大學(xué)英語(1)考前輔導(dǎo)

1、大學(xué)英語（1）考前輔導(dǎo) 考試題型詞匯：Vocabulary and structure 25%閱讀理解：Reading comprehension 40%完形填空：Cloze 10%詞語變形：Word building 10%翻譯：Translation 15% 復(fù)習(xí)范圍四套階段練習(xí)考前輔導(dǎo)ppt.詞匯Vocabularyshare n. 一份、分擔(dān)量 v. 分享、共用If you want a share of the pay, youll have to do your fair share of the work.要想得到一份報(bào)酬，你就必須做好你該分擔(dān)的那份工作。 They have s

2、hared (with each other) the joys and hardships of life for more than twenty ention n. 目的，意圖contact n. v. 聯(lián)系、接觸The trapped tourists are trying to establish contact with the outer world.How can I contact you when youre in Paris?in/ out of contact with 與有/無聯(lián)系have/ lose contact with 與有/無聯(lián)系exten

3、d，expandextend 延伸，延長(zhǎng)Cant you extend your visit for a few days? expand 使膨脹，擴(kuò)充To learn a foreign language well, one should also expand his knowledge of the foreign country.involve: v. 卷入，涉及；包含，包括He was also involved in the crime. Programming is not a simple thing; it involves a lot of advanced knowled

4、ge of mathematics and computer science.be involved in 卷入addition n. 補(bǔ)充、增加The addition of fruit makes the cake taste better. Ann will be a very useful addition to our team. In addition to giving a general introduction to computer, the course also provides practical experience. 課程除了一般介紹電腦知識(shí)外，還提供實(shí)際操作的機(jī)

5、會(huì)。 mental, moralmental 精神的，腦力的She had an unusual degree of self-reliance and mental toughness. 她有非凡的自立的精神和堅(jiān)韌不拔的精神。 moral 道德的Your actions contradict your declared moral principles.arise v. 起來、出現(xiàn)、發(fā)生 Accidents often arise from carelessness.Unexpected difficulties arose in the course of their experiment

6、.在他們進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程中，出現(xiàn)了意想不到的困難。 rise n. v. 上升、升起、起床 There will be a rise in unemployment next year. The population of the city has risen to five million.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. Its a good custom to rise early.raise n. v. 舉起、使升起、上升I am going to ask the boss for a raise. Hotels usuall

7、y raise their prices in (the) high season.Please raise your hand if you have any question.shiftn.當(dāng)班時(shí)間；改變，轉(zhuǎn)移I usually work the night shift, which is from 10 at night till 6 in the morning.v. 移動(dòng)，轉(zhuǎn)移She shifted her gaze from me to Bobby with a look of suspicion. technique, technologyIn many sports physi

8、cal fitness is not as important as technique. 在許多體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中，體能沒有技巧重要。The development of the information technology is the greatest technological advance of the 20th century. 信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展是二十世紀(jì)工業(yè)技術(shù)上的最大進(jìn)步。science and technologydeliver -*-v. 投遞、發(fā)表 The postman rang the bell because he had a parcel/ letter to deliv

9、er.That famous thinker was asked to deliver a speech at the meeting.attempt n. v.試圖、嘗試concentrate v. 集中、專心 Having failed my English exams, I decided to concentrate on science subjects.我因英語考試不及格而決心專攻理科. We must concentrate our attention on efficiency.We must concentrate our efforts/ energy on improvi

10、ng education. afford v.擔(dān)負(fù)得起、經(jīng)受得住We cant afford to pay such a price.A new car is out of the question - we cant afford.買新車談不到我們買不起。We havent considered whether we could afford the time or not. 我們還沒考慮能否抽得出時(shí)間。recall, remindminor, majorminor a. 次要的，較小的The car was slightly damaged and needed only minor re

11、pairs.major a. 重要的，較大的He has hardly made any major mistakes in his work.rough, toughrough 粗糙的、粗略的、無禮的They built a rough model out of sticks and wire.He has a rough outside, but a good heart.tough 強(qiáng)硬的、堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的、困難的This material is as tough as leather.The company faces tough duct, production,

