高中非謂語動(dòng)詞

1、 非謂語非謂語非謂語非謂語：不作謂語，是改寫從句的一種形式。 He told us that we should go to school. He told us to go to school.This is the story that is told by her. This is the story told by her .When I was young, I also liked games.Being young, I also liked games.He came home and cried(并列句）.He came home, crying.非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 v-

2、ing分詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 v-ing過去分詞過去分詞 p.p動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式 to do主語主語賓語賓語定語定語狀語狀語補(bǔ)語補(bǔ)語表語表語動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞不定式不定式分詞分詞主動(dòng)進(jìn)行用現(xiàn)分被動(dòng)完成用過分目的將來不定式用途性質(zhì)用動(dòng)名1.Swimming is his favorite sport. 2.He enjoys swimming. 3.His favorite sport is swimming.4.The swimming pool in our village is being built. 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞注意注意動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式1. To see you is glad.

3、=It is glad to see you. 2.I want to see you.3.I want him to see you. 4.My hope is to see you.（作主語）（作主語）(作賓語）作賓語）（作賓補(bǔ)）（作賓補(bǔ)）(作表語）作表語）常用常用it 作形式主語作形式主語（作定語）（作定語）（作原因狀語）（作原因狀語）（作目的狀語）（作目的狀語）（作結(jié)果狀語）（作結(jié)果狀語）5.He has no time to see you.6.Im glad to see you.7.Im coming to see you.8.He went so early as to see

4、 you9. To look at him, you would like him.（作條件狀語）（作條件狀語）句型句型1：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.It is + adj + for sb to do sthIt is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品質(zhì)的是形容人的品質(zhì)的 ）（是形容事物的性質(zhì)的是形容事物的性質(zhì)的 ）Eg. It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birt

5、hday party. (1)作主語作主語 It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.句型句型2：It + 謂語謂語 + to do句型句型3：Its + n. + to doIt takes us an hour _ get there by bus.Its our duty _ help the poor.1.常見動(dòng)詞有：常見動(dòng)詞有：口訣：想要決定同意，希望許諾選擇口訣：想要決定同意，希望許諾選擇 want/intend/mean, de

6、cide/determine, agree, hope/wish/expect, promise, choose(2)作賓語作賓語 2.見動(dòng)名詞用法見動(dòng)名詞用法 (3)作賓補(bǔ)作賓補(bǔ) 分詞分詞1.Make less noise，theres a sleeping child. We only sell used books.2.The young man sitting between John and Mary is the headmaster of our school. The bridge built last month needs repairing.3.She was too f

7、rightened to move. What you said is really inspiring. 2.作后置定語作后置定語3.作表語作表語1.作前置定語作前置定語現(xiàn)分和過分作現(xiàn)分和過分作定語定語的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別：boiling water 正在沸騰的水（表正在進(jìn)行）boiled water 開水（表完成）developing countries 發(fā)展中國家developed countries 發(fā)達(dá)國家a disappointing look 一個(gè)令人失望的表情a disappointed look 一個(gè)失望的表情注：修飾的表情、臉色、情感等要用v-ed.Eg. With a disa

8、ppointed look on his face, he looked very sad.（復(fù)印資料）I saw him caught by the police. I heard them singing in the classroom.4.作補(bǔ)語作補(bǔ)語現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動(dòng)完成現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動(dòng)完成1. Seeing from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory.2.Seen from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.3.

9、 Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying.4. Given more time, we could do it better. 5.作狀語作狀語分詞作分詞作狀語狀語：復(fù)印資料練習(xí)一般式一般式完成式完成式被動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 doinghaving donebeing done不定式不定式to do (將做)to have done(將完成)to be done(將被做)分詞分詞donedoing(正在)/having done()/being done(正在被做)非謂的不同形式非謂的不同形式否定式：在之前加“not” 1.The bui

10、lding being repaired is our library. 2.The question being discussed is very important. 3.Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons. 4. Not having received his fathers letter, he decided to make a call to him.不定式和分詞作不定式和分詞作補(bǔ)語補(bǔ)語的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別：1. “吾看三室兩廳一感覺吾看三室兩廳一感覺”5看：see、watch、look at、not

11、ice、observe3使：make、let、have2聽：hear、listen to1感覺：feelEg: I often hear him sing this song. He is often heard _ the song to singdo 讓做done 讓 被做do 讓做be done 讓 被做to do 讓做doing 讓做done 讓 被做do讓做doing讓持續(xù)做done讓 被做注意：1.have sth. done 還表示 “使遭受”Eg: Mr.Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.

12、2. have sb. doing 用于否定句中表示 “容忍”Eg:I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.2. leave、keep、set、find、catch、withsb. to do 留下某人去做某事sb./sth. doing 讓某人/某物一直做某事sth. to be done 留下某事要做sth. undone留下某事未做(unfinished、unsettledsb./sth. doing 讓某人/某物一直做某事sb./sth done讓某人/某物被 (表示被動(dòng)且完成/ 表示狀態(tài))Eg: Keep the engine e

13、ndn running. We should keep the windows closed.sb./sth. doing 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物正在做.sb./sth done發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物已經(jīng) (表示完成/ 狀態(tài))sb./ sth. (to be) 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物Eg: We found him (to be ) dishonest. sb. doing 撞見某人正在做.Eg: I caught him reading my private letter.sb./sth. doing 表示主動(dòng)且進(jìn)行/ 表示特征sth. being done 表示被動(dòng)且進(jìn)行sth. done表示被動(dòng)且完成/ 表示狀

