小學(xué)英語語法重點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)

1、精品文檔精品文檔一、名 詞表示某一事物，有具體的和抽象的之分。分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。強(qiáng)調(diào)：不可數(shù)名詞都默認(rèn)為單數(shù)，所以總是用is 或者 was；最好不要根據(jù)some、any、a lot of 等詞去作判斷，以免受誤導(dǎo)。1、可數(shù)名詞如何變“ 復(fù)數(shù)形式 ” ：a一般情況下，直接加-s，如： book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；讀音：清輔音后讀s ，濁輔音和元音后讀 z 。b以 s. x. sh. ch 結(jié)尾，加 -es，如： bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ；讀音： iz 。c

2、以 “ 輔音字母 +y” 結(jié)尾，變y 為 i, 再加 -es，如： family-families, strawberry-strawberries ；讀音： z 。d以 “f或 fe ”結(jié)尾，變 f 或 fe 為 v, 再加 -es，如： knife-knives ，thief-thieves ；讀音： z 。e以 “ o”結(jié)尾的詞，分兩種情況1）有生命的 +es 讀音： z 如： mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes 2) 無生命的 +s 讀音： z 如： photo-photos radio-radios f. 不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men

3、, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, chinese-chinese, japanese-japanese 2、不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)。如果要計(jì)算不可數(shù)名詞所表達(dá)的數(shù)量，就得在數(shù)詞和不可數(shù)名詞之間加上“ 量詞+of” 。例如： a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of jui

4、ce 判斷步驟：如是 am、 is 或 was原形讀句子 讀該單詞 認(rèn)識該單詞 理解意思 看 be動(dòng)詞如是 are 或 were 加 s 或 es 練一練：1、寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)。i _ him _ this _ her _ watch _ mango_child _ photo _ diary _ day_ foot_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _ thief _ engineer_ peach_ sandwich _ man_ woman_ leaf_ people_ 2、用所給名詞的正確形式填空。精品文檔精品文檔（1） are ther

5、e two ( box ) on the table? （2） i can see some ( people ) in the cinema. （3） how many ( day ) are there in a week? （4） herere five( bottle ) of ( juice ) for you. （5） this ( violin ) is hers. those ( grape ) are over there. 二、冠詞冠詞是一種虛詞，不能獨(dú)立使用，通常放在名詞的前面，分為“ 不定冠詞 ” 和“ 定冠詞 ” 兩種。1、不定冠詞：a、an。用在單數(shù)名詞前，表示“

6、一個(gè)，一件 ” 。an 用在以元音 “ 音素 ” 開頭的單詞前。如：an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an english watch, an hour2、定冠詞： the。用在單數(shù)或者復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。the 沒有具體意思，有時(shí)翻譯為這、那。它的基本用法：（ 1）用來表示特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：the map on the wall is new. （ 2）表示說話者雙方都知道的人或事物。如：look at the picture, please. （ 3）表示再次提到前面談過的人或事物。如：this is a stamp. the stamp is b

7、eautiful. （ 4）用在表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前。如：the sun 太陽the moon 月亮the earth 地球（ 5）用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。如：the great wall 長城（ 6）用在江河、湖海等專有名詞前。如：the changjiang river 長江（ 7）此外，序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級、樂器名稱等詞前面和一些習(xí)慣用語中一般都用定冠詞the。如：the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class 確定用 a、an還是 the 時(shí)可根據(jù)漢語意思。練一練：1、用 a 或 an填空。_

8、“ u” _ ice-cream _ goalkeeper _ teapot _apple _office _english book _umbrella _unit _hour 2、根據(jù)需要，填寫冠詞a，an或 the。（1） who is _girl behind _tree? （2） _old man has two children, _ son and _daughter. （3） this is _ orange. _ orange is lucys.（4） he likes playing _guitar. we have _same hobby. 精品文檔精品文檔（5） we

9、all had_good time last sunday. （6） she wants to be_doctor. 三， 數(shù) 詞我們學(xué)過兩類：基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)用于表示數(shù)量多少，而基數(shù)詞用于表示次序，常在日期中出現(xiàn)。區(qū)別：基數(shù)詞前面沒有“the”；序數(shù)詞前一定要有 “the”。1、超過二十以上的兩位數(shù)需要在個(gè)位和十位之間加上“ -” 。如： 21 twenty-one 2、三位數(shù)以上的則需要在百位數(shù)后再加上and。如： 101 a/one hundred and one 3、用基數(shù)詞來修飾可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，一定別忘了它的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：十八個(gè)男孩eighteen boys 4、用基數(shù)詞修飾不可數(shù)名

