劍橋商務(wù)英語課文輔導(dǎo)1bcommunication

1、學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)1.speakingforms of communication2.reading is your english too english3.lcaving voice mails and taking messages4.vocabulary consolidation5.self-study exercises6.memo writing7.oral practice8.homeworki. speaking.keeping in touch1. frequency n.頻率2. formality n.正式程度discussion. which met hods of commu

2、nicat i on do you like best? letters, phone cal 1 s or e-mails?i like sending e-mails. they are quick, inexpensive, easy and efficient.also, when i write my thoughts on the computer, 1 can edit and organize them to ensure that i am communicating clearly. however, sometimes it takes a long time to re

3、ceive the reply, so t have to make a phone cal 1.points under consideration for their advantages and disadvantages price speed of communication user-friendliness time-consumingii. reading.is your english too english?para. 1executive n.執(zhí)行者，經(jīng)理主管人員corporate adj.公司白勺dominance noun uncountablethe fact of

4、 being more powerful, more important, or more noticeable than other people or things 優(yōu)勢，統(tǒng)治動詞 dom in atepol itical/economic/cul tural etc dominance 政治/經(jīng)濟(jì)/文化統(tǒng)治the economic and political dominance of western countries 西方國 家在經(jīng) 濟(jì)和政治上的絕對優(yōu)勢television's dominance over other media 電視在媒體中的統(tǒng)治地位exceed verb

5、transitive formal1 to be more than a particular numbcr or amount 超越，勝過working hours must not exceed 42 hours a week.工作小時數(shù)不能超過 42 小時。his performance exceeded our expectations.他的表現(xiàn)超過了我們對他的期 待。2 to go beyond what rules or laws say you arc allowed to do 超過 he was fined for exceeding the speed limit.由于超速

6、，他被罰款。explanation: communicating internationallypara. 2bi 1 ingual adj.能說兩種語言的consisten t adjective 反義 £ 司 incon sis tent1 always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used to show approval 連續(xù)的， 持續(xù)的consistent inwe need to be consistent in our approach.我們

7、必須在方法上保持連貫。 a consistent improvement in the country's economy 該國經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)改善 consistently adverb consistently high performanceoverestimate verb transitive1 to think something is better, more important etc than it really is 過高評價反義詞 underestimatehe tends to overestimate his own abilities. 他總是想過高地評價自 己的能

8、 力。2 to guess an amount or value that is too high 過高地估算most patients overestimated how 1 ong they had had to wai t to see a doc tor. 許多病人都過高地估計(jì)了需要等待看醫(yī)生看病的時間。estimate noun countable1 a calculation of the value, size, amount etc of something 計(jì)算a rough estimate (二not an exact calculation) of how much t

9、ime we' 11 need 粗略的估算我們需要的時間the figure will only be about two million, less than half the original estimate這個數(shù)值只有2百萬左右，比原先的計(jì)算少一半還要多。2 a state men t of how much it w訂 1 probably cos t to build or repair som cthing 修理、建設(shè)估價表the garage said they'd send me an estimate for the work. 汽車修理行說 他們會給我寄來

10、一份修車估價表。assume verb transitivc 1 to think that some thing is true, although you do not have defin ite proof 估計(jì)t didrf t see your car, so t assumed you，d gone out. 我沒有看見你白勺車， 所以我估計(jì)你已經(jīng)走了。it is/seems reasonable to assume (that)1 think we can safely assume (=it is almost certain) that interest rates wil

11、l go up again soon.我認(rèn)為我們可以非常放心地預(yù)計(jì)利率會很快上調(diào)。2 assume control/responsib訂ity etc 實(shí)施控制/承擔(dān)責(zé)任formal to start to have control, responsibility etc or to start in a particular position or jobwhoever they appoint will assume rcsponsibility for all financial mattcrs. 不管他們誰被任命，他們都會繼續(xù)承擔(dān)所有財(cái)政上的責(zé)任。jim paton will assu

