中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)大全

1、介 詞I. 要點(diǎn)1、介詞和種類(1) 簡(jiǎn)單介詞，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。(2) 復(fù)合介詞，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。2、介詞和其他詞類的習(xí)慣搭配關(guān)系(1) 和動(dòng)詞的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。(2) 和形容詞的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different fro

2、m, good at(3) 和名詞的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.3、介詞短語(yǔ)可以有自己的修飾語(yǔ)，這種修飾語(yǔ)通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少數(shù)幾個(gè)副詞。如：He came right after dinner.He lives directly opposite the school.4、 某些介詞的意義與用法舉例(1) at, on, in(表時(shí)間)表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight

3、等；表示不確定的時(shí)間或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。指長(zhǎng)于或短于一天的時(shí)段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。(2) between, among(表位置)between僅用于二者之間，但說(shuō)三者或三者以上中的每?jī)蓚€(gè)之間的相互關(guān)系時(shí)，也用between, 如I&

4、#39;m sitting between Tom and Alice.The village lies between three hills.among用于三者或三者以上之間。如：He is the best among the students.(3) beside, besidesbeside意為"在旁邊"，而besides意為"除之外"。如：He sat beside me.What do you want besides this?(4)in the tree, on the treein the tree 指動(dòng)物或人在樹(shù)上，而on the

5、tree 指果實(shí)、樹(shù)葉長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上(5)on the way, in the way, by the way, in this wayon the way 指在路上 in the way 指擋道by the way 指順便問(wèn)一句 in this way 用這樣的方法(6)in the corner, at the cornerin the corner 指在拐角內(nèi) at the corner 指在拐角外(7)in the morning, on the morningin the morning 是一般說(shuō)法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨(8)by bus, on the busb

6、y bus 是一般說(shuō)法 on the bus 特指乘某一輛車 II. 例題例1 Do you know any other foreign language_ English?A except B but C beside D besides解析：A、B兩項(xiàng)except等于but，意為"除了"，C-beside意為"在旁邊"，不符合題意。而D-besides, 意為"除了之外，還有"。所以該題正確答案為D。該題意為：除了英語(yǔ)外，你還知道別的語(yǔ)言嗎？例2 He suddenly returned _ a rainy night.A on

7、 B at C in D during解析：我們均知道，at night這一短語(yǔ)，但如果night前有修飾詞，表具體的夜晚，則要用介詞on來(lái)修飾，故該題正確答案為A。例3 I'm looking forward _your letter.A to B in C at D on解析：該題正確答案為A。look forward to 為固定搭配，意為"期望、盼望"。連詞I. 要點(diǎn)1、 連詞的種類(1) 并列連詞用來(lái)連接并列關(guān)系的詞、短語(yǔ)或分句，如and, for, or, bothand, eitheror, neithernor等。(2) 從屬連詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句，如th

8、at, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。除了從屬連詞(引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句)外，還有其它可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句的詞類。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句)，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞(引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)。 2、 常用連詞舉例(1)and 和，并且 They drank and sang all night.(2) bothand 和， 既也Both my parents and I went there.(3) but 但是，而I'm sad, but he is happy.(4) eitheror 或或， 要么要么Either you're wron

9、g, or I am.(5) for因?yàn)镮 asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.(6) however 然而，可是Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.(7) neithernor 既不也不Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.(8) not onlybut(also) 不但而且He not only sings well, but also dances wel

10、l.(9) or 或者，否則Hurry up, or you'll be late.Are you a worker or a doctor?(10) so 因此，所以It's getting late, so I must go.(11) although 雖然Although it was late, they went on working.(12) as soon as 一 就I'll tell him as soon as I see him.(13) because 因?yàn)镠e didn't go to school, because he was i

11、ll.(14)unless 除非，如果不I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.(15)until 直到He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬間動(dòng)詞用于not until 結(jié)構(gòu)) He stayed there until eleven.(16)while 當(dāng)時(shí)候，而 (表示對(duì)比)While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬間動(dòng)詞)My pen is red while his is blue. (17)for 因?yàn)镠e was ill, for

12、he didn't come. (結(jié)論是推斷出來(lái)的)(18)since自從I have lived here since my uncle left.(19)hardly when 一 就I had hardly got to the station when the train left.(20)as far as 就 來(lái)說(shuō)As far as I know, that country is very small.You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里) II. 例題例1 John plays football _, if not bette

13、r than, David.A as well B as well as C so well D so well as解析：該題意為：John踢足球如果不比David好的話，那也踢得和David一樣好。 和一樣好為as well as. 故該題正確答案為B.例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.A when B where C which D while解析：該處意為"然而"，只有while有此意思，故選D。例3 Would y