10、詞時(shí)，如是復(fù)數(shù)，變它的量詞為復(fù)數(shù)。如：兩碗米飯two bowls of rice 5、序數(shù)詞一般加 “th ”，特殊的有： first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth 以及二十及二十以外的整十： twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth “第幾十幾 ” ：前面整十不變，后面 “ 幾” 改為序數(shù)詞。如： 88 eighty-eighth 練一練：1、請翻譯下列短語。（1）60 名學(xué)生（2）15 本英語書（3）九杯涼水（4）4 個(gè)孩子（5）12 月 31 （6）6 月 2 日（7）第九周（8）40 年前（9）11+7

11、（10）上學(xué)第一天2、把下列基數(shù)詞改成序數(shù)詞。one- two- three- nine- fourteen- twenty- thirty-five- eighty-one 四、代詞代詞有兩種：人稱代詞和物主代詞。1、人稱代詞分為：第一、第二、第三人稱，且有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。精品文檔精品文檔2、人稱代詞的主格在句中做主語，一般用在動(dòng)詞前（疑問句除外）；賓格在句中做賓語，多用于動(dòng)詞、介詞后。3、形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞的作用，后面一定要跟名詞，表示該名詞是屬于誰的。4、名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。如：this is my bag. = this is mine. that is her

12、ruler. = that is hers. 一般看后面有沒有名詞，如有，就用形容詞性物主代詞；如無，就用名詞性物主代詞。請牢記下表：單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞主格i you he she it we you they 賓格me you him her it us you them 物主代詞形容詞性my your his her its our your their 名詞性mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 練一練：1、按要求寫出相應(yīng)人稱代詞。i（賓格） _ she（形容詞性物主代詞）_ we（名詞性物主代詞）_ he（復(fù)數(shù)） _ us（單數(shù)） _ the

13、irs（主格） _ its（賓格） _ 2、想一想，把下表補(bǔ)充完整。人稱代詞物主代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格形容詞性名詞性形容詞性名詞性第一人稱me us our 第二人稱you you 第三人稱he them his their her it its 3、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1）that is not _ kite. that kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( i ) 2）the dress is _. give it to _. ( she ) 精品文檔精品文檔3）is this _ watch? ( you ) no, its

14、not _ . ( i ) 4）_ is my brother. _ name is jack. look! those stamps are _. ( he ) 5）_ dresses are red. ( we ) what colour are _? ( you ) 6）show _ your kite, ok? ( they ) 7）i have a beautiful cat. _name is mimi. these cakes are _. ( it ) 8）are these _ tickets? no, _ are not _. _ aren t here. ( they )

15、 9）shall _ have a look at that classroom? that is _ classroom. ( we ) 10）_ is my aunt. do you know _ job? _is a nurse. ( she ) 11）where are _? i can t find _. let s call _ parents. ( they ) 12）don t touch _. _is not a cat, _ is a tiger! ( it )13）_ sister is ill. please go and see _. ( she ) 14）the g

16、irl behind _ is our friend. ( she ) 五、形容詞、副詞1、形容詞表示某一事物或人的特征，副詞表示某一動(dòng)作的特征。形容詞和副詞有三種形式：原形、比較級、最高級。比較級：+er 最高級： the +est兩個(gè)重要特征：asas中間一定用原形，than 的前面一定要 +er。2、形容詞、副詞比較級的規(guī)則變化如下：（1）一般直接 +er。如： tall - taller, fast - faster 單音節(jié)詞如果以-e 結(jié)尾，只加 -r。如： late - later （2）重讀閉音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，須雙寫這個(gè)字母，再加-er。如： big - bigger

17、, fat - fatter （3）以輔音字母加-y 結(jié)尾的詞，變y 為 i，再加 -er。如： heavy - heavier, early - earlier （4）雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞的比較級應(yīng)在原級前加more 構(gòu)成。如： beautiful - more beautiful, careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting （5）有些不規(guī)則變化的，須逐一加以記憶。如：good/well better, bad/ill worse, many/much more, far fart

