英語課件unit9-confessions-of-a-miseducated-man

1、2021/3/1312021/3/1322021/3/133JournalistAuthorProfessorWorld peace advocateNorman Cousins (June 24, 1915 November 30, 1990)2021/3/134He was one of the founders of public television in the U.S. and a former chairman of the Pulitzer Prize jury in literature. For 35 years he was editor of the Saturday

2、Review of Literature ( later renamed Saturday Review) during which he wrote editorially on a wide range of topics relating to national and international issues.He was named “Author of the Year” by the Society of Authors and Journalists in 1980 and held honorary degrees in literature, science, and la

3、w from 49 colleges and universities. He carried out diplomatic missions abroad as personal emissary for Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson.2021/3/135Among the numerous awards he received are the United Nations Peace Medal, the American Peace Award, the Family of Man Award, the Eleanor Roose

4、velt Peace Award, the Personal Medallion of Pope John XXIII, and the City of Hiroshima Award for heading the project that delivered medical and surgical treatment to victims of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. He died of heart failure on November 30, 1990, in Los Angeles, California, having survived

5、 years longer than his doctors predicted2021/3/136Belief in world governance: He believed that enduring world peace could only be achieved through effective world governance. Belief in world federalism: He argued for a world no longer b a s e d o n t h e s u p r e m a c y o f nationalism and other s

6、uperficial differences. 2021/3/137Contributions to peace and human well-being: He arranged for medical treatment in USA for 25 young Japanese women who came to be known as the “Hiroshima Maidens”; helped support the medical care of 400 Japanese children orphaned by the atomic bomb; with his wife, le

7、gally adopted one of the Maidens; helped create a program for the “35 Polish women who had been victims of Nazi medical experiments during the war”. 2021/3/138“Hiroshima Maidens”2021/3/139StructurePart I (para.1-4)In what way I was miseducated.Why this education was inadequate.What kind of education

8、 we need.What this new education may bring about.Part II(paras.5-7)Part III(paras.8-10)Part IV(paras.11)2021/3/1310These notes are a .in the nature of: kind of; similar to他的請(qǐng)求好像是命令。 His request was inthenatureof a command. by nature 就其本質(zhì)而言,天生地 natively他天生喜歡繪畫。 He likes painting bynature. true to nat

9、ure : vivid; livelyThis oil-painting is true to nature.pay（answer,obey） a call of nature: go to toilet e.g.: Excuse me for a minuteI must payacallofnaturebefore we leave. 2021/3/1311 confession: the act of admitting that you have done something that you are ashamed of or embarrassed about. make a co

10、nfession: 招供 坦白 I have most my lack of a proper be/ become aware of : 意識(shí)到 , 明白, 了解 他好像沒有意識(shí)到這個(gè)問題。 He doesnt seem to beawareof the problems. as far as Im aware 據(jù)我所知2021/3/1312 see, comprehend, understand, appreciate 1.see的基本意思可指一般視覺的“看見”,也可指有意識(shí)地“觀察”,引申可表示由觀察而“領(lǐng)會(huì)”“理解”。 prehend指用智力充分而完全地理解事物的內(nèi)在含義。例如: 那孩

11、子看了這篇故事,但沒有理解它的全部意思。 The child read the story but didnt comprehend its full meaning. 如果你能正確、有效地使用一個(gè)詞,你就是了解它了。 If you can use a word correctly and effectively you comprehend it.2021/3/1313 3.understand則是明白別人說的話,完全了解某種事實(shí)。例如: 這封信我已經(jīng)看過了,可是看不懂。 Ive read the letter but I dont understand it. 4.appreciate指對(duì)

12、某物有較深的理解能力,強(qiáng)調(diào)“欣賞”。例如: 我不會(huì)欣賞古典音樂。 I am incapable of appreciating classical music.2021/3/1314 for which my education might have been , enough or good enough for a particular purpose or need; having the necessary ability or qualities 我們有足夠的食物可以做一星期的旅行。 We had adequate food for a weeks journey. I hope h