12、 productivitymeans n. 方法、手段、工具 Radio and television are important means of communication.無線電和電視是重要的通信手段。We express our thought by means of words. damage n. v. 損害、破壞 An earthquake sometimes causes great damage. The accident did a lot of damage to the car.The rainstorm came pouring down and damaged th

13、e crops.Cf. destroy except, except for, besidesThey are almost all newcomers except me.The room was empty except for a broken wood chair.The Chinese nation includes more than50 national minorities besides the Hans.decade n. 十、十年 Prices have risen steadily during the past decade.This struggle is goin

14、g to go on and its likely to be decided in the next decade.這一對(duì)抗還將會(huì)持續(xù)下去，并可能在下一個(gè)十年中得出結(jié)果。amaze v. 使吃驚、驚奇 He amazed everyone by passing his driving test.We were amazed at/by the change in his appearance.Everyone is amazed at his fluency when he speaks Chinese.pull into 駛?cè)隩he train pulled into the statio

15、n at 7 sharp.We hurried to the platform, only to find the train was pulling out of the station.make use of 利用You should make good use of the time in class to listen to what the teacher says.你應(yīng)好好利用上課時(shí)間聽老師講課。hold back/ up/ out/ onhold backHearing the news, she could hardly hold back her tears.hold upT

16、he building work was held up by the bad weather.hold outThe people held out until help arrived.hold onCould you hold on? Ill see if hes e up with: 想出（plan、answer、ways、solution等）He came up with a solution to the problem at the meeting. keep up with 趕上Jane tried hard to keep up with the other st

17、udents in class.put up with 容忍，忍受I cant put up with that kind of rude behavior.in spite of 盡管In spite of poor health, Old Arthur was always cheerful.In spite of all the rain that had fallen, the ground was still pretty dry.instead of 而是Can we change our meeting to Friday instead of Wednesday?He didn

18、t go to the library as he had planned. Instead, he went to see a film with his girlfriend.break off/ down/ in/ outin case of 若發(fā)生、要是In case of fire, sound the alarm and leave the building immediately.Take an umbrella in case of rain.exactly, gradually, reluctantly, eventuallyin part 部分地Generation gap

19、 is caused at least in part by failure to communicate.to ones taste 合的口味Classical music is not to my taste. I like pop music better.Is the dish to your taste?Structure將來進(jìn)行時(shí)用來表示在將來的某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。(will/ shall + 現(xiàn)在分詞)Come to my office at nine on Tuesday. Ill be waiting for you at that time.Dont call me t

20、his afternoon. Ill be having a meeting then.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)用來表示在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。(was/ were + 現(xiàn)在分詞)- I tried to call you this morning. But the line was busy all the time.- I was talking to an important customer on the phone.過去完成時(shí)用來表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。(had + 過去分詞)I had just had supper when he knocked at the door.

21、I had borrowed the book from the library before he asked me to buy one.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。(has/ have + 過去分詞)Sally has written three letters this morning.He has read two novels since he entered the university.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must及其完成體They must be studying in the library now.The flight must have been delayed,

22、otherwise, he would be here now.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞need及其完成體Sam was anxious to know the result of the exam. But he neednt have worried. Actually he did extremely well in it.動(dòng)詞不定式（to do）He set aside some money every month in order to buy a car.To do the job well, you need specialized knowledge and considerable expe

23、rience.Do you think he has the ability to cope with the difficult situation?Jerry is said to have written two novels since he entered the university.現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）Looking out of the window, Jack saw a young man rushing into the building.Not knowing his address or phone number, I had to give up the idea

24、 of find him.Having finished her homework, Lily turned on the TV.This is really an exciting film.過去分詞（done）David went out of the house, followed by his dog.Caught in the rain, she had a bad cold.All the students in class got excited at the news.She raised her voice to make herself heard.動(dòng)名詞（doing）Is

25、 there a swimming pool in your school?Ive been busy working these days and hardly had time to relax.Some people suggested setting up a committee to look into the matter.avoid, enjoy, finish, suggest, be (get) used to, be busy, cant/couldnt help 復(fù)合形容詞 基數(shù)詞+ 名詞 可構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞，中間用連字符連接。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞一定要用單數(shù)形式。 a 15-

