定語從句關(guān)系詞選定(DOC)

1、定語從句關(guān)系詞選定1,that,which,who,whom,whose,where,when,why分別的使用場合 各種關(guān)系代詞的使用方法 a）關(guān)系代詞 who 的用法i. who 的前行詞必須是人，在從句中可以擔(dān)任主語，往往也可以代替在從句中擔(dān)任賓語的whom，但是它前邊不能有介詞，如果帶了介詞就必須用賓格的 whom:（介詞+whom）This is the teacher who teaches us mathematics.She is the girl who (whom) I met at the party.（可以替代）She is the girl whom (who) I

2、went there with.（可以替代）She is the girl with whom I went there.（不可替代）ii. who， that 在很多情況下可以通用，但是有些情況只能用who:1. 先行詞是 one, ones, anyone的時(shí)候宜用 who.One who has no thi ng to fear for on eself dares to tell the truth.The ones who flatter me don t please me.Don t tell anyone about the news who oughtn t to know

3、 it.Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.2. 先行詞為 those 的時(shí)候，宜用 who 為關(guān)系代詞Those who were not fit for their work could not seethe beautiful clothes made of themagic cloth.Those who want to go to the Great Wall sig n up here.3. 當(dāng)先行詞有比較長的 后置定語的時(shí)候I met a foreig ner in the street y

4、esterday who could asked me questi ons in Chin ese.4. 一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè) 定語從句，其中一個(gè)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞為that,另一個(gè)則用 who.The boy that you met last ni ght is the group leader who studies very hard.在 there be 開頭的句子中 There is an old man who wants to see you.There are many young men who are aga inst him.b）關(guān)系代詞 whose 的用法whose

5、是代詞的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。當(dāng)代物的時(shí)候，它相當(dāng)于of which.I saw a woma n whose bag was stole n.I II call a person whose father knows you.Which is the car whose owner you know? (Which is the car the owner of which you know)Please show me the book whose cover is red.(Please show me the book the cover of which is red)c）

6、關(guān)系代詞 that 的用法首先特別注意，that 只能用在限疋性疋語從句中，在非限定性定語從句 中永遠(yuǎn)不能選用that,另外介詞后邊也不可用that,而是跟 which.在限定性定語從句中，which 和 that 在代替物的時(shí)候，一般可以通用。The money that (which) is in the wallet is mine.有些情況下，只宜用 that,而不宜用 whichi.先行詞是最高級(jí)形容詞或者它前面有最高級(jí)形容詞的時(shí)候This is the best that has bee n used aga inst polluti on.En glish is the most

7、 difficult subject that you will lear n duri ng these years.ii.先行詞是序數(shù)詞，或者它前面有一個(gè)序數(shù)詞的時(shí)候He is the last pers on (that) I want to see.It is the first American movie of this kind that I ve ever seen.iii. 主句已有疑問詞 who 或者 which 的時(shí)候Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the woma n that was praixed at the meet

8、i ng?iv. 先行詞既有人又有物，宜用thatDo you know the things and pers ons that they are talk ing about?The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station.v.先行詞是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代詞時(shí)You should hand in all that you have.W

9、e haven t got much that we can offer you. |I mean the one that you talked about just now.vi. 先行詞前面 Only, any, few, little, no, all, one of, the same, the very等詞修飾的時(shí)候The only thing that we can do is to give you some mon ey.Li Ming is the only one that wants to be a teacher.Li Ming is one of the stude

10、 nts that want to be teachers in our class.vii. 有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which,另外一個(gè)宜用 that.Edis on built up a factory which produced thi ngs that had n ever bee n see n before.d)關(guān)系代詞 which 的用法在非限定性定語從句中，只宜用 which,不宜用 that.Beiji ng, which is the capital of Chin a, is a very beautiful city. |在限定性定語從句中which 和

11、 that 在指代物的時(shí)候常常可以通用，但是有時(shí)只宜用which而不用 thati. 關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞的時(shí)候This is the hotel in which you will stay.ii. 如果有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中的一句的關(guān)系詞是that,另一句宜用 which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was n ewly ope n to us.關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于介詞+ which結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和介詞+ which結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如： There are o

12、ccasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。Beijing is the place where ( in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why (for which ) he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理 由嗎?that 代替關(guān)系副詞，可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代 when, where, why 和介詞+which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在口語中that 常被省略。例如： His father died the year

13、 ( that / whe n / in which ) he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。He is un likely to find the place ( that / where / in which ) he lived forty years ago. 他不大 可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。2 關(guān)系代詞與介詞，關(guān)系代詞的省略a)關(guān)系代詞和介詞 介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí)，介詞短語只能用This is the hero of whom we are proud.I want to find the very pen with which I wrote that l

14、etter.當(dāng)介詞放在句子的末尾時(shí)，可用 that/which 代物，that/whom/who 來作為介詞的賓語，且這個(gè)做介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞往往忽略This is the hero that (who/whom/ 忽略)we are proud of.b)關(guān)系代詞的省略首先注意只有限定性定語從句才能省略，非限定性定語從句絕對(duì)不能省略。在下列情況下，可以省略關(guān)系代詞。i.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞賓語的時(shí)候The people (who) we met at the party were very frien dly to us.ii. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞，而介詞在句尾時(shí)Here is t

15、he man (that) you have beenlook ing for.iii. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時(shí)Sha ng Hai is no Ion ger the city (that) it used to be.iv. 在 there be 句型中，和先行詞為 way 時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞總是省略There is an old man (who ) wants to see you. I don tlike the way (that) you talk to somebody else.注意，有些動(dòng)詞+介詞所組成的短語動(dòng)詞，關(guān)系非常緊密，介詞不能前置定語從句注意事項(xiàng)a) one of +

16、復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+復(fù)數(shù)型動(dòng)詞the (only) one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+單數(shù)型動(dòng)詞which 代物，和用 whom 代人The Great Wall is one of the world-famous build ings that draw lots of visitors.Titanic is the (only) one of the most wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.b) What 不能用于疋語從句中。as, which 非限定性定語從句由 as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，a

17、s 和 which 可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于 and this 或 and that。As 一般放在句首，which 在句中。例如： As we know, smok ing is harmful to on es health.如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。The sun heats the earth, which is very importa nt to us.太陽使地球暖起來，這對(duì)我們?nèi)祟惡苤匾?。先行詞和關(guān)系詞二合一1)Whoever spits in public will be puni shed here. ( Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)2)The paren

18、ts will use what they have to send their son to technical school.( what 可以用 all that 代替)what/whatever; that/what; who/whoever 1)what = the thing which ； whatever = anything。例如： What you want has bee n sent here.你要的動(dòng)詞都送來了。Whatever you want makes no differe nee to me.2) who= the pers on that whoever= anyone who 。例如： (錯(cuò))Who breaks the law will be punished. (錯(cuò))Whoever robbed the bank is notclear.(對(duì))Whoever breaks the law will be punished.王子犯法，與庶民