代詞及it的用法

1、代詞及it的用法一一. .人稱代詞人稱代詞四四. .指示代詞指示代詞二二. .物主代詞物主代詞五五. .不定代詞不定代詞三三. .反身代詞反身代詞六六. .疑問代詞疑問代詞七七. .連接代詞連接代詞八八. .關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞一一. .人稱代詞人稱代詞第一人稱第一人稱第二人稱第二人稱第三人稱第三人稱 人稱人稱格格數(shù)數(shù)單數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù) 主格主格賓格賓格主格主格 賓格賓格Iyouhesheitmeyou him her itweyoutheyusyouthem用法口訣：用法口訣： 人稱代詞分兩格，主格賓格來分說；人稱代詞分兩格，主格賓格來分說； 主格定把主語作，賓格作賓不會錯。主格定把主語作，賓格作

2、賓不會錯。 1 1、單數(shù)你他我，復(fù)數(shù)一二三，道歉我為先、單數(shù)你他我，復(fù)數(shù)一二三，道歉我為先. .一一. .人稱代詞人稱代詞1.我、你、他、都我、你、他、都18歲。歲。_2.你們、我們、他們都來自中國。你們、我們、他們都來自中國。 _.You, he and I are 18.We, you and they are from China2 2、在簡短對話中，當(dāng)人稱代詞單獨使用或在、在簡短對話中，當(dāng)人稱代詞單獨使用或在not not 后多用后多用賓格賓格. .作表語，也用賓格。作表語，也用賓格。 I like English. _ too. A. I B. He C. Me1. Who brok

3、e the window? Not _. A. I B. he C. her2. Miss Li invited _ have dinner with her . A. me and you B. you and I C. you and me3. Who taught _ English last term? A. them B. their C. they二二. .物主代詞物主代詞人稱人稱分類分類 第一人稱第一人稱 第二人稱第二人稱 第三人稱第三人稱 單數(shù)單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù)單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形形容容詞詞性性 名名詞詞性性 my my ourouryour your your

4、 your his his her her its its their their mine mine ourours s youryours s youryours s his his herhers s its its theirtheirs s 用法口訣：物主代詞兩類型，形容詞性、名詞性。用法口訣：物主代詞兩類型，形容詞性、名詞性。 形容詞性作定語，后面定把名詞用。形容詞性作定語，后面定把名詞用。 名詞性、獨立用，主賓表語它都充。名詞性、獨立用，主賓表語它都充。 v形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞。在句中作定語修飾名詞。 I like my job.v形容詞性物主代詞與own連用表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。

5、This is my own house.v名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于名詞，不能用于名詞之前。 This is your book. Where is mine？v“of+名詞性物主代詞”構(gòu)成雙重屬格。 A friend of mine will come here next week.二二. .物主代詞物主代詞1. She is a friend of _. A. my B. mine C. I2. This isnt my pen ,it is _. A. her B. his C. him3. Frank cant find _ dictionary . Can you lend _ to _

6、? A. her , mine , her B. / , yours , he C. his , yours , him4. _ school is much bigger than _. A. Our , their B. Ours , theirs C. Our , theirs5. The dog is so poor because _ leg is badly hurt . A. it B. its C. its三三. .反身代詞反身代詞 人稱人稱分類分類第一人稱第一人稱第二人稱第二人稱 第三人稱第三人稱單單 數(shù)數(shù) 復(fù)復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)myself ourselves yourself your

7、selveshimselfthemselvesherself itself 用法口訣：反身代詞表自身，句中可作兩成分。用法口訣：反身代詞表自身，句中可作兩成分。 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)同位語，賓語動作回自身。表示強(qiáng)調(diào)同位語，賓語動作回自身。 2. 2. 反身代詞常見固定搭配反身代詞常見固定搭配 過得愉快過得愉快自學(xué)自學(xué) 請隨便吃請隨便吃 自言自語自言自語 獨自獨自 為自己為自己 不要客氣不要客氣 陶醉沉浸于陶醉沉浸于 自己穿衣服自己穿衣服 照顧自己照顧自己三三. .反身代詞反身代詞 enjoy oneself learn by / teach oneself help oneself to sth. say

8、 to oneself by oneself for oneself make oneself at home lose oneself in dress oneself look after oneself1.The man is rich , he can buy _ a lot of things . A. he B. his C. himself2. - What a lovely card ! Where did you buy it? - I made it by _. A. me B. myself C. itself3. “Help _ to some chicken ,”my

9、 mother said to the guests. A. yourself B. yourselves C. yourthis,that,these,thosev時空的差別時空的差別 this/these指在時間或空間上較近的事物或指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人人,that/those指在時間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人指在時間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人. This is a pen and that is a pencil We are busy these days In those days the workers had a hard timev行文敘述上的差別行文敘述上的差別。 this/

