定語從句關(guān)系代詞及練習(xí)(共7頁)

1、定語從句1、 定語從句的定義在句子中起定語作用、修飾句中的某一名詞或代詞的從句為定語從句，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫作先行詞，可以代表人、物或者全句。定語從句由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, which, that, as關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)語法成分。例如：This is the book that my father bought me yesterday. The time when he arrives is unknown. 二、關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1. 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞

2、是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語或定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。指人的關(guān)系代詞who, whom, whose, that的用法。作主語(who / that)The man who / that is talking with Mr. Wang is a famous doctor. 作賓語包括作介詞賓語(whom / that)。She is the girl whom / that I met at the party. Is he the doctor whom / that you are looking for

3、?作定語whoseThe girl whose English is very good won the first place in the 100-metre race. 指物的關(guān)系代詞which, whose和that的用法that既可以代表事物也可以代表人，which代表事物，它們在從句中作主語或賓語；whose一般指人，但有時(shí)指物，在從句中作定語。作主語The money that / which is in the wallet is mine. A dictionary is a useful book which tells us the meaning of words.作賓

4、語The chair which / that you broke yesterday is now being repaired. 作定語The house whose roof needs repairing is only three years old. 在下列情況下，關(guān)系代詞只能用that:當(dāng)先行詞為all, anything, something, nothing, much, little, few, none,any等不定代詞或被no, only, very等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用thatThere are few books that you can read in this bo

5、okstore. He is the only person that understands me. This is the very question that came up at the meeting. Is there anything that you want to tell me?All that should be done has been done. Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?There is nothing that I can tell you.我沒什么事要告訴你。There is lit

6、tle that I can do to make up for the lost time.我?guī)缀醪荒茏鍪裁磥韽浹a(bǔ)時(shí)間上的損失。當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾時(shí)。如：The last place that we visited was the Great Wall. This is the third book that she has given me. This is the best film that has been shown this year. The first statement that was issued gave very few details.最先發(fā)布的

7、聲明沒有公布什么細(xì)節(jié)。當(dāng)先行詞既有人也有物時(shí)，即先行詞包括有指人和指物的名詞及其短語時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用thatDo you know the things and persons that they are talking about?The characters and their deeds that he describes in his novel are familiar to me.他在小說中描寫的人物及其事跡我很熟悉。當(dāng)先行詞為特殊疑問詞who時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用thatWho that have seen him do not like him?哪個(gè)見過他的人不喜歡他呢？關(guān)系代詞的選

8、擇 關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)，用who比that普遍。如：We must unite with all those who can be united.我們必須團(tuán)結(jié)一切可以團(tuán)結(jié)的人。 .關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)，用which或that在限定性定語從句中一般沒什么區(qū)別。如：It is this shirt which/that I will let you have. 當(dāng)先行詞和定語從句被其他句子成分隔開時(shí)，用who或which較為恰當(dāng)，用that容易造成句子結(jié)構(gòu)不清楚。如：A war broke out which lasted for forty years.一場延續(xù)了40年的戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)了。Anybody can

9、 explain this who knows English grammar.任何懂得英語語法的人都能解釋這一點(diǎn)。 先行詞為集合名詞時(shí)，如果該詞指一個(gè)整體，則關(guān)系代詞用which；如果指組成整體的所有成員，則關(guān)系代詞用who。如：Our team, who are all in good form, will do well in the coming matches.我們組織良好的隊(duì)伍在未來賽事中一定會表現(xiàn)出色。Our team, which placed second last year, played even better this year.去年排名第二的我們隊(duì)今年打得更為出色。

10、當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語時(shí)，只能用that或which，不能用who或whom，但可以省略。如：He is not the man that he was. The school is quite different from the one that it used to be. 只用which，不用that的情況當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，只用whichThis is the house of which the windows face south. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，which可代表先行詞或者前句，譯成“這一點(diǎn)，這些事”Tom came back, which made us happy

11、. 先行詞為that，those時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用whichWhats that which was put in the car?一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語，為了避免重復(fù)，一個(gè)用that，另一個(gè)用whichLet me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞whom,which在定語從句中作介詞賓語的用法whom,which在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，介詞可放在關(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在從句中原來的位置上。如：The picture, for which he pa

12、id $5000,was once owned by a duke.他花了5000美元買下的畫曾為一位公爵所擁有。The student whom we are talking about came up with a very good proposal at the class meeting. 我們正談及的那位學(xué)生在班會上提出了一項(xiàng)很好的建議。whom,which如果是含有介詞的短語動詞的賓語時(shí)，這時(shí)由不及物動詞和介詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞一般不可拆開，仍放在動詞后。如：The babies whom the nurses look after all look happy and energe

13、tic.護(hù)士們照顧的嬰兒們看起來都快活精神。 Is this the box which you are looking for?這是你要找的盒子嗎？whom,which作介詞of的賓語時(shí)，有如下的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：名詞（數(shù)詞或代詞）+ of+whom（或which）。如：He is reading a book, the name of which I dont know.他在讀一本書，書名我不知道。In our class there are fifteen students, three of whom are from Beijing.我們班上有15名學(xué)生，其中3名是北京人。說明：關(guān)系代詞th

14、at在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，介詞不能放在that之前，只能放在從句中原來的位置上。如：Let me have a look at the magzine that you talked about yesterday.介詞+關(guān)系代詞=when，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語I still remember the day on which / when he first came here. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞=whereIt is the very place in which / where the anti-Japanese soldiers fought over sixty years ago

15、. 介詞for+關(guān)系代詞which=why；在定語從句中作原因狀語I dont know the reason for which / why she is unhappy today. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞=that，在定語從句中作方式狀語There are many different kinds of ways in which / that they can solve the problem. 關(guān)系代詞的省略引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞在某些特定的情況下可以省略，但在非限定性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞不可省略。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作代詞的賓語時(shí)。Here is the book(which)you

16、mentioned yesterday.All(that)I have is at your disposal.我的東西你隨便用好了。作介詞賓語，且介詞放在謂語動詞之后時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略。如：Smog is one of the growin problems(that)science must deal with.煙霧是一個(gè)必須用科學(xué)解決的嚴(yán)重問題之一。There are many houses(that) Id like to see.Generation gap is a problem people are interested in. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時(shí)。He will bec

17、ome the man(which) the family wants him to be.他將成為家庭所期望的人。there be結(jié)構(gòu)作定語從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略。This is the only reference book(that) there is in our department library.我們系圖書館里只有這一本參考書。定語從句練習(xí)（關(guān)系代詞）一、單項(xiàng)選擇1. A football fan（球迷） is _ has a strong interest in football.A. a thing that B. something thatC. a person who

18、D. what2. All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs.A. that B. those C. which D. what3. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan(孤兒).A. who B. whos C. whose D. which4. He wrote a letter to me, telling me everything_he saw on the way to Beijing.A.what B.that C.which D.where5.That is the

19、 only thing_we can do now.A. which B.what C.all D.that6.Look out! Dont get too close to the house_roof is under repair.A. whose B.which C.of which D.that7、You can take any seat is free.Ain which BthatCwhereDwhich8、Is there anything to you?Athat belongBwhich belongsCthat belongsDthat is belonged9、Ive

20、 read all the books were borrowed from the library.AtheyBwhichC/Dthat10、This is the best hotel in the city I know.AitBwhereCthatDwhich11、Is there any one in your class family is in the city?AwhoseBwhichCwhosDwho12、Can you lend me the book the other day ?Awhich you talkedBthat you talkedCabout that you talkedDyou talked about13、This is one of the best films this ye