12、me the role of managing director 將會擔(dān)任總經(jīng)理 一職。3 to be based on the idea t hat some thing else is correct 假設(shè)the theory assumes that both labour and capital arc mobile. 這個理論假 設(shè)勞動力和資金可以移動。explanation: assuming too muchpara 3adapt verb1 intransitive emd transitivc to gradually change your behaviour and at

13、titudes in order to be successful in a new situation 使適應(yīng)； 使適合 the children are finding it hard to adapt to the new school. 孩子們覺 得適應(yīng)新學(xué)校很困難。adapt yourself/itself etc (to something)how do t hose in sec ts adap t t hcmsclvcs to new environments? 這些 昆蟲是 怎樣適應(yīng)新環(huán)境的？2 transitive to change something to make i

14、t suitable for a different purpose 調(diào)整adapt something to do somethingthe car has been adapted to take unleaded gas.這輛車被改裝成一輛可以 加裝無鉛汽油的車輛。adapt something for somebodythese teaching materials can be adapted for older children. 這些教學(xué)資 料可以改編后讓大一些的孩子們使用。3 transitive usual 1 y passive if a book or play is a

15、dapted for film, television etc，it is changed so that it can be made into a film, television programme etc 改編be adapted for somethingmany childrcn buy books after they have been adapted for tclcvision. 這本書改編成電視劇之后有很多兒童紛紛購買此書。simplify verb transitiveto make something easier or less complicated 讓更簡單an

16、 attempt to simplify the tax system針對簡化稅收體系而做出的努力 the law needs to be simpl ified.法律應(yīng)該更被簡化。a simplified version of the game 一個簡化版本的游戲overover-complicatecomplicate verb transitive1 to make a problem or situation more difficult 讓問題或情況更困難the situation is complicated by the fact that i've got to wor

17、k late on friday我周五必須要工作到很晚這一事實(shí)讓情況更為復(fù)雜。chunk noun countable1 a large thick piece of something that does not have an even shape 短 而厚的一塊（肉、木頭等）ice chunks 冰塊a chunk of bread 一塊面包2 a large part or amount of something 一大部分the rent takes a large chunk out of my monthly salary.租金花掉了我月 薪中的絕大部分。a huge chunk

18、of the audienee got up and 1 eft before the end of the show. 絕大多數(shù)觀眾都在演出結(jié)束之前起身走了。explanation: keeping it simplepara. 4idiomatic adj.慣用的，合乎語言習(xí)慣的get down to something phrasal verbto start doing somcthing that is difficult or needs a lot of time or energy 精心做事it，s time we got down to work.該是我們工作的時間了。get

19、 down to doing something1 always find it hard to get down to revising.我總覺得修改起來很困難。understate verb transitiveto describe something in a way that makes it seem less important or serious than it really is有意輕描淡寫，保守地說，反義詞overstatethe press have tended to understate the extent of the problem. 平面媒 體想輕描淡寫地說

20、明問題的波及面。insist on v.堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)決要求 specific adjective1 only before noun a specific thing, person, or group is one particular thing, person, or group某一具體的事情.人或團(tuán)體games suitable for specific age-groups 專門適合某年齡組的游戲2 detailed and exact 具體的mr howarth gave us very specific instructions.給我們非常具體的指示。 specific aboutc

21、ould you be more specific about what you" re looking for? 你能扌巴彳爾正在 找的東西說得更具體些嗎？explanation: understanding cultural differencepara. 5majority n.多數(shù)，大半 反義詞 minoritygreat/vast/overwhelming majority of something (二almost al1 of a group) be in the majoritya majority of 500insensitive adjective 不敏感的，不

22、注意的，insensitive toshe's totally insensitive to jack's feelings.她一定也不注意捷克的感覺。compa nies that are insen si tive to global changes wi 11 lose sales. 那些 對國際變化不敏感的公司最終會喪失銷售業(yè)績。the service is insensitive to the needs of local people. 這項(xiàng)服務(wù)對當(dāng) 地人們的需求絲毫也不關(guān)注。insensitive to pain對疼痛不敏感 rely verb rely on/u