10、these指代下文要講到的人或事 that/those指代前面講到的人或事 I shall say this to you: he is a poor man. He was ill. Thats why he didnt come.v打電話時this 表示我,that表示你. Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?四四. .指示代詞指示代詞v疑問代詞有疑問代詞有who(指人,誰)，whom，whose（指人，誰的），what(指事，什么)和和which(指人、事均可，哪一個)等等。v疑問代詞用于特殊疑問句中，一般都放在句首，并疑問代詞用于特殊疑

11、問句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。在句子中作為某一句子成分。vWho is going to come here tomorrow? （作主語）vWhat is that? (作表語)vWhose umbrella is this? (作定語) vWhom are you waiting for? (作賓語)四四. .疑問代詞疑問代詞1.定義：不指明所代替的名詞或形容詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，定義：不指明所代替的名詞或形容詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，不定代詞可分為：不定代詞可分為：uevery-,some-,any-,no-和和-one,-body,-thing構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代

12、詞。詞。usome, any， many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either,a few,few,a little,little等等2.不定代詞在使用中的注意點不定代詞在使用中的注意點：u由由every-,some-,any-,no-和和-one,-body,-thing構(gòu)成的復(fù)合構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞通常只看做代詞通常只看做單數(shù)單數(shù)形式，其謂語要用形式，其謂語要用單數(shù)單數(shù)。 Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.uSomething,anythin

13、g,nothing和形容詞連用時，形容詞要和形容詞連用時，形容詞要放在他們的放在他們的后面后面。 Something important/anything interesting/nothing funnyv some 肯定句肯定句 any 否定句否定句/ 疑問句疑問句/ 條件句條件句vsome 也可以用于疑問句中表示請求、建議，希望得到肯定也可以用于疑問句中表示請求、建議，希望得到肯定答復(fù)。答復(fù)。Would you like _ coffee?somev不定代詞（不定代詞（something ,anyone）+ 形容詞形容詞v當(dāng)當(dāng)some修飾的修飾的可數(shù)名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞是單數(shù)時，時，som

14、e 表示表示 “某個某個” 的的意思。意思。 I have read that in some magazine.vany 用于用于肯定句肯定句中有中有 “任何一個任何一個” 解。解。vTom runs faster than any other boy in his class.1. Do you have _ to do this evening? A. important something B. anything important C. something important 2. _ is watching TV . Lets turn it off . A . Somebody

15、B. Anybody C. Nobody3. Would you like _? I can get it for you . A. something else B. anything else C. everything else代名詞代名詞形容詞形容詞單數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)another另一個另一個others別人，其他人別人，其他人another (boy)另一個（男孩）另一個（男孩）other (boys)其他男孩其他男孩the other另一個另一個the others其余那些人、物其余那些人、物the other (boy)另一個男孩另一個男孩the other (bo

16、ys)其余那些男孩其余那些男孩v1.antoher 表示表示“又一個，另一個，再一個又一個，另一個，再一個”，泛指眾多中的一個泛指眾多中的一個，可，可單獨使用或接單獨使用或接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，其，其前面不加定冠詞前面不加定冠詞。 Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me another. You can see another ship in the sea, cant you?v2.antoher用在用在復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，表示復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，表示“再，又再，又”，相當(dāng)于，相當(dāng)于more。 If you give me ano

17、ther five minutes,Ill finish the work. v3.the other 表示表示“兩者中的另一個兩者中的另一個”，常與，常與one搭配構(gòu)成搭配構(gòu)成“one ., the other .”句型。句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.v4. “the others”表示表示特指某范圍內(nèi)的特指某范圍內(nèi)的“其他的人或物其他的人或物”。是是復(fù)數(shù)的特指復(fù)數(shù)的特指。the others=the other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) In our class only Tom is

18、 English, the others are Chinese.v5.others表示表示“別人，其他人別人，其他人”，是，是復(fù)數(shù)的泛指復(fù)數(shù)的泛指，others=other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) In the park some are playing games. Others are walking near the river. Tom and Mary have arrived, but _ in your class arent here yet. A. the others B. others C. the other One of the sides of the road sho

19、uld be painted yellow, and_ white. A. the other Banother C. others This pair of trousers is too short. Would you please show me _ one. A. other B. others C. another the other others the other others the others anotherthe others another I have two brothers. _ is a doctor, _ is a soldier. A. One, the

20、other B. One, other C. The one, the other Some of the students are playing on the playground. But wherere _? A. the other B.others C.the others - Is this your sock ? - Yes, it is . Where is _? A. another B. the other one C. others We got home by 4 oclock ,but _ didnt get back until 8 oclock. A. the