14、態(tài)sth. to do表示將來Eg: With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the man is having a hard time.用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使句子完整、正確用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使句子完整、正確。 1.Let me _(help) you _ (water) the flowers.2.Little Sandy would love _(take) to the cinema this evening. 3. Though he often made his deskmate _(cry), today h

15、e was made _(cry) by his deskmate.4. I saw him _ into the small store.A. wentB. goingC. to goD. has gone5. Tell the boy _ out of the window.A. not to look B. to not lookC. dont lookD. not look help(to)waterto takecryto cry1.The house is not big enough for us all_.A. to live inB. to be lived in C. to

16、 live D. for living in2. Would you please pass me the knife _?A. to cut the fruit withB. to cut the fruit C. cutting the fruitD. cutting the fruit with3.I have something important to say.please find a piece of paper （寫上）（寫上） 4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen （寫）（寫）to write

17、onto write with動(dòng)詞不定式做定語動(dòng)詞不定式做定語五.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)1).物主代詞物主代詞 / 名詞所有格名詞所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 在句中作主語在句中作主語: Marys coming late made her teacher angry. Do you mind my smoking? Do you mind my reading your paper? Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Roses going wont be of much help. 2).人稱代詞賓格人稱代詞賓格 / 名詞名詞

18、 + 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 在句中作賓語在句中作賓語: Im sure of him coming on time. He has never heard of a woman being a pilot. I dont mind Jack (him) going. She hates young people (them) smoking. Given more time, we could do it better.3.由There being +主語這種結(jié)構(gòu)多表示原因。例如：There being a lot of books to read, he often studied till mid

19、night.因?yàn)橛性S多書要讀，他經(jīng)常學(xué)習(xí)到深夜。Thanks a lot!不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別：不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別：A: 如果要說明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰做的， 可以在不定式前加一個(gè)由 for 引起的短語。B: 下列形容詞作表語時(shí)，不定式前常加一個(gè) of 引起的短語，這些形容詞是： (表評(píng)價(jià)性的，來說明邏輯主語的性質(zhì)，特征，屬性） kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, wrong, right, careless, rude, polite,naughty etc.to do 表示具體的動(dòng)作，

20、表示具體的動(dòng)作，-ing form表示泛指的動(dòng)作，通表示泛指的動(dòng)作，通常常（3）做表語：主語）做表語：主語+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+不定式不定式1). 其主語多為抽象名詞其主語多為抽象名詞(wish, need) My wish is to be a scientist. The main thing is to keep our room clean.2).be to do可構(gòu)成將來時(shí)態(tài)可構(gòu)成將來時(shí)態(tài),表表 “準(zhǔn)備準(zhǔn)備/打算打算/計(jì)劃計(jì)劃/需需要要”; She is to return next week.It was about to leave when it started to rain.不定

21、式動(dòng)詞在介詞不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞but，except，besides后面時(shí)，如果這些介后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶不帶to，否則要，否則要帶帶to。 She could do nothing but cry What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to go(4)作定語作定語 不定式作定語時(shí)，不定式作定語時(shí)， 通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。不定式常和它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：不定式常和它所

22、修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如： I have a lot of work to do. Here are some books for you to read. She was the first person to think of the idea. They made a plan to study English . He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall. 不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞but，except，besides后面時(shí)，如果這些介后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式的各種形

23、式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶不帶to，否則要，否則要帶帶to。 She could do nothing but cry What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to go(4)作定語作定語 不定式作定語時(shí)，不定式作定語時(shí)， 通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。不定式常和它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：不定式常和它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如： I have a lot of work to do. Here are some books for you to read. She was the

24、first person to think of the idea. They made a plan to study English . He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall. 1). 目的狀語目的狀語: 可放于句首可放于句首,也可放于句末也可放于句末, 前面可加前面可加in order/so as/soas to表強(qiáng)調(diào)表強(qiáng)調(diào). He went to see the artist himself. He stopped to have a look. He ran so fast as to get to school in time2

25、). 結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語:主要用在主要用在enough to/tooto/only to結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。The question is too difficult to answer.They worked hard enough to finish their work.3). 原因狀語原因狀語: 主語主語+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+adj.+ to do表表感情的感情的adj.有有: happy, surprised, pleased, glad, sorry, anxious(憂慮憂慮), disappointed, careful, afraid, wrong.Im very sorry to se

26、e you.He was afraid to leave him home 動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式保留了動(dòng)詞的一些特征，具有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，動(dòng)詞不定式保留了動(dòng)詞的一些特征，具有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，但是它的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)只有以下幾種，見下表。但是它的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)只有以下幾種，見下表。 語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài) 主 動(dòng) 語 態(tài) 被 動(dòng) 語 態(tài) 一般時(shí) to make to be made 進(jìn)行時(shí) to be making 完成時(shí) to have made to have been made 完成進(jìn)行時(shí) to have been makingWhen I got home, my son happened to

27、 be watching TV. 如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，要用完成式。如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，要用完成式。 She is said to have read thirty novels this year. Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long After graduation, he asked to be sent to work in the countryside. This novel is said to have been translated into French.選出下面習(xí)題正確答案選出下面習(xí)題正確答案1

28、 -Im hungry, and I want to eat the cake. -What! it is not good_ A. for eating B. to be eaten C. to eat D.at eating 2 Its important_ and helpful. A. to kind B. be kind C. kind D.to be kind3.It took Alice and me an hour _out the problem.A. to work B. working C.work D.for working.4.I found it very important _ English well. A. learning B. learn C. to learn D.learned 5.Its very nice _you to _me about it. A. for; tell B. of; say C. to; speak D.of; tell怎樣區(qū)分動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞怎樣區(qū)分動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞My job is teaching.換位法換位法Her job is getting everything in order in the officeThe play is exciting. Exciting is