非謂語動詞-現(xiàn)在分詞的用法ppt課件

1、Grammar and usage -Participles1;.Other types of waste flow into our water, killing river and sea life.2.When people think of factories, they think of clouds of dirty smoke or of pipes pouring chemical waste into rivers.3. They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities and only w

2、orrying about money.4. What I am here to say is that having worked with many environmental consultants, I know that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time.5. Asking around, I find many people willing to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the

3、environment.2;.分詞：分詞：Participles一一 分詞的概述分詞的概述1. 分詞是分詞是“非謂語動詞非謂語動詞”的另一種形式，它有兩種形式：現(xiàn)在分詞（的另一種形式，它有兩種形式：現(xiàn)在分詞（Present Participle）和過去分詞（和過去分詞（Past Participle）。）。 2. 現(xiàn)在分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞：doing 過去分詞：規(guī)則動詞過去分詞：規(guī)則動詞 V+ed 不規(guī)則動詞不規(guī)則動詞 3.分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。在句中分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。在句中 作表語、定語、狀語和賓語補足語。作表語、定語、狀語和賓語補足語。3;.Present Partici

4、ple二、現(xiàn)在分詞二、現(xiàn)在分詞1.語態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動語態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動 Do you know the woman talking to Tom?2. 時態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表進行時態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表進行Dont wake up the sleeping boy.4;.Present Participle3. 3. 現(xiàn)在分詞的形式現(xiàn)在分詞的形式一般式一般式完成式完成式主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)doinghaving donebeing donehaving been done5;.Present Participle4. 現(xiàn)在分詞的功能現(xiàn)在分詞的功能 現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞和副詞的特征，可充

5、當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞和副詞的特征，可充當(dāng)表語、定語、賓語補足語和狀語。表語、定語、賓語補足語和狀語。6;.Present Participle 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語現(xiàn)在分詞作表語 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，起形容詞作用，說明主語的特征及主語所具備的動作功能，回答現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，起形容詞作用，說明主語的特征及主語所具備的動作功能，回答how的問題，可以用的問題，可以用very，quite，rather， greatly等副詞修飾。等副詞修飾。以下動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化。以下動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化。 disappoint, move, surprise, inspire, excite, interest

6、,amaze，frighten，encourage, fascinate等。等。7;.Present Participle 1. The situation both at home and abroad is very inspiring 3. The news was disappointing 2. What he said was very encouraging4.The story is the most fascinatinginspiringencouragingdisappointingfascinating8;.Present Participle現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞作表語時的

7、比較現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞作表語時的比較 1 1、動名詞作表語說明主語的內(nèi)容，回答、動名詞作表語說明主語的內(nèi)容，回答 whatwhat的問題。的問題。 What pleases him most is bathing in the sea. 2 2、動名詞作表語，表語和主語幾乎處于同等地位，可以互、動名詞作表語，表語和主語幾乎處于同等地位，可以互換位置，其句意不變；現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，表語和主語則不換位置，其句意不變；現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，表語和主語則不能互換位置。能互換位置。 Our work is serving the people.What he said is very interesting. 3

8、 3、作表語用的現(xiàn)在分詞除了和、作表語用的現(xiàn)在分詞除了和bebe連用以外，還可以連用以外，還可以和其它的系動詞連用；而作表語的動名詞則通常只和其它的系動詞連用；而作表語的動名詞則通常只能和能和bebe連用。連用。 His speech seems very moving.His interest in writing for the newspapers.9;.Present Participle現(xiàn)在分詞作定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時，和它所修飾的名詞存在邏輯現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時，和它所修飾的名詞存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，?？梢詳U展成一個定語從句。它從上的主謂關(guān)系，?？梢詳U展成一個定語從句。它

9、從以下兩個方面來說明中心詞。以下兩個方面來說明中心詞。A. A. 表示名詞正在進行的動作。表示名詞正在進行的動作。1. Dont wake up the sleeping boy.= Dont wake up the boy _.who is sleeping 2. There are many factories and industries which control the amount of pollution they produce.= there are many factories and industries _controlling the amount of pollut

10、ion they produce10;.Present ParticipleB. 表狀態(tài)，它一般置于所修飾的名詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個表狀態(tài)，它一般置于所修飾的名詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。定語從句。 When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty overcoat, ran to her with joy. =When she appeared, John, who was wearing a dirty overcoat, ran to her with joy.11;.Present Participle現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞作定語時的比較現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞作定語時的