26、minute break/ a 300-page book/ a 50-metre tree/ a fifty-story building/ a 7-day holidayremember doing, remember to doI remembered being taken to Beijing by my parents when I was a boy of four or five years old.Remember to post the letter for me.He must have forgotten to close the window when he left

27、.I forgot having been introduced to him at the party.虛擬語氣（if 非真實(shí)條件句）虛擬語氣demand, suggest, advise, decide, insist, order, request, require等表示建議、請(qǐng)求、要求和命令的動(dòng)詞的賓語從句中，其構(gòu)成是should + 動(dòng)詞原形，should 可以省略，如：They decided that a committee be set up to look into the matter.The doctor suggested that the patient stay i

28、n hospital for another week. 虛擬語氣essential, necessary, important, requested, demanded等形容詞或過去分詞的主語從句中，其構(gòu)成是should + 動(dòng)詞原形，should 可以省略，如：It is necessary that he be sent there at once.It is requested that all members be present at the party.as if 從句中的虛擬He talks as if he had been to that country before.Sh

29、e treated him as if he were her own son.The cloth feels as if it is made of silk.定語從句He kept wondering why people who had so much money were never satisfied.Alice and John wanted to go to the Spanish restaurant where they had dinner the week before. The elderly lady was born at a time when most peop

30、le in China was leading a hard life.The man whom the lady introduced to the students was the school president.定語從句中的主謂一致He is one of the students who have won the first prize.She is the only one of those girls who is willing to take a make-up exam.她是唯一愿意參加補(bǔ)考的女孩。非限定性定語從句He said his bicycle had been s

31、tolen, which was untrue.The road was flooded, which was the reason why I came so late.狀語從句I recognized her at once, although I hadnt seen her for ten years.We were talking in the garden when it began to rain.Do not leave the building unless you are instructed to do so.You can go out as long as you p

32、romise to return before 10.I put the heating on so that the house would warm up.He had been cheating the taxman but it was years before he was found out.倍數(shù)的表達(dá)“倍數(shù)+ as as ”This river is twice as long as that one.The earth is 49 times as big as the moon.“倍數(shù)+ 名詞”This river is twice the length of that on

33、e.The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.it 作形式主語和形式賓語it 可在句中作形式主語It is necessary to have a plan before doing any kind of work.It is a great pleasure working with you.It is our opinion that Laura will not be able to keep up with her studies.it 可在句中作形式賓語Howard found it interesting to be a tourist

34、 guide.Mr. White made it clear that the students should prepare every lesson.同位語從句Conclusion, idea, news, possibility, report等名詞后面可以接that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，對(duì)其起到解釋說明的作用。The news that the princess was engaged to a commoner raised eyebrows all over the kingdom.公主與平民訂婚的消息讓舉國上下的人們?yōu)橹痼@。Most people are familiar with

35、 the idea that all matter consist of atoms.what 從句what引導(dǎo)的從句是名詞性從句，在句中可作主語、表語和賓語，如：What you have said is unbelievable. ( 主語)Bens report is based on what he has found out in the factory. ( 賓語)This is what I wanted to give you yesterday. ( 表語) 倒裝具有否定意義的詞或短語，如hardly, neither, never, little, not only, se

36、ldom位于句首時(shí)，主句倒裝Not until it got dark did he return home.Sothat句型中so位于句首時(shí)So fast did he run that he fell down.Only位于句首，其后接副詞、介詞詞組或從句時(shí)，主句倒裝Only after we work out this problem can we go on to the next one.閱讀理解Reading Comprehension Passage 1As they move up the professional ladder, more women in the USA a

37、re finding it necessary to make business trips alone. Since this is new for many, some trips are certainly not in order. If you are married, it is a good idea to encourage your husband and children to learn to cook a few simple meals while you are away. They will be much happier and probably they wi

38、ll enjoy the experience. If you will be eating alone a good meal, choose good restaurants. In the end, they will be much better for your digestion (消化). You may also find it useful to call the restaurant in advance and state that you will be eating alone. You will probably get better service and alm

39、ost certainly a better table. Finally, and most importantly, anticipate your travel needs as a businesswoman; this starts with lightweight luggage which you can easily manage even when fully packed. Take a folding case inside your suitcase; it will come in extremely handy for dirty clothes, as well