21、other B. others C. the others 不定代詞不定代詞含義含義數(shù)量關(guān)系數(shù)量關(guān)系作定語時作定語時名詞的數(shù)名詞的數(shù)作主語時作主語時動詞的數(shù)動詞的數(shù)each每一個每一個2單數(shù)單數(shù)單數(shù)單數(shù)every每一個每一個3單數(shù)單數(shù)單數(shù)單數(shù)veach：1)可單獨使用，可單獨使用，2)可做代名詞、形容詞，可做代名詞、形容詞， 3)著重著重“個別個別”， 4)用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個人或物。用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個人或物。vevery：1)不可單獨使用，不可單獨使用，2)僅作形容詞僅作形容詞， 3)著重著重“全體全體”，毫無例外，毫無例外，4)用于三者或三者以上每一個人或用于三者或三者以

22、上每一個人或物。物。v當(dāng)我們說當(dāng)我們說each child, each student或或each teacher時，我們想到的是時，我們想到的是一一個人的情況個人的情況。而當(dāng)我們說。而當(dāng)我們說every child和和every student時，我們想到的是時，我們想到的是全體的情況，全體的情況，every的意思與的意思與all接近，表示他們都如此。接近，表示他們都如此。 Each ball has a different colour. Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.v注意：我們可以用注意：我們可以用each

23、 of , 而不能用而不能用 every of 如：如：Each of you can have a rest.vevery other 每隔每隔 every other day 每隔一天每隔一天 = every two days I gave them _ an apple. A. every B. each C. each of There is a line of trees on _ side of the street. Aevery Beach Cboth She goes shopping _ five days. A. every B. each C. each of 他隔天來

24、這里。他隔天來這里。 He came here _ day.every other不定代不定代詞詞含義含義數(shù)量關(guān)數(shù)量關(guān)系系作定語時作定語時名詞的數(shù)名詞的數(shù)作主語時作主語時動詞的數(shù)動詞的數(shù)either兩者中的任何一兩者中的任何一個個=2單數(shù)單數(shù)單數(shù)單數(shù)neither兩者都不兩者都不=2單數(shù)單數(shù)單數(shù)單數(shù)both兩者都兩者都=2復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)either of 兩者兩者之一+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞 / them / us謂單謂單neither of 兩者兩者都不都不謂單謂單both of 兩者兩者都都謂復(fù)謂復(fù) _ of the girls _ him. They asked him for name

25、card. A. Neither; know B. Either; know C. Neither; knows Both of his parents _ teachers. A. is B. are C. was Both of his brothers _ in this hospital, but neither of them _ a doctor. A. works; is B. work; is C. work; areeither neither botheither neither botheither neither botheither neither both Eith

26、er Tom or the twins _ the way to the shop. A. know B. knows C. finds Neither you nor I _ a scientist. A. is B. are C. am Both Tom and Mary _ hard. A. studies B. study C. studyingeither or 或者或者或者或者就近原則neither nor 兩者兩者都不都不both and 兩者兩者都都復(fù)數(shù)謂語 The students are all from Foshan . They _ like their city .

27、A. both B. all C. either Lucy and Lily _ agree with us. A. all B. both C. neither How are your parents ? They are _ fine. A. both B. all C. no I didnt see it, _. A. too B. as well C. either He couldnt open the door. _. A. Neither could I B. So could I C. Neither couldnt I They_ in good health, and t

28、hey_ there. A. are both; will both go B. both are; will go both C. are both; both goeseither否定句末否定句末 “也也”neither倒裝句表否定倒裝句表否定 neither + 助動詞助動詞 / be / 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 + 主語主語both助動詞助動詞 / be / 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 + bothboth + 行為動詞行為動詞 How many people are there in the room? _. A. None B. No one C. Lucy Who is in the room?

29、 _. A. None B. No one C. one None of them _ China. A. come from B. is from C. is come fromnoneno onenothing沒有什么人沒有什么人 / 物物“沒有人沒有人” 只能指只能指人人沒有東西，只能沒有東西，只能指物指物回答回答 how many/much 問問句句回答回答who問句問句回答回答what的問句的問句none of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞 / them 謂語用謂語用單數(shù)單數(shù)肯定否定可數(shù)a fewfew不可數(shù)a littlelittlev當(dāng)前面由當(dāng)前面由only 修飾，常用修飾，常用 a f

30、ew 或或a little .va little 可表示可表示“有點，稍微有點，稍微”1.Although all the girls have tried their best , only _ pass the exam. A. few B. a few C. a little2. Dont worry .There is _ time left . A. little B. a little C. few3. You are so great! _ people in the school can do it . A. A little B. Little C. Few it 可指不知性別的嬰兒或不確指性別的人可指不知性別的嬰兒或不確指性別的人.1