18、her/further, old older/elder練一練：1、寫出下列形容詞、副詞的比較級。big good long tall old short thin heavy young fat 精品文檔精品文檔light strong high far low early late well fast slow 2、用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1) i can swim as _ ( fast ) as the fish, i think. 2) look! his hands are _ ( big ) than mine. 3) i think you do these thing

19、s_ ( well ) than your classmates. 4) whose bag is _ ( heavy ), yours or mine? 5) does jim run as _（slow ) as david? yes, but mike runs_ ( slow ) than them. 6) you have seven books, but i have _ ( many ) than you. i ha ve ten. 7) i jump _ ( far ) than some of the boys in my class. 8) i m very_ ( thin

20、 ), but shes _ ( thin ) than me. 9) it gets _and_ ( warm ) when spring comes here. 六、介詞1、一種虛詞。不能單獨(dú)作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的賓語一起構(gòu)成介詞短語，才能在句子中起作用。有： in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of, from to , at the back of2、表示時(shí)間的介詞有：at, on, in。 （1）at 表示 “ 在某一

21、個(gè)具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)上” ，或用在固定詞組中。如：at ten o clock, at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend（2）on 表示 “ 在某日或某日的時(shí)間段” 。如：on friday, on the first of october, on monday morning（3）in 表示 “ 在某一段時(shí)間 （月份、 季節(jié)） 里” 。如：in the afternoon, in september, in summer, in 20053、in 一詞還有其他的固定搭配，如：in blue（穿著藍(lán)色的衣服） ，in english（用英語表達(dá)） ，take p

22、art in（參加） 。練一練：1、選用括號內(nèi)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1) what s this _ ( at, on, in ) english? 精品文檔精品文檔2) christmas is _ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of december. 3) the man_ ( with, on, in ) black is su hai s father.4) he doesn t do well _ ( at, on, in ) pe. 5) look at those birds _ ( on, in ) the tree. 6) we are going to mee

23、t _ ( at, on, in ) the bus stop _ ( at, on, in ) half past ten. 7) is there a cat _ ( under, behind, in ) the door? 8) helen s writing paper is _ ( in, in front of ) her computer. 9) we live _ ( at, on, in ) a new house now. 10) does it often rain _ ( at, on, in ) spring there? 2、圈出下列句子中運(yùn)用不恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，并將正

24、確的答案寫在橫線上。1) jim is good in english and maths. 2) the films were in the ground just now. 3) they are talking to their plans. 4) how many students have their birthdays on may? 5) women s day is at the third of march.6) i can jog to school on the morning. 7) did you water trees at the farm? 8) can you

25、 come and help me on my english? 9) i usually take photos in sunday morning. 10) what did you do on the spring festival? 七、動(dòng)詞這里所說的動(dòng)詞是指各種動(dòng)詞總稱，其中包括be 動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、行為動(dòng)詞（就是我們平時(shí)總說的那種動(dòng)詞） 。動(dòng)詞、名詞和形容詞不太容易區(qū)分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：先用 “ 一（量詞） ” （如：一個(gè)、一張等） 和這個(gè)詞連起來說，如說得通， 一般認(rèn)為是名詞；說不通再用 “ 很”去判斷， 就是把 “ 很” 和為個(gè)詞連起來說，說得通一般就是形

26、容詞；都說不通就是動(dòng)詞。 （目前我們學(xué)過的，以后可能不同） （另外一些很明顯的，如人稱代詞、數(shù)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等一下就可以知道）1、be 動(dòng)詞（am, is, are, was, were ）1）amwas, is was, are-were 口訣：我用am, 你用 are, is 用在他她它，所有復(fù)數(shù)全用are。2）肯定和否定句i am (not) from london. he is(not) a teacher. she is(not) in the dining room. my hair is(not) long. her eyes are(not) small. 3）一般疑問句am i

27、 a chinese? yes, you are. no, you aren t. are they american? yes, they are. no, they aren t. 精品文檔精品文檔is the cat fat? yes, it is. no, it isn t. 4）be 動(dòng)詞的否定形式：am not（沒有縮寫形式） ，are not = aren t ， is not = isn t 。用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動(dòng)詞填空。練一練：1、用 be 動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1）i _ a boy. _ you a boy? no, i _ not. 2）the girl_ jacks sist

28、er. 3）the dog _ tall and fat. 4）the man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5）_ your brother in the classroom? 6）how _ your father? 7）mike and liu tao _ at school. 8）whose dress _ this? 9）whose socks _ they? 10）who _ i? 11）the jeans _ on the desk. 12）here _ a scarf for you. 13）here _ some sweaters for you. 1

