初中英語完形解題技巧2

1、中學英語完形填空解題技巧完形填空始終是考試中同學失分較多的題型，是對同學綜合學問把握情形的檢測，主要測試同學在詳細語言環(huán)境中對文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、中心思想、推理判定、詞語辨析、習慣用法、固定搭配等方面的才能要求，及對所學英語的綜合運用才能、快速閱讀懂得才能及規(guī)律推理判定才能等的考察；完形填空設空以實詞為主、虛詞為輔，單詞為主、短語為輔；動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞等實詞通常要占全部小題數(shù)的80% 以上，而介詞、連詞、冠詞等虛詞就相對考得較少；第一明確解題的步驟：一：解題步驟.跳讀全文，把握大意；（首句和尾句）.瞻前顧后，敏捷答題；（運用各種策略）.復讀全文，核實答案；a: 詞匯、語法、慣用法是否

2、合理？二：解題策略（5 個方面著手）1：詞義辨析b: 句型結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，搭配是否有誤？c:句子是否流暢？d: 上下行文、前后規(guī)律關(guān)系是否一樣？f:全文是否緊湊，中心突出，渾然一體？例如： when the teacher came into the classroom， our monitor spoke in a loud ，“ stand up.”a. soundb. cryc. voiced. shout此題中四個詞都為聲音的意思但詳細的用法不一樣，此處就指的是一個聲音，泛指聲音所以選a many people think that moretime is spent, more wor

3、k will be done. so students have to 36 the wholeday doing homework except during the three meals.36. a. buyb. getc. spendd. take2：各種詞語搭配 （形容詞與名詞搭配；副詞與動詞搭配；介詞短語搭配； 動詞短語搭配； 固定短語等） ；留意：要區(qū)分形狀相近而意義不同的搭配；如：look for, look over, look out, look after, look up等: 因詞組而構(gòu)成的常見的句式： it feels+ 形容詞 +不定式； 要區(qū)分形不相像而意義相近的

4、搭配； 如： i paid 12 pounds for the dictionary. the book cost me a lot. it took three men to lift the box. 句中都有 “付出、 花費、 需要 ”的意思； 譯成漢語時好像相通； 但更要留意它們之間的搭配變化； 要留意單個詞組的多義性； 如： takeoff 有“脫下 衣服 ， 飛機 起飛，匆忙離開，取下，休假等多種含意；1) here s a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself so much money.a. for b. b

5、y c. to d. of表示 “自取，任憑拿 ”這個意義的短語是help oneself to故答案為c 2and video cameras can be used to people s actions at home.a. keepb. makec. recordd. watch句中動作的發(fā)出者是video cameras因此答案是c，意思是 “記錄 ”；3.語法判定（考察語法學問點）1要留意顯現(xiàn)頻率較高的詞類題，依次為動詞、介詞、代詞、連詞、形容詞、副詞；1挑選各類詞時，要留意以下幾個方面：a.名詞 的挑選，應聯(lián)系文章主題及空格前后顯現(xiàn)的有關(guān)詞，留意其性和數(shù)的一樣；b.動詞 的選用，

6、要留意詞義和慣用搭配，仍要區(qū)分近義詞之間的用法差異及所給詞的形式；c.挑選 介詞 ，應留意其慣用法，特殊是與動詞或其他詞組成的固定搭配；d.挑選 代詞 ，要留意性、數(shù)、格是否精確；e.挑選 連詞 ，要留意分析前后句或上下文的規(guī)律關(guān)系；f. 挑選 形容詞和副詞，要留意詞義的區(qū)分，用于比較時，仍要留意詞形變化；2 要留意 句法 題，搞清句子的種類、類型、省略和倒裝a.句子的種類包括陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句；一般以考查疑問句、感嘆句的詞序為多見，其次是祈使句的零時態(tài)等；b.句子的類型有簡潔句、并列句、復合句和并列復合句；中考考查要點是在復合句里的狀語從句、賓語從句和直接 /間接引語，也考查簡潔

7、的定語從句；c.句子的省略與倒裝很少考查，卻要看懂，不能引起對文章的曲解；3 在語法適用方面，可以用擇優(yōu)法和排除法a.擇優(yōu)法是把各選項代入短文中，選出在詞義上符合要求，且在語法上又沒有語病的答案； b.排除法是在代入選項時如發(fā)覺選項單詞意義不對，或詞與詞搭配不妥，或存在語法錯誤，或與上下文有沖突，就快速排除不合適的選項，剩下的就是正確答案；4. 上下文規(guī)律關(guān)系一般的解題過程是：（ 1） .通讀全文，把握大意；結(jié)合選項初步弄清短文寫了些什么內(nèi)容；（ 2）.瞻前顧后，分析先行；在懂得全文意思的基礎上，結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容對空缺句子作合乎規(guī)律的推理；必需弄清空缺詞句的準確含義，空缺詞句與其前后句的意義連接必

