2022年過(guò)去分詞的用法詳解

1、1 過(guò)去分詞的用法詳解1. 分詞作定語(yǔ)1）分詞作定語(yǔ)既可以放在所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語(yǔ)， 也可以放在所修飾的詞后面，作后置定語(yǔ)。其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。例如：where are the reserved seats? （=where are the seats which have been reserved? ）預(yù)定的座位在哪里？this is a pressing problem. （=this is a problem which is pressing. ）這是一個(gè)緊迫的問(wèn)題。2）分詞作后置定語(yǔ)可分為限制性（緊跟在所修飾的中心詞之后）和非限制性（用逗號(hào)與其所修飾的中心詞分開(kāi)）兩種，

2、其作用分別相當(dāng)于一個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。例如：the funds raised （= which have been raised） are mainly used for helping the homeless. 籌集的資金主要用來(lái)幫助那些無(wú)家可歸的人。there are many students waiting （= who are waiting ） to get examined. 有許多學(xué)生在等待檢查。this book， written （= which is written ） in simple english ， is suitable for beginn

3、ers. 本書(shū)是用淺顯的英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)的，適合初學(xué)者。3）分詞常和形容詞、副詞或名詞構(gòu)成合成形容詞作定語(yǔ)。例如：the flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone. 那位手持鮮花的姑娘一定在等人。the newly-built building is our office building. 這座新建的大樓是我們的辦公樓。4）有些不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，并不表示被動(dòng)的意思而是表示完成。這類(lèi)過(guò)去分詞常作前置修飾語(yǔ)。例如：there are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn. 秋天有許多落葉。the film des

4、cribes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man. 這部電影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。常用的這一類(lèi)詞有：fallen， faded， returned， retired， risen， grown up， vanished等。2. 分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1） 跟分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：catch， have get， keep， hear， find， feel， leave， make，want， start， notice， observe， watch， set等。例如：when they returned home from t

5、he holiday ， they found their house stolen. 當(dāng)他們度假完回到家時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)房子被盜了。（過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)）we want this work finished quickly. 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 頁(yè)，共 4 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -2 我們要求這項(xiàng)工作很快完成。2）在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表示賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。例如：there was so much noise tha

6、t the speaker couldnt make himself heard. 由于十分吵鬧，講話(huà)人沒(méi)法讓人聽(tīng)到他的聲音。when he awoke， he found himself being looked after by an old woman. 他醒來(lái)的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)一位老大娘正在照顧他。3. 分詞作狀語(yǔ)1）分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、讓步、條件、方式或伴隨狀況。通常可轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句；表示方式或伴隨狀況的可以轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句或非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。例如：confined to bed （= because she was confined to bed），she nee

7、ded to be waited on in everything. 她臥病在床，什么事都需要人伺候。（作原因狀語(yǔ)）having only book knowledge （= if you only have book knowledge ），you will not be able to work well. 如果只有書(shū)本知識(shí)，你就不可能做好工作。（作條件狀語(yǔ)）they stood there waiting for the bus. （=they stood there and waited for the bus. ）他們站在那里等公共汽車(chē)。（作方式狀語(yǔ)）2） 現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)

8、的用法比較不管是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，如果單獨(dú)作狀語(yǔ)， 其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和主句的主語(yǔ)一致。分詞作狀語(yǔ)通?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句，如果狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)， 就用過(guò)去分詞；如果狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，就用現(xiàn)在分詞。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，分詞前可帶連詞when， while ， if， though， as if， unless等一起作狀語(yǔ)，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更連貫。例如：working hard （if you work hard ），you will succeed. 如果你努力，你會(huì)成功的。defeated （= though he was defeated）， h

9、e remained a popular boxer. 雖然他被擊敗了，但他仍然是一個(gè)受人喜愛(ài)的拳擊手。4. 分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)1）分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要特別注意其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)一致。否則，分詞必須有自己的主語(yǔ)， 這種帶主語(yǔ)的分詞被稱(chēng)為分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，或叫獨(dú)立主格。 在句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等。例如：the project finished ， they had a two weeks leave. 完成那個(gè)計(jì)劃后，他們休了兩周假。he being absent， nothing could be done. 由于他缺席，什么事也沒(méi)法干。精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - -

10、 - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 頁(yè)，共 4 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -3 2） 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)也可以用“with/ without + 名詞（或代詞的賓語(yǔ)）+ 分詞 ” 的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示伴隨狀況。例如：they sat there silently ， （ with ） their eyes fixedon the lake. 他們靜靜地坐在那里，眼睛看著湖面。with him helping me ， i felt lucky. 有他的幫助，我感到很幸運(yùn)。分詞專(zhuān)練從 a、b、c、d 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 1he told me about th

11、e things at the meeting a to discuss b being discussed cdiscussed dbe discussed 2a metal uranium gives off a kind of radiation a calling b called cis called d which called 3the water in this glass is too hot i prefer some cold water a to boil b having boiled c boiled d boiling 4the problem just is a

12、n important one a to be referred to breferred to creferring to d referred 5the story was so that all of us were to tears a moving; moving b moved; moved c moved; moving d moving; moved 6when i entered the theatre, i saw him in the first row a sit down b sat cseated dseating 7i found my daughter quit

13、e in drawing a interested b interest cinteresting d to interest 8he had his leg in the football match yesterday a to break bbroken cbreak dbreaking 9if you have a book in front of your face, you can feel the air against your face a moving b moved cbe moved dto move 10with the job , they went to the

14、cinema a doing bdo cto do ddone 11with the boy the way, the soldiers managed to walk through the forest a to lead bled c leading dto be leading 12before he came to london, he had never heard a single english word a speaking bspeak cspoken dto speak 13the program was so exciting that the children kept their eyes on the screen a fixed b to fix c to be fixed d fixing 14the captain placed the flag over the boy, leaving only his face a uncover buncovering c to be uncovered duncovered 15she was very glad to see her child well a take care of