23、pon somebody/something phrasal verb 依賴，依靠1 to tr ust or depend on some one or som ct hing to do wha t you n ccd or cxpcc t them to do reliable, reliancerely on somebody/something to do somethingmany working women rely on relatives to help take care of their children. 許多工作婦女依賴她們的親戚幫助她們照看自己的小孩。rely on

24、/upon somebody/something formeiny people now rely on the internet for news.許多人現(xiàn)在借用英特網(wǎng)來 瀏覽新聞。2 to depend on something in order to continue to live or exist 依賴借 以生存for its income, the company relies heavily on only a fcw contracts. 這 家公司的收入絕大程度上依賴僅有的幾個合同。cross-cultural adjective only before noun belon

25、ging to or involving two or more different societies, countries, or cultures 跨文化白勺 cross-cultural communication 跨文彳匕交流evaluation noun uncountable and countablea judgment about how good, useful, or successful something is 評價，評 估同義詞 assessmentwe need to carry out a proper evaluation of the new system.

26、 我們需要對 這套新體系做出一個正確的評價。they took some samples of products for evaluation. 他們?nèi)〕鲆恍┊a(chǎn)品白勺 樣本作評估。evaluate verb transitive to judge how good, useful, or successful something is同義詞assessyou should be able to evaluate your own work.你應(yīng)該能夠評價自己的工作。explanation: raising awarenessiii. leaving voice mails and taking

27、 messages listening.1. bsend me a copy of your department" s figurescopy noun1 co unt abl e someth in百 that is made to be exac tly like another thing 夏 印件she forwarded them a copy of her british passport. 她將自 己的英國護(hù)照 復(fù)印件交給了他們。2countable one of many books, magazines, records etc that arc all exac

28、tly the same一份，一張，一本a copy of the local newspaper 一份當(dāng)?shù)剞恤捩蟭he hardback costs £16. 99 a copy.這本精裝書一本 16. 99 英鎊。the record sold a million copies.這盤磁帶賣了 1 百萬盤。free copies arc available on request如果要求就可以得到免費(fèi)的資料。2. gtrade fair noun countablea large event when several companies show their goods or se

29、rvices in one place, to try to sell them 博覽會同義詞trade show booth (telephone booth), stand complimentary adjective1 given free to people （免費(fèi)）贈送的there was a compl imentary bottle of champagne in the hotel room. 在飯 店房間里有一瓶免費(fèi)的香檳酒。r ve got some complimentary tickets for the theatre tonight.我得到了 今晚劇院的免費(fèi)票。2

30、 saying that you admire someone or something 贊揚(yáng)白勺， 夸獎白勺 compl imenteiry remarks 奉承話3. cdeadline by before unt 訂stress management, time management, prioritise tasks,put something back phrasal verbto arrange for an event to start at a later time or date 推遲同義詞postponeput something o back tothe meeting

31、has been put back to next thursday.這次會議推遲到下周四舉 行。work out phrasal verbget betters帶來好結(jié)果；有預(yù)期的結(jié)果if a problem or complicated situation works out, it gradually gets better or gets solvedthings w訂1 work out, you'll see.你會看到一切都會好的。exerciseto make your body fit and strong by doing exercises 鍛煉身體4. hmob

32、i1e phoneclienturgentlyproposalget involvedto take part in an activity or event, or be connected with it in some way be/get involved inmore than 30 software firms were involvcd in the project. 30 多 家軟件 公司參與了這個項(xiàng)目。i don" t want to get involved in some lengthy argument about who is to blame. 我不想被牽

33、涉進(jìn)這場曠日持久的關(guān)于到底是誰應(yīng)該被指責(zé)的爭論當(dāng)中。5. eoptimistic (pessimistic)get off 寄出，發(fā)出send somethingto send a letter or package by posti'll have to get this letter off by tonight.我必須要在今晩之前把信寄出去。 r 11 get the forms off to you today.我今天會把表格寄給你。leaving answering machine messages hello, person who is calling, time, da