8、需自然、合理，不行顯現(xiàn)意義斷層或說東道西的情形，必需從空缺句的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)入手，從語法、詞語固定搭配、詞形變化等角度考慮，務必使所填的單詞精確無誤；提示作用的詞或句；這些詞有時可能是同義詞或反義詞；例如： 1 some parts of the water are very shallow. butin some places it is verya. deepb. highc. coldd. dangerous依據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but 的提示，所填入的詞應與shallow 相反，因此答案為a；2) mrs o neill asked questions and she didn t scold us

9、either .a. nob. certainc. manyd. moreand 是一個并列連詞；either 為副詞，用在否定句或否定詞后加強語勢，由此可以確定所填的詞也應是一個否定意義的詞，因此答案是a ；3） it has been many years since i was last in london i still remember something that happened during that visit.a. andb. forc. butd. as依據(jù)句前的many years 和句后的still remember 答案應選表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but.（ 3）.反復推敲，

10、 攻克難關(guān) ；假如做不出來的話，可能要轉(zhuǎn)變一下思路；照實詞多與文章的內(nèi)容直接相關(guān)，2虛詞多與文章的連貫性或句子結(jié)構(gòu)直接相關(guān)，假如從內(nèi)容上實在看不出要填哪個單詞的話，應考慮是否需要填介詞、連詞等；eg: 1. li bin is at chinese. but he isn t good at english a. wellb. finec. niced.good2. dont like tomatoes ，but he . he doesnt like salad ， do. my father broccoli ， but my doesn t a. dob. doesc. liked.li

11、kesa. butb. andc. ord.fora.likesb.havec. liked.doesa. friendlb. sisterc. motherd.uncle4：文化背景以及生活常識（歷史、地理、社會習俗、民族風情等）immediately the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the hospital.a. animalb. biggestc. plantd. nearest在這樣的緊急情形下，人們的第一個反應是到最近的醫(yī)院就醫(yī)，因此答案為 d； 5：驗證答案，修正錯誤，著重留意這幾點：文章是否順暢；所填單詞是否是正

12、確單詞；所填單詞是否有拼寫錯誤；1.所選的單詞或短語是否符合本句內(nèi)容，是否使上下文連貫和諧，是否與全文意思一樣；充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到對挑選有提示作用的詞或句；這些詞有可能是同義詞或反義詞；(1) many old people don t have good . they cant watch tv, but they can listen to music or news over the radio.a. hearingb. healthc.eyesightd.time(2) some parts of the water are veryshallow. but in so

13、me places it is very, very .a. deepb. highc. coldd. dangerous2.所選的單詞或短語是否符合某種固定搭配；包括動詞與介詞的搭配、動詞與名詞的搭配以及形容詞與名詞的搭配等，同時要依據(jù)內(nèi)容挑選正確的短語；washington was named george washington, the first president of the united states.a. byb. forc. asd. after(3). 所選的單詞或短語是否符合某種句型、時態(tài)、語態(tài)的特殊要求；(4). 所選詞本身或鄰近詞有無特殊要求，如有些動詞后面只接動名詞

14、而不能接不定式等；三：解題誤區(qū)做完形填空時，除了依據(jù)所學語言學問和解題技巧外，仍應防止幾個誤區(qū)；1、單純求快，忽視語篇懂得，只看局部的詞義辨析、搭配和語法結(jié)構(gòu)，試圖用語言學問解決全部問題；很多考生一拿到完形填空題就急于挑選答案，不仔細分析通篇文章；表面上解題速度挺快，但是這種見樹不見林的做法只會影響解題的質(zhì)量的效率；2、時間支配不當，在幾個選項上過分蠻纏，追求完善，導致很多本可以做出的題來不及做；正確的做法是由易到難，先做會做的，再考慮不太明白的；四：復習建議31：熟識語法，培育“完整的句子意識”；2. 堅持在閱讀的基礎上錘煉語篇意識和把握整體文段的才能；3. 關(guān)注生活，留意中西文化的差異；4

15、. 科學選材，有效訓練；體裁多樣，題材豐富，語言生動地道，具有肯定的訓練性和趣味性；篇幅長度適中，布空合理，各考點均衡分布；課堂練習：1 利用上下文語境挑選；leafthenlargelearnonesgrow thickhasmeanfirsteasybegineverybody loves oranges. they are sweet and juicy. they re in sections, so it is to eat them. someoranges do not have any seeds. some have a skin, and some have a thin

16、skin.(2) 依據(jù)文化背景和常識挑選；leafthenlargelearnonesgrow thickhasmeanfirsteasybegininenglish, orange both a fruit and a color. we use the name of the fruit for the color.(3) 單詞辨義和固定搭配；it costs 3.70 for adults, 2 for_c_h4i3ld_r_enfoarnodver sixties and school groups. 43. a. littleb. fewc. lessd. fewer(4) 句子結(jié)構(gòu)

17、和規(guī)律推理；scientists also 48 that loud, fast music makes people eat faster. in fact, people 49 their food faster when the music gets faster. some restaurants play fast music during their50 hours. this gets people to eat faster and leave quickly. restaurants 51 make spend even less.48. a. thinkb. hopec.

