定語從句關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的知識和練習(xí)題

1、定語從句關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的知識和練習(xí)題一、定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。漢語中常用“的”表示。定語主要由形容詞擔(dān)任，此外名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語以及動詞不定式（短語）、分詞也可以做定語。a beautiful city; a bag full of money.注意：漢語的定語無論多長都放在被修飾詞的前面，而英語中的定語則不然，若是一個詞時，放在被修飾詞的前面，若是兩個以上的詞組、短語或從句則放在被修飾詞的后面，thirty women teachers; his father; the girl in red；the boy from americaour moni

2、tor is always the first student to enter the classroom.falling leaves; fallen leaves; the boy playing basketball; the book bought by my mother; a reading room; a swimming poolhe is the man who you are looking for.二：定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語1定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。2先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。3關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句

3、的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why.1. i have an apple. an apple is red.i have an apple that/which is red. 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞2. i like some friends. some friends like sports.i like friends who like sports. 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞3. i like music. the music is quiet.i like music

4、that/which is quiet. 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個作用：a、引導(dǎo)定語從句，連接主從句；b、代替先行詞；c、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。（一）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1. who指人，在定語從句中做主語。the boys who are playing football are from class one. those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. yesterday i helped an old man who had lost his w

5、ay.that is the teacher who teaches us physics.2. whom指人，在定語從句中做賓語，?？墒÷?。mr. liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.li ming is just the boy (whom) i want to see. the professor (whom) you are waiting for has come. the girl (whom) the teacher often praises is our monitor.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom 在口語或非正

6、式文體中?？捎脀ho 來代替，也可省略。the man (whom / who) you met just now is my old friend.3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時常可省略。football is a game which is liked by most boys. he likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. the house which is by the lake looks nice. this is the pen (which) he bought yester

7、day. the film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 。4that既可指人，也可指物。在定語從句中做主語或賓語，作賓語時常可省略。the number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.where is the man that / whom i saw this morning?the person that /whom you introduced to me is very

8、 kind.the season that / which comes after spring is summer.yesterday i received a letter that / which came from australia.5. whose既可指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。i visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. he has a friend whose father is a doctor.i once lived in the house whose roof has fall

9、en in.注意：指物時，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.do you like the book whose cover is yellow?do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?（二）限制性定語從句中只能用that 引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況1. 當(dāng)先行詞是everything, anything, nothi

10、ng (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等不定代詞時，或當(dāng)先行詞受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等不定代詞修飾時。如：have you taken down everything that mr. li said?there seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.all that can be done has been done. 。there is little that i can do for y

11、ou.he stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who，如：any man that / who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing. all the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people.2. 當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時。如：the first place that they visited in london w

12、as the big ben.3. 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。如：this is the best film that i have ever seen.4. 當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the only修飾時。如：this is the very dictionary that i want to buy.after the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who。如：wang hua is the only person in our school wh

13、o will attend the meeting.5. 當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時。如：who is the man that is standing by the gate?which is the t-shirt that fits me most?6. 當(dāng)先行詞為人與物時。如：they talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.（三）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1when 指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。當(dāng)先行詞是表時間的名詞，比如time, day, week, month, y

14、ear等；且定語從句中缺少時間狀語時用when. 若先行詞是表時間的名詞，定語從句中缺主語或賓語時，用that/which引導(dǎo)。i still remember the day when i first came to this school.the time when we got together finally arrived.do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparentsdo you remember the days（that/which）we spent togethe

15、r last year i will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.i will never forget the days that / which we spent together.2where 指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。若先行詞是表地點的名詞，比如park, city, farm, place等；且定語從句中缺地點狀語時用where. 若先行詞是表地點的名詞，定語從句中缺主語或賓語時，用that/which引導(dǎo)。shanghai is the city where i was born. 上海是

16、我出生的城市。the house where i lived ten years ago has been pulled down. i visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised.shanghai is the city (which/that) i want to visit.i know a place where we can have a picnic. i know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.3why 指原因，在定語從句中做原

17、因狀語。若先行詞是reason; 且定語從句中缺少原因狀語時，用why引導(dǎo)。若先行詞是reason，定語從句中缺主語或賓語，用which/that引導(dǎo)。please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.i dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.i didnt believe the reason (that/which) he explained to me注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句經(jīng)常可以用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句來表示。如：from the years when / in