34、y, place, purposeanalysis:call 1 and 2 are precise and call 4 emd 5 are quite difficuit. call 3 is intended to be inbetween.call 3call 3 is relatively concise. however, it is difficult for the use of socializing added in before sue gets down to the message (how are you? i hope you，re not too busy).t

35、hey may also find her use of phrasal verbs difficult (work out, put back). sue also uses a rather british way of asking for postponement (i don，t suppose，could we?). it may be helpful for her to say when exactly she called and to give her number.call 4call 4 is longer and it is therefore difficuit t

36、o retain the message. one reason is that colin includes unnecessary information (e. g. i，m traveling to a meeting with a die nt) the purpose of the call comes rat her late emd the sentences are very long, with more than one idea in each. tt may be more hel pful to leave his nu mber at the end rat he

37、r them n ear the beginning of the message. once again, it may be helpful to say exactly when he rang.call 5once again, cal 1 5 is qui te long. steve uses many of the features of bri tish english mentioned in the article: understanding (e. g. a littie bit on the opti mis tic side), get used with clif

38、feren t meanings (e. g. which i，11 get off to you to day), and a generally idiomatic approach to language. agci in, colin could say whe n he called and give a teleph one or exte nsion number.taking messages1. trade fair2. s126 253. 34. tuesday 23 / 23 november5. (kati) gcrsel聽力基礎(chǔ)知識講評：names在我們對姓名做講解之

39、前，我們先來熟悉一下有關(guān)姓名的幾組詞匯。> 姓名，全名 (full) name> 姓 family name/ surrmme/last name> 名 given name/ first name6. the/ your message7. cancelled8. not available9. 27 november10. confirmget back to somebody phrasal verb 事后告次口某人to talk to someone or telephone them later in order to answer a questionor giv

40、e them informationr 11 find out the prices and get back to you.我會找到價格并馬上告知你。available adjcctivc1 something that is available is able to be used or can easily be bought or found 可 以 用的，可以得到的tickets are available from the box office.你可以從票房買到票。no figures are available for the number of goods sold.沒有已銷售

41、商品 數(shù)量的數(shù)據(jù)。there are plenty of jobs available in the area.這個地方有很多就業(yè)機(jī)會。2 not before noun someone who is available is not busy and has enough time to talk to you 有時間collins was not available for comment on thursday night 克林斯不能在 周四晚上發(fā)表評論。 availability noun uncountable姓名前的稱呼title在與人初次見面時，如果在非常正式的場合下是不應(yīng)該直接

42、稱呼對方姓名 的，而應(yīng)該稱呼對方為某某先生、某某女士等等。所以這里就需要給大家介紹有 關(guān)在姓名前如何稱呼對方。稱呼一般有以下幾種：mr.這是專門稱呼男士的，無論對方是已婚還是未婚。意思是xx先生。mrs是稱呼已婚女士的，意思是xx太太。miss是稱呼那些未婚女士的，意思是xx小姐。有時我們并不方便先去了解 一下對方的婚姻狀況，所以我們就可以采用ms這種稱呼，意思是xx女士。 dr是對某人學(xué)歷上的認(rèn)可，意思是某某博士。datesbritish english 英國英語us english美國英語spokenthe twenty-sixth oftwenty-sixth october表達(dá)octo

43、beroctober twenty-sixthoctober the twenty-sixthwritten文字形式：26 (th) october文字形式：26 (th) october書寫october 26 (th)數(shù)字形式：26/10/01數(shù)字形式：10/26/01從上面可以看出，英國英語表達(dá)時間通常是日、月、年的結(jié)構(gòu)，美國英語是先說 月份，然后是日期，最后是年份。這點(diǎn)請大家注意。說明：1.在書寫日期時，可以將表示序數(shù)詞標(biāo)志的st, nd, rd或者th省略掉。這里 也建議大家不要寫出來，因?yàn)橛泻芏嗳嗽跁鴮憰r會將它們混淆。比如正確的 寫法是：那么，11號、12號和13號怎么寫呢？有很多