14、ou like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away?A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise解析：該處意為"或者"，正確答案為C。 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)I. 要點(diǎn)1、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(1) 表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)，常與sometimes, always, often, every day等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school. (2) 表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)等。如：The earth goes round t

15、he sun. 2、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(1) 表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與now, at present等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：What are you doing now? (2) 和always, continually等連用，表一種經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動(dòng)作，常含有某種情感。如：He is always doing good deeds.3、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響，或動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去，常與just, already, so far, once, never 等詞連用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing?4、一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將

16、來(lái)某一時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow, next year等連用。如：I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.We're going to see a film next Monday.5、一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。如：It happened many years ago. 6、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)期正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：What were you d

17、oing this time yesterday?7、 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。如：The train had already left before we arrived. 8、一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示說(shuō)話人從過(guò)去的角度來(lái)看將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：He said he would come, but he didn't.9、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)，以give為例。 時(shí)式 一般 進(jìn)行 完成 現(xiàn)在 am is given are am is being are has been given have 過(guò)去 was given were was being g

18、iven were had been given 將來(lái) shall be given will shall have been given will 過(guò)去將來(lái) should be given would should have been given would II.例題例1 I learned that her father _ in 1950.A had died B died C dead D is dead解析：該題正確答案為B。從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作雖然發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前，但因從句中有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in 1950, 所以不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，而用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。例2 The f

19、ive-year-old girl _ by her parents.A is looked B has looked forC is being looked for D has been looked解析：該題正確答案為C。在帶有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中，介詞不能省，否則就變成了不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，而不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中。 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞I. 要點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)中有許多短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在意義上是一個(gè)整體，其用法有的相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，有的相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞，有的兼有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的特征。英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成主要有以下六種：(1) 動(dòng)詞介詞常見(jiàn)的有l(wèi)ook for, look after, send for,

20、care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后。如：Don't laugh at others.I didn't care about it.(2) 動(dòng)詞副詞常見(jiàn)的有g(shù)ive up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊；賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：You'll hand in your homework

21、tomorrow.Please don't forget to hand it in.(3) 動(dòng)詞副詞介詞常見(jiàn)的有l(wèi)ook down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后邊。如：All his money added up to no more than $100.After a short rest, he went on with his research work.(4) 動(dòng)詞名詞介詞常見(jiàn)的有take care of, make use of, pay atten

22、tion to, make fun of 等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后邊。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.We should make full use of our time.(5) 動(dòng)詞形容詞常見(jiàn)的有l(wèi)eave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是名詞，則賓語(yǔ)可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊；賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如： The prisoners were set free.He cut it open.(6) 動(dòng)詞名詞常見(jiàn)的有take place,

23、make friends等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如：This story took place three years ago.I make friends with a lot of people.(7)辨析give away(讓給，暴露) 和 give up(放棄，停止)put away(放起，收起) 和 put out (撲滅)turn up(出席，放大) 和 turn on (打開(kāi))keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不讓靠近)make up(編造，補(bǔ)上) 和 make out(辨認(rèn))take off(脫，起飛) 和 take out(拿出)II. 例題例1 It

24、 is wise to have some money _ for old age.A put away B kept up C given away D laid up解析：該題正確uot;；give away意為"分發(fā)"；lay up"貯藏"。例2 Here's my card. Let's keep in _.A touch B relation C connection D friendship解析：該題正確答案為A. keep in touch為短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，意為"保持聯(lián)系"。例3 _! There's

25、a train coming.A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on解析：該題選A. look out 意為"小心"。 動(dòng)詞不定式I. 要點(diǎn)1、 不定式的形式。以動(dòng)詞write為例。 式語(yǔ)態(tài) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 一般式 to write to be written 完成式 to have written to have been written 進(jìn)行式 to be writing 完成進(jìn)行式 to have been writing 2、 不定式的句法功能(1) 作主語(yǔ)To hear from you is nic

26、e.To be a good teacher is not easy.不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主語(yǔ)，而不定式置于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后。如：It's nice to hear from you.It's not easy to be a good teacher.(2) 作賓語(yǔ)通常用于want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等詞后。如：I forgot to lock the door.Please

27、 remember to write to me.(3) 作表語(yǔ)My job is to pick up letters.He seemed to have heard nothing.(4) 作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，須放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后。如：I have two letters to write.I have a lot of work to do.(5) 作賓補(bǔ)通常用于want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等詞后。如：He ordered her to leave at once.He was forced to obey his order.(6) 作狀語(yǔ)He got up early to