13、e will be adequate to the job. 我希望他將勝任這一工作。2021/3/1315 這組詞都有“足夠的”意思。其區(qū)別在于: 1.enough為一般用語,有時(shí)可與adequate互換。enough常偏重表示數(shù)量或程度; 而adequate既可用于描述數(shù)量或程度,也可用于描述性質(zhì)、質(zhì)量。 2.adequate表示“僅夠滿足”“恰好滿足”; enough和sufficient還可表示足夠滿足; 而ample表示充足而有余,即amplesufficientenoughadequate。 3.sufficient與enough同義,確切程度比 enough 大,前者多用于需要的

14、滿足,后者則多用于欲望的滿足; 前者多 用于書面語,后者多用于口語。2021/3/1316 Geography had instruct sb. in a subject/skill: to teach sb. sth. 威廉博士教我們植物學(xué)。 Dr. Williams instructsusin botany. 2021/3/1317 instruct, educate, school, teach, train 這組詞的共同意思是“教”,指向?qū)W生傳授知識(shí)、技能等,但含義和用法上有所區(qū)別: 1.teach的概念最廣泛,意義最普通,可以指講授一門課程,也可指?jìng)魇谝环N技能,也可能僅指幫助別人能解

15、決一些問題或處理事情。而instruct, educate, train和school則各有其側(cè)重點(diǎn)。instruct強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“系統(tǒng)性”; educate強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“總體性”; train強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“方向性”,而school強(qiáng)調(diào)的則是“嚴(yán)格性”?，F(xiàn)分述如下:2021/3/1318 instruct與teach的區(qū)別在于其“系統(tǒng)性”,即“系統(tǒng)教授”,內(nèi)容上是系統(tǒng)的知識(shí),方法上是連續(xù)地、正式地。例如: 威廉博士教代數(shù)課 Dr. Williams instructs classes in algebra. educate比teach更為正式,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是教育的總目標(biāo)和培養(yǎng)結(jié)果,內(nèi)容很廣泛,所花的時(shí)間也較長(zhǎng),

16、教育的內(nèi)容不僅是知識(shí),更多的是做人的道理,如:世界觀、性格、品質(zhì)等。例如: 有些學(xué)校只教給學(xué)生知識(shí),卻忽略了育人。 Some schools teach, but fail to educate their students.2021/3/1319 train指的“教育”帶有明顯的方向性,或者造就某方面需要的人才,或者是訓(xùn)練某種特殊技能,以達(dá)到體力極佳、智力極強(qiáng)、反應(yīng)極敏銳,從而迅速地勝任某種工作、任務(wù)或參加某比賽,也可以用于馴服動(dòng)物或使植物向某方向生長(zhǎng)。在訓(xùn)練方法上, train指由易到難,循序漸進(jìn),在這一點(diǎn)上與instruct有些接近。例如: 他們?cè)谶@所學(xué)校里得到訓(xùn)練,成為獸醫(yī)。 They

17、 were trained as animal doctors in this school.2021/3/1320 school強(qiáng)調(diào)教育和訓(xùn)練的嚴(yán)格性,指在某一方面進(jìn)行特別嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練,也指學(xué)會(huì)忍耐難以忍受之事或鍛煉和嚴(yán)格約束自己處理一些復(fù)雜困難事情的意思。例如: 她在外語方面受到過嚴(yán)格訓(xùn)練。 She was schooled in foreign languages. 家長(zhǎng)們嚴(yán)格教育子女們講禮貌。 The parents schooled their children in politeness. He was schooled by life itself. 生活本身鍛煉了他。2021/3

18、/1321 2.teach和instruct在用法上也不同, teach接sb. Sth.; 而instruct接sb. in sth.。試比較下面兩個(gè)句子: 史密斯先生教我們英語。 Mr. Smith taught us English. Mr. Smith instructed us in English. 另外,兩詞接to- v 時(shí)意思也不同:teach sb. to- v 的意思是“教某人做某事”,而instruct sb. to- v 的意思是命令或通知某人做某事。例如: He taught us to run the machine. 他教我們開機(jī)器。 The captain in