29、4）the black gloves _ for su yang. 15）this pair of gloves _ for yang ling. 16）the two cups of milk _ for me. 17）some tea _ in the glass. 18）gao shans shirt _ over there. 19）my sisters name _nancy. 20）_ david and helen from england? 21）there _ a girl in the room. 22）there _ some apples on the tree. 23

30、）_ there any apple juice in the bottle? 24）there _ some bread on the plate. 25）you, he and i _ from china. 26）there _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park. 2、助動(dòng)詞（do, does, did ）do, does 用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其過去式did 用于一般過去時(shí)。它們通常用在疑問句和否定句中。它們的否定形式： do not = dont, does not = doesnt, did not = didnt

31、。注意：在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，does 用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其余一律用助動(dòng)詞do；助動(dòng)詞 do, does, did 后面一定要用動(dòng)詞原形。練1、用適當(dāng)?shù)闹鷦?dòng)詞填空。1) _you like this magazine? 2) the girl_like bread for breakfast. 3) -what _ she _ at the weekends? -she usually plays games with her friends. 精品文檔精品文檔4) -wha_ you do last sunday? -i wrote to my friend. 5) -did you see a

32、beijing opera? -no, i _. 6) he _not visit a farm last national day holiday. 7) they_ not like playing volleyball. 8) - _jim have a picnic with his family every saturday? -yes, he . 9) _helen and yang ling go to school on foot every day? 10) -how many kites _we have? -we have ten. 2、找出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤，將序號填入題

33、前括號內(nèi)，并改正。( ) 1) did you had a big lunch with your family last spring festival? a b c ( ) 2) -what do the boy have in his pencil-box? -he has a rubber. a b c ( ) 3) they doesn t like the film. a b c ( ) 4) do jim get up at six everyday? a b c ( ) 5) dont giving the ball to liu tao. a b c 3、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也是

34、一類特殊的動(dòng)詞，平時(shí)我們不把它說成是動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以和行為動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)句子中。我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)過的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can、could、shall、should、 will 、would 、 may、 might 、must。注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后動(dòng)詞總是用原形。（不受其他任何條件影響）其否定形式：can not = cant, must not = mustnt, 注意： may not 和 shall not（無縮寫形式）練一練：選擇填空。( ) 1) the sign on the wall means you _stay away from the building. a. must b. c

35、an tc. shouldnt ( ) 2) how many books _ you see on the desk? a. may b. can c. should ( ) 3) it means you _ make noise in the library. a. should b. shouldnt c. can 精品文檔精品文檔( ) 4) - _you like a glass of milk? - yes, please. a. may b. could c. would ( ) 5) - _you see the sign over there? - sorry, i can

36、 t.a. can b. can tc. should ( ) 6) _ we go to the park by bus? a. may b. must c. shall 4、行為動(dòng)詞就是我們平時(shí)上課時(shí)說的動(dòng)詞，表示某一動(dòng)作或行為。如：sweep、live 等。行為動(dòng)詞我們已學(xué)過它們的四種形式：原形、第三人稱單數(shù)+s/es、現(xiàn)在分詞（也叫動(dòng)名詞）+ing、過去式 +ed。（1）動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則：a、一般直接加“ s”，如： play plays, visit visits, speak speaks ；b、以 “ s”，“ x”，“ sh”，“ ch”結(jié)尾時(shí)，加 “ es”，如： c

37、atch catches, watch watches ；c、以 “ 輔音字母 +y” 結(jié)尾時(shí)，變 “ y”為“ i ”再加 “ es”，如： carry carries, study studies 。（2）現(xiàn)在分詞（動(dòng)名詞）構(gòu)成規(guī)則：a、一般直接加“ ing ”，如： go going, do doing, look looking ；b、以不發(fā)音的“ e”結(jié)尾的單詞，去“ e” 加“ ing ”，如： take taking, make making, have having ；c、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，需要雙寫這個(gè)字母再加“ ing ”，如：put puttin

38、g, stop stopping, run running, get getting, swim swimming, sit sitting, begin beginning, jog jogging, forget forgetting 。（3）過去式構(gòu)成規(guī)則：a、一般直接加“ ed”，如： plant planted, visit visited, pick picked ；b、以不發(fā)音字母“ e”結(jié)尾，直接加“ ed”，如： like liked, hope hoped, taste tasted ；c、以 “ 輔音字母 +y” 結(jié)尾時(shí)，變 “ y”為“ i ”再加 “ ed”，如： t