18、realize d. believe49. a. cookb. orderc. eatd. make50. a. freeb. busyc. happy d. sad51. a. canb. shouldc. can td. needn t5play依據(jù)句子所缺成分挑選；activityfavoritealsoandstoplifeexamplehappenbutnewmakefor example, learning can 59 when you go to a museum. it can 60. happen when you get a job.you learn when you

19、61. a sport or when you take a trip.（ 6）依據(jù)上下文語境（ 07 河北卷） how can you think in english. i think the best way is to practice as what a football player does every day. during the 46 the football player will pass the ball to his teammates over and over again. so he won t have to 47 passing the ball in t

20、he game, he will just do it.446. a. practiceb. breakc. gamed. day 47. a. wait forb. think aboutc. look atd. give up（ 7）依據(jù)文化背景和常識（ 08 武漢卷）i dug a deep hole next to the rock and i dug a small incline（ 斜坡） up to the rock and the rock63down into the hole by itself.63. a. layb. droppedc. walkedd. ran（ 8）

21、依據(jù)單詞詞義和固定搭配08 無錫卷）butthat winter the cold weather killed all the worms because he had not38them in a warm place.38. a. caughtb. foundc. hiddend. put（ 9）依據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和規(guī)律推理_47you are in a group of six or more people, we48give you a special guided tour of the centre. but you49to arrange支配 this at the informat

22、ion desk when you50. 47.a.whenb. ifc. becaused. until48.a. canb. mustc. shouldd. have to 49.a.decideb. likec. hoped. need50.a.returnb. arrivec. leaved. travel（ 10）依據(jù)上下文語境（ 08 無錫卷）he bought more worms, which he took goodcare of. when winter came, he took them inside40they would stay warm. many people

23、 bought his worms.40. a. beforeb. untilc. thoughd. so（ 11）依據(jù)文化背景和常識（ 07 廣西南寧卷）the students had a look at their workbooks and their 35 turned red at once. 35. a. facesb. nosesc. necksd. hands（ 12）依據(jù)詞義與固定搭配（ 08 沈陽卷）i m becoming more and more interested 25 physics, and have decided that i want to 26 it

24、 at university. i m going to try to go to 27 montreal or ottawa university, as both 28 supposed to have good physics departments.25. a. inb. withc. atd. from 26. a. makeb. discoverc. studyd. keep27. a. neither b. eitherc. bothd. only28. a. haveb. hasc. ared. is（ 13）依據(jù)句子規(guī)律（ 08 安徽卷）why do people shake

25、 hands 54 shaking feet. this is because of the fact that a long time ago most people 55 knives or guns. if some of them decided that they did not want to 56 , they would show their empty hands. 57 people shook hands so that they could not 58 knives in their sleeves 袖子 . later on, hand-shaking became

26、 a symbol of 59 .554. a. such as b. as well as c. instead ofd. together with55. a. lostb. boughtc. caughtd. carried56. a. cheatb. fightc. dropd. speak57. a. perhapsb. happilyc. carefullyd. luckily58. a. hideb. liftc. pulld. push59. a. successb. victoryc. prided. peace【例題解析】1完形填空：閱讀下面短文，選出正確答案：“ ring

27、ring” the toenleepshuddenly rang. sam got up to1the call. it was his aunt.are you still at home.” she asked surprisingly. sam 1ooked at the clock. it was already 7:30 a. m.2 “ sam,goodness. there s an importan3ttoday,” sam shouted out.he hurried to wash his face and get4. when he was going to leave

28、the house, he5that he had not put away his books. he ran quickly to the6and put them into the bag. he then went to the bus stop togo to school as7as he could. when he got into the classroom, his classmates were8writing.“ whyare you so9.” asked the teacher .“ i m sorry, sir,” sam answered,1a0frai.d“o

29、f iltowokaisngmyclock. it11to wake me up this morning and .”“ don't say anythisngteaabcohuetr it, 12him”.hi“ don t try to come late next time.” sam said yes and w1a3lked qtouihciksly. but when he tried to do thepaper, he could not14in a right way. he put his head on the desk and said, for me.”15day i“t hwashbaet ean1.a. findb. givec. putd. answer2.a. whyb. howc. whend. where3.a. talkb. partyc. examd. meeting4.a. tiredb. lostc. dressedd. rested5.a. forgotb. rememberedc. understoodd. thought6.a. classroomb. deskc. busd. door7.a. carefullyb. quietl