在句中作主語(yǔ)，但在下列句型中常用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。1) It is / was no use / good + doing sth.2) It is / was not any use /

41、 good + doing sth.3)It is / was of little use / good + doing sth.4)It is / was useless + doing sth.如： It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。It is of little good staying up too late every day.每天都熬夜沒(méi)有什么好處若主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)保持形式上的一致。1)Seeing is believing.2 ）To see is to believe.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。五、注意以下表達(dá)的意義區(qū)別falling

42、leaves正在下落的樹(shù)葉fallenleaves已經(jīng)落下的樹(shù)葉boiling water沸騰的水boiled water燒開(kāi)過(guò)的水developing countries發(fā)展中國(guó)家發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家developed countries1)I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon.2) Her job is giving piano lessons to children, but this Sunday her job is to teach the children how to dance.3) The girl let ou

43、t a frightened cry at the sight of the snake.(The girl was frightened.)看到蛇，女孩尖叫起來(lái)。4) His frightening shout scared the boys again.5) The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened.他大吼一聲把那幫男孩給嚇跑了。類(lèi)似的還有：an exciting voice令人興奮的聲音an excited voice興奮的聲音a puzzling look令人迷惑不解的表情a puzzled look困惑的表情【練習(xí)

44、1】1. _ anything about the accident ,he went to work as usual.A. Not knownB. Known notC. KnowingnotD. Not knowing2. Have you decided when_?Yes, tomorrow morning.A. to leaveB. to be leavingC. will you leaveD. are you leaving3. I really enjoy_ that kind of job.A. doB. doingC.to doD. to be doing4.Theres

45、 a holein yourbag.lknow. Iam going to have it_.A. mendB. mendingC.mendedD. to be mended5. The next morning she found the man in bed, _ dead.A. lyingB.lieC.layD. laying6. Tell him_ the window.A. to shut notB. not toshutC. to not shutD. notshut7.The furniture _on October 15 was seriouslydamagedbecause

46、 ofa roadaccident .A. being deliveredB.having deliveredC. having been deliveredD. delivered8. He had his leg_ in the match yesterday.A. to breakB. brokenC.breakD. breaking9. I cant imagine_ that with them.A. dobeing doneB. to doD. doingC.10. Most of the people_ to the party were famous scientists.A.

47、 invitedinvitedB. to inviteD. invitingC. being11. Good morning.Can Ihelpyou? I d likemadam.to have thispackage_,A. be weighedB. to be weighedC. to weighD.weighed12. Slowly she opened the letter, _.A. her hands trembled slightlyslightly her hands were trembledB.C. her hands slightly tremblingher hands slightlyC. trembling13. All