英語基本句型與高考

1、 英語基本句型與高考 五種基本句型是任何英語句子的基本組成部分，其他如定語、狀語等均是句子的次要或附屬部分。只要掌握了這五種基本句型，當遇到較復雜的句子時，運用這些基本句型進行分析，對句子的理解也就變得容易多了。 1. 主語動詞（SV） 這一句型中的謂語動詞是不及物動詞，但后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等作狀語。 The water is boiling. The train will leave soon. 2. 主語系動詞表語（SVP） 此類句型有共同一個特點：句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語，才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫作連系動詞。連系動詞

2、分四類： (1) 表示狀態(tài)的連系動詞：be Getting up early is good for people. (2) 表示感覺的連系動詞：look, seem, appear, smell, taste, feel, sound等 These roses smell sweet. (3) 表示保持的連系動詞：keep, remain, stay等。 We should remain modest at any time. (4) 表示轉變或結果的連系動詞：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove等。 The weather is getting

3、colder and colder. 3. 主語動詞賓語（SVO） 這一句型中的謂語動詞是及物動詞，它必須帶有自己的賓語。 在英文中，當一個動詞（包括單個動詞和動詞短語）作及物動詞用時，它必須要有自己的賓語。否則會視為句子不完整。 He has a sister. They wanted to have a rest. 4. 主語動詞間接賓語直接賓語（SVOO） 這一句型中常見的謂語動詞有：give, bring, tell, send, leave, pass, read, teach, write, take, show, teach, get, award, lend, rent, bu

4、y, pay, hand等。 She bought me a shirt. =She bought a shirt for me. Pass him the dictionary, please. =Pass the dictionary to him, please. 5. 主語動詞賓語賓語補足語（SVOC） 此句型的句子的共同特點是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思，必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語，才能使意思完整。能作賓語補足語成分的有：名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞等。 We elected him our monitor. I had

5、the bike repaired. The news made me happy. undefined2 我們要利用以上五個句型去閱讀或寫英文句子。這樣，再長、再復雜的句子也可以被看成那么“幾塊”， 即主語、謂語、賓語、補語、表語再加上定語、狀語。 判斷下列句子為何種句型： In other words, we are the master of our own future. This morning our teacher told us something about the Hope Project in class. A blind man was walking slowly a

6、nd carefully with a stick in his hand. Should we sacrifice our childrens future for our own interests? Friends made my life full of excitement, imagination and romance. His wish is to become a scientist. He lost the money on his way home. The lawyer is not available now. I heard him singing in the n

7、ext door. 二、按句子的用途分類，所有的英語句子可以分成四個種類：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句。 按句子的結構分類，英語句子可以分成三個類別：簡單句、并列句、復合句。 這里所說的結構，主要是指句子中主語和謂語之間構成的關系。 1. 簡單句 簡單句只有一個主謂關系。 China and Chinese people are incredibly progressing in many aspects. Computers means a lot to human beings and are paid more and more attention by people. 2. 并列句

8、并列句有兩個或兩個以上的主謂結構。這些主謂結構之間的關系式并列的、對等的。在并列句中，要使用并列連詞來連接平行對等的分句。 （1） 表示轉折關系：but, yet Everything in the world is outside you but health belongs to yourself. He has learned English for only one year, yet he can communicate with people in English. (2) 表示因果關系：for, so Youd better take an umbrella with you,

9、for its going to rain. Ive got a meeting to attend, so I have to go now.、 (3) 表示并列、選擇、遞進等關系：and, or, eitheror, neithernor, not only but (also) She came to my house yesterday evening, and I went to hers. Do it this way or youll be in trouble. Either you tell him the truth, or I do it. 3. 復合句 復合句有兩個或兩

10、個以上的主謂結構。其中只有一個主謂結構是主要的，其他的主謂結構都從屬于那個主要的主謂結構。 主要的主謂結構稱作句子的主句，其他的主謂結構稱為句子的從句。 復合句的從句包括定語從句、狀語從句(時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、方式、讓步、比較狀語從句)、名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。 1. The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice. 2. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 3. It is said that Mr. Gr

11、een has arrived in Beijing. 4. Do you know that he has joined the army? 5. He has made it clear that he will not give in6. The question is where we should stay. 7. What they need is a good textbook. 8. It looks as if it is going to rain. 9. My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been

12、answered. 10. I have written home four times since I came here. 11. The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming. 12. I found my wallet where I had left it. 13. Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting. 14. Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me. 15. Take your raincoat in case it rains. 16. He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family. 17.