19、structed the soldiers to retreat. 上 尉命令士兵們撤退。2021/3/1322 Comparative culture had instructed me in the differences of background and . group interests(利益）: interests of ethnic, social, political groups fundamental interests 根本利益 immediate interests 切身利益;眼前利益;當(dāng)前利益 interests股權(quán),股份 business interests企業(yè)界;

20、企業(yè)股2021/3/1323 my education had been more than adequate. in this/ one/ every respect 在這方面/某方面/每方面 in all/ many respects在各方面/許多方面 in/with respect to關(guān)于,至于concerning 談到你的其他建議,我現(xiàn)在還無法把我們的決定告訴你。 Withrespectto your other proposals, I am not yet able to tell you our decision. without respect to不管,不顧 Dolf di

21、d what he thought right without respectto the consequences. 2021/3/1324 The of such differences was that they were largely without .(重復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)） e.g. The business of government is to keep the government out of business that is, unless business needs government aid. Principal: (adj.) main, the most importa

22、nt (n) 校長(zhǎng) e.g. Our principal problem is lack of time. VS principle原則,本質(zhì) Homonym: two words are homonyms if they are pronounced or spelled the same way but have different meanings2021/3/1325 My education had the similarities. vt.: to ignore; to go round instead of through ; to avoid n.: a highway tha

23、t encircles an urban area so that traffic does not have to pass through the center 我們繞城外走,就不會(huì)受交通擁擠之累了 If we bypass the town, well miss all traffic. 你不能回避這個(gè)問題。 You cannot bypass this question. 我們走旁道,就能避開市鎮(zhèn)的中心。 If we take the bypass well avoid the town centre.2021/3/1326 It had failed to and define th

24、e fact that the differences are realities comprehended because of their very simplicity. grasp: vt. 抓住,抓緊 seize (sb./sth.) firmly with hand, etc.; take advantage of (sth.) vt. 理解,領(lǐng)悟 understand (sth.) fully n.抓住; 理解 hold; understanding2021/3/1327 I grasped the main point of the speech. 你必須抓住機(jī)會(huì)。 You m

25、ust graspthis opportunity. She has a good grasp of the English language. 她精通英語。 I kept her hands in my grasp. 我緊握著她的手。2021/3/1328 beyondprep.超出超出;遠(yuǎn)于遠(yuǎn)于;除除 . 之外之外;超出超出之外之外adv.在更遠(yuǎn)處在更遠(yuǎn)處n.遠(yuǎn)處遠(yuǎn)處;來世來世 通貨膨脹率已經(jīng)超過了8%。 The level of inflation has gone beyond 8%. 他們?cè)竭^群山,到了那邊的山谷。 They crossed the mountains and tra

26、veled to the valleys beyond. 未來人們能到月球或更遠(yuǎn)處去旅行。 In the future, men can travel to the moon and beyond. 我們對(duì)來世能知道些什么呢? What can we know of the beyond?2021/3/1329 scarcely : only just; hardly; surely not 在受到如此好的待遇后他們決不會(huì)抱怨。 They could scarcely complain after such good treatment. scarcely any adj.幾乎沒有(少有;簡(jiǎn)直

27、沒有) It is of scarcelyany use. 這簡(jiǎn)直沒有什么用處。 scarcely ever adv.極難得(幾乎從不) 他幾乎從不看電影。 He scarcelyever go to the movies. Youre scarcely out of the shell yet. 你乳臭未干。 scarcely . when 一就 剛便 Scarcely had we arrived when it began to rain. 我們剛一到就下起雨來了。2021/3/1330 to know about the amazing of human culture and beh

28、avior. a change, esp. in the amount or level of sth(數(shù)量,水平等的)變化,變更,變異 regionalseasonal variation 地區(qū)性季節(jié)性變化 a thing that is different from other things in the same general group變異的東西;變種;變體 any of a set of short pieces of music based on a simple tune repeated in a different and more complicated form 變奏;