18、 which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live. the reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.（四）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系

19、代詞”引出。the school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.the school in which he once studied is very famous.tomorrow ill bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.tomorrow ill bring here the magazine for which you asked. this is the boy (whom / who / that) i played tennis with ye

20、sterday.this is the boy with whom i played tennis with yesterday. well go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. the manager whose company i work in pays much attention to improving our working condi

21、tions.the manager in whose company i work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.注意：1. 含有介詞的固定短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。this is the watch (which / that) i am looking for. (正)this is the watch for which i am looking. (誤)the babies (whom / who / tha

22、t) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正)the babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （誤）2. 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時，只可用whom，不可用who, that；關(guān)系代詞指物時只可用which，不可用that。the man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor. (正) the man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbor.

23、(誤)the plane in which we flew to canada was really comfortable. (正)the plane in that we flew to canada was really comfortable. (誤)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如：he loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.in the basket there are qu

24、ite many apples, some of which have gone bad.there are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 注意事項:如何判斷關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞方法一：用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。不及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系副詞或者是介詞+關(guān)系代詞；而及物動詞后接賓語，則要求用關(guān)系代詞

25、。例如：this is the mountain village where i stayed last year.ill never forget the days when i worked together with you.判斷改錯（注：先顯示題，再顯示答案，橫線；用不同的顏色表示出。）（錯） this is the mountain village where i visited last year.（錯） i will never forget the days when i spent in the countryside.（對） this is the mountain vil

26、lage (which) i visited last year.（對） i'll never forget the days (which) i spent in the countryside.方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。例1. is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?a. whereb. that c. on which d. the one例2. is this the museum _ the exhibition was held?a. where b.

27、that c. on which d. the one答案：關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關(guān)系代詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 ( where 地點狀語，when 時間狀語，why 原因狀語) 。（五）限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句形式上：不用逗號“，”與主句隔開。意義上：是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達不完整。譯法上：譯成先行詞的定語：“的”關(guān)系詞的使用上：a作賓語時可省略 b可用that c可用who 代替whom非限制性定語從句形式

28、上：用逗號“，”與主句隔開。意義上：只是對先行詞的補充說明，如刪除，主句仍能表達完整的意思。譯法上：通常譯成主句的并列句。關(guān)系詞的使用上：a. 不可省略 b不用that c. 不可用who 代替whom限制性定語從句舉例：the teacher told me that tom was the only person that i could depend on. china is a country which has a long history.in the street i saw a man who was from africa.his mother, who loves him

29、very much, is strict with him.china, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.last summer i visited the peoples great hall, in which many important meetings are held every year. （六）關(guān)系代詞as和which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句as 和which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時， 其用法有相同之處，也有不同之處。具體情況是：1. as 和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或賓語，代表前面整

30、個句子。如：he married her, as / which was natural. 他跟她結(jié)婚了，這是很自然的事。he is honest, as / which we can see. 他很誠實， 這一點我們看得出來。2. as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至還可以分割主句。 which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含義。如：as is known to all, china is a developing country.he is from the south, as we can know from his

31、accent.john, as you know, is a famous writer.zhang hua has been to paris more than ten times, which i dont believe.注意：當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，關(guān)系詞往往只用which。如：tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.these tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy.3. 當(dāng)先行詞受such

32、, so, the same 修飾時，關(guān)系詞常用as。 如：ive never heard such stories as he tells.he is not such a fool as he looks.this is the same dictionary as i lost last week.注意：當(dāng)先行詞受the same 修飾時，偶爾也用 that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但與as引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思有區(qū)別。如：she wore the same dress that she wore at marys wedding. she wore the same dress as her youn

33、ger sister wore.(七) 以the way為先行詞時，若定語從句中缺少方式狀語，定語從句通常由in which或that引導(dǎo)，而且還可以省略。若定語從句中缺主語或賓語，用（that/which）引導(dǎo)定語從句。the way (that / in which) he answered the questions was surprising.i dont like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her. i dont like the way (that/which) he told me.做定語從句題一般分三步：第一找出先行詞；第二