44、人自認(rèn)為已經(jīng)搞明白了，就自作主 張，大筆一揮寫成是list、12和13rd to其實(shí)11號11 th(eleventh)12號12th(twelfth)13號13th(thirteenth)2.在閱讀日期時，如果寫成日月的順序，英國英語的讀法是讀出定冠詞the和 介詞of來。但是在書寫時一定要注意不要寫出來。同樣道理，如果寫成是月 日的順序的話，在口語表達(dá)時，要讀出定冠詞the來，但是書寫時就沒有了。iv. vocabulary consolidation on unit lb (page 163)v. self-study lb4. prepositions.(1)at tlhe momen

45、tin+地點(diǎn)onthe phoneat+時間on+具體日期at+宗教節(jié)日on+電話號碼in+月份at+時間(10)1 on+具體日期小結(jié)：介詞用法簡介 saying when things happened在表示時間時，我們有三個介詞可以選擇：in, at和on。介詞in的用法：介詞in用在年、月份、季節(jié)、一天中某個部分以及年代的前面。比如，in 1999在 1999 年in august在八月份in winter 在冬季in the after noon, in the evening, in the morning 在下午/在晚上/在早上in the 1950s 在 50 年代in the

46、 21s' century 在 21 世紀(jì)介詞on的用法：介詞on用在星期幾、幾號等具體的日期前。比如: on thursday 在星期四on 19 january 在 1 月 19 3on monday morning （請比較：in the morning）on a cold night （請比較：at night）但是當(dāng)星期幾的前面有指示性的詞比如：this, next和last來修飾時，就不用 介詞on。介詞at的用法：介詞at用在點(diǎn)鐘、宗教節(jié)日和一些固定的詞組中。比如：at 5. 30 p. m. 在下午 5. 30 分at easter 在復(fù)活節(jié)at the end of

47、the war在戰(zhàn)爭的末期at the beginning of the term 在這學(xué)期開始但是當(dāng)宗教節(jié)日中帶有day這個詞時，前面的介詞用on。at christmas on christmas dayat/on the weekend 在周末vi. memo writing參考答案：to: alice hu, secretaryfrom: david guan, managerdate: 29 june 2001subject: arrangement for my holidayt，m going on my ernnual hoi i day next monday 2 july

48、for three weeks. pl ease keep my mail until i return. if something urgent occurs， please report it directly to our deputy manager or contact me on 12345678903.mail noun uncountable 1 the letters and packages that are delivered to you2 especially american english the system of collecting and deliveri

49、ng letters and packagesbritish equivalent: post3 messages that are sent and received on a computer synonym emailvii. oral practicecaxeex goals what are your career ambitions?參考答案： i would like to become a hr manager. then i can help the company i work for to seek best candidate and make them fulfill

50、 their ambitions. i intend to be a receptionist to meet people and show the best side of our business. i aim to be self-employed. my career ambition is to set up my own company which can offer high quality products or services. do you think people should takc professional advice when planning their

51、careers?參考答案：yes. sometimes people cannot really identify where their strength and weakness lie. therefore, it， s better to get professional advice to map out career development plans. do you think business people nccd to be flexible when planning their careers?參考答案:yes. the business environment cha

52、nges very rapidly. the chances are that your original career plan may not be reasonable at timcs and you cannot stick to your targets. then in this case, people have to be flexible to make better achievements. do you think it is ncccssary to have long-tcoi goals in your careers? 參考答案：yes. i think long-term goals can ensure that you will always have a long way away from it. it will encourage you to be tenacious and resilient to realize the goals in the end.tenacious adjectivedetermined to do something eind unwilling to stop trying even when the situation becomes d