39、ry tried, carry carried, study studied ；d、有些動(dòng)詞要雙寫最后一個(gè)字母，再加“ ed”，如： stop stopped ；e、還有很多動(dòng)詞的過去式是不規(guī)則的，請記憶：是-am(be)-was-being ；是 -are(be)-were-being；是 -be-was, were-being；成為 -become-became-becoming； 開始 -begin-began-beginning ；彎曲 -bend-bent-bending；吹-blow-blew-blowing ；買-buy-bought-buying ；能-can-could- ；

40、捕捉 -catch-caught-catching；選擇 -choose-chose-choosing；來-come-came-coming；切-cut-cut-cutting ； 做-do, does-did-doing ； 畫-draw-drew-drawing ； 飲-drink-drank-drinking ； 吃-eat-ate-eating；感覺 -feel-felt-feeling ；發(fā)現(xiàn) -find-found-finding；飛 -fly-flew-flying；忘記 -forget-forgot-forgetting ；得到 -get-got-getting ；給 -giv

41、e-gave-giving ；走 -go-went-going ；成長 -grow-grew-growing ；精品文檔精品文檔有-have, has-had-having；聽 -hear-heard-hearing；受傷 -hurt-hurt-hurting ；保持 -keep-kept-keeping；知道 -know-knew-knowing ；學(xué)習(xí) -learn-learned, learnt-learning ；允許，讓 -let-let-letting ；躺 -lie-lay-lying ；制造 -make-made-making；可以 -may-might- ；意味 -mean-

42、meant-meaning；會見-meet-met-meeting；必須 -must-must- ；放置 -put-put-putting ；讀 -read-read-reading；騎、乘 -ride-rode-riding ；響、鳴-ring-rang-ringing ；跑-run-ran-running ；說-say-said-saying；看見 -see-saw-seeing；將-shall-should- ；唱歌 -sing-sang-singing；坐下 -sit-sat-sitting ；睡覺 -sleep-slept-sleeping；說 -speak-spoke-speaki

43、ng；度過 -spend-spent-spending 。練一練：1、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)。drink _go _stay _make _look _have _ pass _carry _come _watch _plant _fly _ study _brush _do _teach_ take_ see_ 2、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。put _give _fly _get _dance _sit_ run _ plant _take _swim _ask _stop _take _ write _have _smoke _ think_ want_ tell_ 3、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過

44、去式。isam _fly _plant _are _drink _play _go _ make _does _dance _worry _ask _taste _ eat _draw _put _throw _kick _pass _do _ 4、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。（1） i _to school from monday to friday. my brother often _to school with me. yesterday we _to school together. we like _to school very much. ( go ) （2） they usually

45、 _lunch at home. but last week, they _lunch at school. ( have ) （3） that_my english book. it _new. but now it _not here. it _there a moment ago. ( be ) （4） my sister likes _very much. she often _at our school festival. last term, she _a lot of songs in the school hall. she _beautifully. ( sing ) 精品文

46、檔精品文檔（5） what _ he usually _on sunday? he usually _his homework. look! he _his homework now. _he _his homework last sunday? yes, he_. ( do ) （ 6） do people usually_ moon cakes at mid-autumn festival? yes, they do. did you _moon cakes last mid-autumn festival? yes, i did. i _a lot of delicious moon c

47、akes. ( eat ) 八、there/here be結(jié)構(gòu)1、there be結(jié)構(gòu)表示 “ 某時(shí)、某地存在著什么事物或人” ，包括 there is、there are、there was、there were。here be結(jié)構(gòu)與它類似，用法也完全相同，只不過是表示“ 這里存在著什么事物或人” 。2、和 have、has、had 的區(qū)別：（1） there be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）；而 have、has 、had 表示：某人擁有某物。（2）在 there be 句型中， 主語是單數(shù)， be 動(dòng)詞用 is；主語是復(fù)數(shù)， be 動(dòng)詞用 are；如有幾件物品， be 動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最近b