40、as for business documents and papers you no longer need on trip. And make sure you have a briefcase so that you can put currently required papers separately. Obviously, experience helps, but you can make things easier on yourself from the first by careful planning, so that right from the start you r

41、eally can have a good trip. 1.Which of the following can be inferred from this passage?A. A greater percentage of women are advancing professionally in the US than previously. B. Professional men refuse to accompany their female colleagues on business trips. C. Each year there are more female touris

42、ts in the US. D. Businesswomen become successful by showing a willingness to travel alone. 2.In this passage, what advice does the author have for married women? A. Stay home and take care of your family. B. Encourage your husband and kids to be happy and have fun while you are away. C. Help your fa

43、mily learn to prepare food for themselves. D. Have your whole family take cooking classes together. 3.Why are better restaurants especially preferable for frequent travelers? A. The food is usually better for your health. B. The tables are better. C. You can call ahead for reservations. D. You will

44、not have to eat alone. 4.Why is lightweight luggage important for the traveling businesswoman? A. It provides space for dirty clothes. B. It allows for mobility. C. It can double as a briefcase. D. It is usually big enough to carry all business documents. 5.What is the main idea of this passage? A.

45、Business trips are more difficult for women than for men. B. More women are finding the road to success in American business. C. Good business trips result from careful organization before the trip. D. Careful planning makes most business ventures successful. Passage 2Advertising gives useful inform

46、ation about which products to buy. But modern advertising does more than gives news about products and services. Todays advertisements, or ads, try to get consumers to buy certain brands. Writers of advertising are so skillful that they can sometimes persuade a consumer to wear a certain kind of clo

47、thing, eat a special kind of cereal (麥片), or see a movie. Consumers might never even want a product if they did not see or hear advertisements for it.For example, you probably do not need the newest cereal in the supermarket. There are probably many cereal brands on your kitchen shelves. You may not

48、 have space on your shelf for another. But if you see ads about a new cereal that is your extra-tasty and has a free prize in the box, you may want it. Advertising must get attention. To be effective, it must be exciting, entertaining, or provide some pleasure. The secret of writing good advertising

49、 copy is to offer a good idea as well as a product. The idea is what the ad is really selling. One example is an ad that says eating a certain cereal will make a person do well in sports. That cereal brand may sell better if consumers think it offers strength and energy.1.What is discussed in this p

50、assage? A. The content of modern advertising.B. The skills of modern advertising. C. The results of modern advertising. D. The writing of modern advertising. 2.According to the passage, a good advertisement should _. A. be both persuasive and effective B. give people useful information C. show peopl

51、e a product D. show people a new idea of a product 3.From the passage, we can infer that _. A. modern advertising has less effect on customers B. once customers see ads about a new cereal, they are sure to buy itC. cereal can make people strongD. cereal is a kind of food which is popular among peopl

52、e 4.What can we infer from the passage? A. Customers can easily be persuaded by advertisements. B. Customers should be persuaded by advertisements. C. Its impossible for customers to buy a product without advertisements. D. Customers buy products according to their demands rather than the advertisem

53、ents. 5.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? A. Modern advertisements often try to persuade consumers to buy certain brands. B. A good idea is of vital importance to writing good advertisements. C. Consumers will buy the new product even if they dont see the advert

54、isement. D. Advertisements should be exciting as well as entertaining. Passage 3Only the government can be sure that the American people have clean air and pure water. Congress must pass laws to stop factories from polluting the air and the water.Unless anti-pollution standards are enforced (執(zhí)行) for

55、 all, companies that care about a clean environment will go out of business. For example, if a car company X spends money on putting an anti-pollution control device on their cars, their cars will be more expensive than the cars produced by another company. People who dont have the extra money or wh

56、o dont care about pollution will not buy the more expensive car. A car company X will go bankrupt, that is, it wont make enough money to pay its workers and to buy materials. It will go out of business. Of course, no car company will make itself go bankrupt, and so the pollution of the land and air

57、and water will go on. But if the government says that all car factories must make cars with anti-pollution control devices, the costs to all car factories will be equal. The government cant let companies decide whether or not they want to stop pollution. The government must force the factories to help clean up the environment by selling anti-pollutio