11、比較1 1、動名詞作定語時，表示它所修飾的名詞的性能和用途，、動名詞作定語時，表示它所修飾的名詞的性能和用途，和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上沒有主謂關(guān)系；和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上沒有主謂關(guān)系； a swimming girl a girl who is swimminga walking stick a stick that is used for walking2、現(xiàn)在分詞作定語有時可以后置，而動名詞則通常只能、現(xiàn)在分詞作定語有時可以后置，而動名詞則通常只能放在它所修飾的名詞之前。放在它所修飾的名詞之前。 .The girl wearing glasses is one of his studen

12、ts 戴眼鏡的那個女孩是他的一個學(xué)生。戴眼鏡的那個女孩是他的一個學(xué)生。 .I bought some reading materials我買了一些閱讀材料。我買了一些閱讀材料。 12;.Present Participle現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語，說明賓語是動作的執(zhí)行者。現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語，說明賓語是動作的執(zhí)行者。A. 作感官動詞的賓語補足語作感官動詞的賓語補足語listen tohearseelook atwatchnoticefeelObserve+sb +doing13;.Present ParticipleA cook will be immedi

13、ately fired if he is found _in the kitching. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 2.The missing boy was last seen _near the bank of the lake. A. play B. played C. to play D. playing14;.Present ParticipleB. 作使役動詞作使役動詞(have, get, keep, send, leave, catch)等的賓語補足語，等的賓語補足語， 表示表示“使使進行進行/處于處于(某種狀態(tài)某種狀態(tài)

14、)”強調(diào)動作或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)性。強調(diào)動作或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)性。Can you keep the clocking going?They often have the tractors working in the fields during the busy time.3. What the teacher said sent us thinking.4. He caught the girl cheating in the exam.5. Leave him standing outside.15;.Present Participle現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示主動和進行?？稍?/p>

15、句中作現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示主動和進行?？稍诰渲凶鲿r間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步、伴隨或方式等時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步、伴隨或方式等狀語。狀語。A. A. 作時間狀語，可以表示三個時間概念作時間狀語，可以表示三個時間概念16;.Present Participle（1） 動作和謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生，相當(dāng)于動作和謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生，相當(dāng)于 as soon as17;.Present Participle(2)(2)謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生在分詞動作的過程中，謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生在分詞動作的過程中，表示在表示在“做某事期間做某事期間”相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于when/whilewhen/whileWalking

16、 in the street, I came across an old friend.When I walked in the street18;.Present Participle(3) (3) 分詞動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前，分詞要用分詞動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前，分詞要用完成形式。完成形式。 Having worked with many environmental consultants, I know that a healthy environment.19;.Present ParticipleB. 作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于because/as引導(dǎo)的原因引導(dǎo)的原因

17、狀語從句。狀語從句。(1) Being ill, he didnt go to school.(2) Not knowing what to do next, he went to his teacher for advice.(3) Having seen the film many times , he didnt go to see it last night.Because he was illAs he didnt knowBecause he had seen20;.Present ParticipleC. C. 作條件狀語，相當(dāng)于作條件狀語，相當(dāng)于ifif引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。引導(dǎo)

18、的條件狀語從句。Using your head, youll find a way.D. 作讓步狀語，相當(dāng)于作讓步狀語，相當(dāng)于although/ though引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。讓步狀語從句。Although getting up early, he was late for school.E. 作伴隨（方式）狀語，表示和謂語的動作同時作伴隨（方式）狀語，表示和謂語的動作同時發(fā)生，相當(dāng)于并列連詞連接的兩個并列的動作。發(fā)生，相當(dāng)于并列連詞連接的兩個并列的動作。They sat there on the stone,talking with each other.21;.Present Pa

19、rticipleF. F. 作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然的結(jié)果。作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然的結(jié)果。 Other types of waste flow into our water, killing river and sea life. The mother died, leaving five children behind.不定式作狀語，表示意外或事與愿違的結(jié)果。不定式作狀語，表示意外或事與愿違的結(jié)果。He hurried to the station, only to be told the train had just left.22;.Present ParticipleG. G. 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

20、（現(xiàn)在分詞有自己的邏輯主語）獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（現(xiàn)在分詞有自己的邏輯主語）Weather permitting, well go picnicing.Mother being ill, he stayed at home to look after her.There being no bus, we had to walk home.The day being fine, we decided to go swimming.主句和從句的主語不相同。主句和從句的主語不相同。狀語從句。狀語從句。從句省略了連接此狀語從句的連詞。從句省略了連接此狀語從句的連詞。主語主語+vingIf weather permits,Because his mother was ill23;.Present Participle1