形容詞.副詞語法導學案

1、形容詞、副詞導學案呂愛軍學習要點：1. 了解形容詞、副詞的相關(guān)概念。2. 形容詞、副詞的用法。3. 形容詞、副詞級的構(gòu)成及其用法。學習方法：“先行組織者教學策略”、自主、合作學習、探究、精講多練。一、 概念：請學生看以下例句來思考、分析、概括出形容詞、副詞的概念、區(qū)別及句法功能：1 The beautiful girl is waiting for her boy friend at the entrance to the cinema .2 They are afraid to face some difficulties that stop them developing . 3 We f

2、ind English very useful.4 She got home, hungry and thirsty .5 She usually gets up at six every day .6 He jumped high but ran slowly .7 When and where did you buy the dictionary ?8 Fortunately, they escaped from the fire .小結(jié)：形容詞用于表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或特征，在句子中可作_ _ _ _ (成分)。 副詞一般用作 _ ，修飾動詞、形容詞、介詞短語或全句等，表示時間、地點

3、、方式、程度等概念。寫出以上畫線部分的單詞分別是形容詞還是副詞，并寫出在句中所做成分。Exx: 用所給詞的適當形式填空。1 He often makes _ mistakes. ( care )2 He drove his car so _ that we felt very safe. ( care ).二、幾個相關(guān)的語法概念：1 表語形容詞：afraid, alone, awake, asleep, alive, alike, ashamed, afloat, well, anable,worth, sure etc.思考：這些詞能不能做前置定語？可不可以做補足語 ？可不可以做后置定語？E

4、xx: 翻譯下列各句：1） 令我驚訝的是，交通事故后，司機還活著。2） 交通事故后，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)司機還活著。3） 司機是唯一交通事故后活著的人。2 復合形容詞：請寫出以下復合形容詞的意思及構(gòu)成規(guī)律。1) kind-hearted, cold-blooded.2) red-hot, dark-blue.3) tired-looking, ordinary-looking, easy- going.4) hard-working, fast-moving5) hard-won, newly-built, well-known.2 / 96) life-long, world-famous 7) lon

5、g-term, 8) peace-loving, kite-flying9) snow- covered, hand-made10) six-storeyed, three-legged, four-footed。11) ten-year, 2000-word, two-man, seven-year-old.單項填空：1） It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was _ journey. A three hour B three hours C three-hour D three-hours2) We

6、lived in the _ building.A eleven storeys B eleven-storeyed C eleven storey D eleven-storeys3 無比較級的形容詞：Sorry, wrong, right, possible, perfect, excellent etc.改錯：He is the more excellent of the two.4 主語不能為人的形容詞：Possible, impossible, probable, necessary, convenient, inconvenient. 判斷正誤，并改正。Please come he

7、re if you are convenient.You can go there if you are necessary. It is probable that it will rain today.5 使動詞轉(zhuǎn)換過來的形容詞：Excited/ exciting, satisfied/ satisfying, disappointed /disappointing, etc思考：這類形式的詞你還能列出更多嗎？Exx:用所給詞的適當形式填空：1） He was so _ that he couldnt say a word. (surprise )2） The _ fact made us

8、 silent. ( surprise )3） _, the little boy work out the problem. ( surprise ).6 形容詞名詞化：“定冠詞+形容詞（包括doing 或done）”表示一類人或物，相當于名詞，在句子中做主語或賓語。翻譯： the old, the young, the jobless, the rich, the poor, the blind, the deaf, the dead, the living, the elder, the aged, the wounded.The old are to be taken good car

9、e of. 她覺得幫助病人和傷員是她的責任。7 某些形容詞以-ly結(jié)尾的：Friendly, elderly, deadly, formerly, lively, lovely, lonely, motherly, monthly etc思考： 名詞+-ly = ? 形容詞+-ly = ？ 你能舉出更多的例子嗎？ 三、 形容詞作定語：1 形容詞作后置定語：一般情況下，形容詞作定語放在被修飾詞之前。但在下列情況下，形容詞要放在被修飾詞的后面。1） 形容詞作定語修飾由some-, any-, no-, every-和-body , -thing, -one 等構(gòu)成的復合不定代詞。翻譯：某個重要的人

10、將來我們學校參觀。 你有什么特殊的事要告訴我嗎？2） 以-able或-ble 結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有形容詞最高級或only等詞修飾的名詞后面。That is the only solution possible. 3) 成對的形容詞可以后置。She has many pencils, blue and red.4) 當“形容詞+ 介詞、不定式”構(gòu)成的短語作定語時需后置。The teacher asked me a question too difficult to answer5) 當 old, long, high, wide, deep等詞附有數(shù)量詞短語作定語時，需后置。At that ti