29、變奏曲2021/3/1331 But it wasnt the type of knowledge you had to and build on. live by: earn ones living by (doing) sth live by ones wits:靠小聰明騙人過日子 live on :靠生存;以.為主食;繼續(xù)活著 live for:為.而活;盼望 live up to :實(shí)踐（原則,誓言等） live and learn:活到老,學(xué)到老;不經(jīng)一事,不長(zhǎng)一智 live high=live like a lord:過奢華的生活 live it up:狂歡 live life t

30、o the full:日子過得充實(shí)2021/3/1332 condense, compress, contract, shrink這些動(dòng)詞均含“收縮,壓縮”之意。condense :指將東西壓縮得更緊密、緊湊,但不失去原有的內(nèi)容。 Soup condenses when boiled（湯煮過后就濃了。）compress :指把亂而不成形的東西壓成一定形狀。 An instrument of torture formerly used to compress the thumb（拇指夾過去使用的一種用于壓迫拇指的刑具）contract :主要指以內(nèi)、外部力量進(jìn)行緊縮,也可用作引申。 Metal

31、contracts as it becomes cool（金屬冷卻時(shí)體積縮小。）shrink :側(cè)重指因收縮而達(dá)不到原有的長(zhǎng)度、體積或容積。 The number of students of this school has shrunk（這所學(xué) 校的學(xué)生人數(shù)）在減少。2021/3/1333 The old emphasis upon superficial differences had to education a. to admit defeat in an argument or fight b. to break under pressure; collapsec. to have

32、its place taken byd. to allow oneself to show He gave way to tears. My new evidence forced him to give way. The floor gave way under the heavy weight. Steam trains gave way to electric trains.聽任自己流露聽任自己流露讓步讓步斷裂斷裂讓某人先行讓某人先行2021/3/1334 accident incident event occurrence happening 這些名詞均有“事故、事件”之意。 acci

33、dent:強(qiáng)調(diào)偶然或意外發(fā)生的不幸事情。 incident:既可指小事件或附帶事件,又可指政治上具有影響的事件或事變。 event:可指任何大小事件,但尤指歷史上的重大事件。 occurrence:多指日常生活中發(fā)生的一般事件,有時(shí)也指偶然發(fā)生的事。 happening :happening與occurrence相似,多指日 常生活中發(fā)生的一般事件,有時(shí)也指 偶然發(fā)生的事。2021/3/1335 , to past experience, and also to visualize future needs. 魚通過鰓攝取氧氣。 Fish takein oxygen through their

34、 gills. 我完全不能理解他的話。 I couldnt takein his story at all. 這個(gè)推銷員發(fā)現(xiàn)老太太們?nèi)菀咨袭?dāng)受騙。 The salesman finds it easy to takein old ladies. 那位好心的老太太愿意收容這個(gè)貧困無家可歸的陌生人。 The kind old lady offered to takein the poor homeless stranger. 吸收; 領(lǐng)會(huì); 欺騙; 接待 2021/3/1336 ability:普通用詞,指人先天的或?qū)W來的各種能力。 capacity:側(cè)重指人的潛在能力,通常不指體力,多指才智,尤

35、指接受與領(lǐng)悟能力。 capability:多用于人,指勝任某項(xiàng)具體工作的能力,也指本身具有、尚未發(fā)揮的潛在能力。常與of或for連用。 genius:語氣最強(qiáng),指天賦的高度才能與智力。 talent:著重指人某方面具有可發(fā)展和倍養(yǎng)的突出天賦才能,但語意比genius弱。 competence:正式用詞,側(cè)重指令人滿意的業(yè)務(wù)能力與水平,達(dá)到勝任某項(xiàng)工作等的要求。 faculty:指特殊的才能或智力。 gift:著重個(gè)人的天賦的才能或在某方面的顯著本領(lǐng),常暗含不能用作一般解釋規(guī)律的意思。 aptitude:多指先天或后天習(xí)得的運(yùn)用自如的能力, 常暗示接受能力強(qiáng),能迅速掌握一種學(xué)術(shù)訓(xùn)練或藝 術(shù)技巧。 2021/3/1337 conscience1. the part of your mind that tells you whether your actions are right or wrong 良心;良知 haveaclear/guiltyconscience 2. a guilty feeling