34、看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能（做主語、賓語或狀語）；第三選擇合適的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。一、 are three bedrooms in the house, _ is mary's.a the smallest of which b the smaller of whichc the smallest of them d the smallest one greens will move into the new house next monday, _ it will be completely finished.a by the time b by which time c by that

35、time d by this time has a large collection of phone, _ was taken in london.a none of them b no one of which c all of which d none of which the fast development of agriculture, the people _ village i taught before lived a happy life.a who b whose c in whose d in which is a mountain _ the top is alway

36、s covered with snow.a whose b of which c it's d that may have missed her train, in _ case she won't arrive for another hour.a what b that c which d this7. 1) i have three children, and two of _ are doctors.2) i have three children, two of _ are doctors. two thousand students in our school, _

37、 are girls.a two-thirds in which b two-thirds in them c two-thirds of them d of whom two thirds have bought two bullpens, _ writes well.a neither of them b none of them c neither of which d none of which二、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)定語從句1. these houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected.a. like b. as c. that d.

38、 which2. i've never heard so interesting a story _ you told me.a. as b. that c. of which d. about which3. i've seen the same film _ you saw yesterday.a. that b. which c. as d. like4. i'll buy the same coat _ you wear.a. that b. which c. as d. like5. he made another wonderful discovery, _

39、 of great importance to science.a. which i think isb. which i think it isc. which i think itd. i think is6. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.a. it b. as c. that d. what7. this is the first time _ he has been here.a. that b. when c. at which d. which8. i don&

40、#39;t like _ you speak to her.a. the way b. they way in that c. the way which d. the way of which三、1. this is the best factory _we visited last year.a. where b. which c. in which d. that this the factory _computers are built?a. that b. which c. in which d. in that pass me the dictionary _cover is re

41、d.a. whose b. its c. which d. which of man _has arrived.a. whom i told you b. that i told youc. whom i told you about him d. i told you about5. do you know the comrade _we are talking?a. to whom b. to who c. whom d. to that6. they visited the house _the great writer was born.a. from where b. in whic

42、h c. which d. in where7. the comrade _is speaking at the meeting is my teacher.a. whom b. which c. who d. whose8. he asked us to watch carefully everything _he did in class.a. who b. that c. what d. where9. ill visit the professor tomorrow, _he will be back from shanghai.a. who b. that c. when d. wh

43、ich school _i study is a new one.a. on which b. at where c. on that d. at which11. china has many islands, _the largest is taiwan.a. in which b. at which c. which d. of which12. the city _my mother grew up is not far from here.a. what b. where c. that d. which13. our teacher lives in the house _door

44、 faces to the north.a. which b. his c. that d. whose14. do you know the man _your father nodded?a. whom b. to whom c. to who d. about whom is a sport in _people easily get hurt.a. that b. when c. which d. what16. i told you _i know.a. all that b. all which c. all what d. all whom has a lot of famous

45、 writers, one _is lu xun.a. of which b. of whom c. of who d. of them18. is this factory _we visited last year?a. in which b. around that c. whom d. the one19. who is the man _was there?a. who b. which c. that d. whom20. is there anything _i can do for you, sir.a. that b. which c. whose d. who21. i s

46、till remember the day _she first wore that green dress.a. which b. in which c. on that d. on which22. the knife _we used to cut the bread is very sharp.a. with which b. with it c. with that d. which23. the games _the young men competed in were difficult.a. in which b. which c. it d. who rained hard

47、yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.a. thatb. which c. as d. it25. george mallory was an english school teacher _ loved climbing.a. who b. whom c. he d. which parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.a. of whom b. whom c. of whose d. whose heard a terrible noise, _ brought

48、 her heart into her mouth. b. which c. this d. that the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.a. that b. who c. from whom whom weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.a. what b. which c. that living in pairs for fifty years he returned to the

49、small town _ he grew up as a child.a. which b. where c. that d. when 31. carol said the work would be done by october, _personally i doubt very much.a. it b. that c. when d. which 32dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy.awho bwhich cthis dw

50、hat i bought an ancient chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.a. which price c. the price of whichc. its price d. the price of whose has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules. b. it c. that d. which lived in london for 3 months, during _ time he learned some english.a. this b. which c. that d. same the wall hung a picture, _ color