11、me, she was only a girl three yeas old.Exx: 翻譯下列各句：1） 村里的人，男的女的，老的少的，都喜歡唱歌。2） 昨天，我看到了一條大約五米深的井。2 多個形容詞同時修飾一個名詞時，其排列順序一般為：all/both/half/分數(shù)/倍數(shù)/+限定詞(物主代詞/指示代詞/不定代詞)+ 數(shù)詞(序數(shù)詞在前,基數(shù)詞在后)+描繪性形容詞+特征性形容詞(大小/長短/高低+形狀+年齡/新舊+顏色+國籍/出處+物質(zhì)材料+用途/類別+名詞.順序口訣: 限定詞+數(shù)詞+美小圓舊黃、法國木書房。觀察、應用：They are cheerful ,efficient and wa

12、rm-hearted young men. It was a rainy, windy ,unpleasant day.將括號中所給形容詞排序，完成下列句子。We visited some friends, and spent the _ days at the seaside. ( few, sunny, last).This _ girl is my cousin. ( German, little, pretty )四、 副詞的運用副詞一般用來作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語或全句，表示時間、地點、方式、程度等概念1 有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句，作評注性狀語Obviously,

13、your answer is absolutely wrong._ ( 突然)，it rained cats and dogs.2 enough 做副詞，放在被修飾形容詞的后面。她大的足可以照顧自己。思考：- Mary, what did I find ?- Oh, my lost key? I cant thank you too much. ( = I cant thank you much enough.) Cant .enough. 或 cannot /can nevertoo. 再. 也不為過。Exx: 單項選擇：Playing on a frozen sports field so

14、unds like a lot of fun. Isnt it risky, _？A though B also C either D too Trees are good for man. We cant plant them _ many.A so B such C too D enoughThe population of China is _ than that of America.A more B less C larger D smaller3 具有兩種形式的副詞：high 高高地 highly 高度地 ; eg He jumped high, so he was spoken

15、highly of.思考： hard /hardly, close /closely deep /deeply free /freelyLate /lately near / nearly just/justly etc, 你還能舉出更多的例子嗎？五、 形容詞、副詞的級1形容詞和副詞的比較等級分為_ _ _ , 無范圍,用_, 兩者之間的比較用_,三者或三者以上的比較用_.2 請你說出形容詞、副詞比較級、最高級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：并寫出下列詞的比較級、最高級：Cheap _ _ nice _ _ heavy _ _Big _ _ expensive _ _Good/well _ _ little _

16、_Many/much _ _ 3 形容詞、副詞的原級公式：1） 用 as .as. ; not as/so. as., 倍數(shù)放在第一個as 前，名詞可以放在第一個as前，也可放在形容詞后。Eg She is a student as good as you./ She is as good a student as you.He doesnt play half as well as his sister.請記住以下習慣用語的意思：as long as 只要 as soon as 一. 就. as well as 既又 as good as (= very nearly) 與幾乎一樣，幾乎，簡

17、直 as far as . 據(jù)， 遠至。The man was lying on the ground, _ dead.A as possible as B as well as C as soon as D as good as4 比較級公式：1) 比較級前常見的修飾語有：rather, much, even, far, any (用于否定句或疑問句)，a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit, three times 等。I make twice less money in a fortnight than he does in a week

18、.2) “ the + 比較級.， the +比較級”，表示“越，越.”。The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.3) “ the + 比較級+ of the two+ 名詞” 表示“兩個中較.的”。The taller of the two boys is my classmate.4) “ 比較級+and+ 比較級”表示 “越來越.”Colder and colder , more and more difficult請你寫出更多這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)：5)用介詞 by 表示相差的程度。She is taller than I by

19、 three inches. 6) more.than表示： 與其不如.He is more a poet than a scholar.7) 比較的對象不能相互包含，常見的句型是：比較級+than+ any other + 單數(shù)名詞 all (the ) other + 單數(shù)名詞 anyone else any of the other + 復數(shù)名詞 the rest of the + 復數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞China is larger than any other country in Asia.= China is the largest country in Asia.China is

20、 larger than any country in AfricaChina is larger than all the other country in Asia.8) 比較的對象要相同判斷正誤：The climate here is warmer than that of Shanghai.The climate here is warmer than Shanghai.9) 注意比較結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略現(xiàn)象Toms writing ,if not better (后面省略了than Jacks ), is at least as good as Jacks.翻譯下列各句：如果你努力，你的英語會變得越來越好。她喜歡這兩本雜志中較厚的一本。這張桌子比那張桌子長一尺。與其說我是她的老師，不如說我是她的