48、e 動(dòng)詞的那個(gè)名詞決定“ 就近原則 ” 。（3） there be 句型的否定句在be 動(dòng)詞后加not , 一般疑問句把be 動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。（4）there be 句型與 have(has) 的區(qū)別： there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人擁有某物。（5） some和 any 在 there be 句型中的運(yùn)用：some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定句或疑問句。（6） and 和 or 在 there be句型中的運(yùn)用：and 用于肯定句，or 用于否定句或疑問句。（7）針對數(shù)量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：how many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)+ are there

49、 + 介詞短語？how much + 不可數(shù)名詞+ is there + 介詞短語？（8）針對主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：what s + 介詞短語？（9） there be結(jié)構(gòu)一般用在句子的開頭，而have 等詞只能用于某一個(gè)主語后面。練一練：1、用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e 動(dòng)詞填空。1) there _ four seasons in a year. 2) there _not any trees two years ago. 3) - _there a post office near your school? -yes, there _. 精品文檔精品文檔4) -how many stops

50、_there? -there_only one. 5) there _not any stamps on the envelope. 6) _ there any birds in the tree? 7) there_ a shopping centre near our school last year. but now there_ no one. 8) there _only three of us: my dad, my mum and me. 9) here _some bread for you. 10) in new york, there _ a lot of rain in

51、 spring. 2、選用 “ have, has, had, there is, there are, there was, there were”填空。1) i _a good father and a good mother. 2) _ a telescope on the desk. 3) he _a tape-recorder. 4) _a basketball in the playground. 5) they _ a nice garden. 6) my father _ a story-book last year. 7) _a reading-room in the bui

52、lding? 8) what does mike _? 9) _any books in the bookcase? 10) how many students _in the classroom? 11) _a story-book on the table a moment ago. 12) what do you _? 13) my parents _ some nice pictures. 14) _ some maps on the wall. 15) _ a map of the world on the wall. 16) david s friends _ some tents

53、. 17) _ many children on the hill. 九、some ，any的用法some 用于肯定句； any 用于否定句和一般疑問句。請注意看例句后擴(kuò)號中說明的用法。例： there is some water in the glass. （肯定句）there are some flowers in the garden. （肯定句）there aren t any lamps in the study.（否定句）are there any maps on the wall?（一般疑問句）would you like some orange juice? （希望得到肯定回答

54、）精品文檔精品文檔do you want to take any photos at the party? （一般疑問句）練一練：選用 some 或 any 填空。1) there isnt _milk in the fridge. 2) i can see_cars, but i can t see_buses.3) he has _ friends in england. 4) were there _fruit trees on the farm? 5) here are _presents for you. 6) does tom want to take _ photos? 7) i

55、s there_rice in the kitchen? 8) there are_new buildings in our school. 9)-would you like_ cakes? - no, i d not like_cakes, but i d like _coffee. 10) -are there_pictures on the wall? - no, there arent _pictures. 十、動(dòng)詞不定式1、to 加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成一種非謂語形式，在這里不是介詞，無詞義。如： i want to make a new year card. 我想制作一張新年賀卡。woul

56、d you like to have a picnic with us? 你愿意和我們一起去野餐嗎？2、to 保留原來動(dòng)詞的一些特征，它可以帶自己的賓語和狀語等。如： to get there faster, you can take bus no.5. 想快一點(diǎn)到那兒，你可以坐5 路車。3、to 前有時(shí)帶疑問詞what, when, where, which, why, how等。如： he s asking yang ling how to get there.他正在問楊玲怎樣到達(dá)那里。總而言之，一定要記?。簍o 后面用動(dòng)詞原形。練一練：1、用擴(kuò)號中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1) peopl

57、e would like _( go ) to farms in the countryside. 2) it s time _ ( have ) lunch 3) i want _ ( buy ) some presents for my friends. 4) the thief began _ ( run ). 5) please shouw me how_ ( go ) to the shopping centre. 6) would you like _ ( join ) us? 7) don t forget_ ( write ) “ happy new year” . 8) sh

58、e was very glad_ ( see ) them. 9) please remember_ ( close ) the windows before you go home. 10) i m sorry_ ( hear ) that. 精品文檔精品文檔2、圈出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤，并改正。1) would you like go camping with us? 2) helen, show ux how drawing a square. 3) i want to writes a letter to my penfriend. 4) it s time for us go to sc

59、hool.5) liu tao wants to showing peter s photos to his mum.十一、動(dòng)名詞其實(shí)就是動(dòng)詞的“ 現(xiàn)在分詞 ” 。它既有 “ 名詞性質(zhì) ” （可作主語） ，又具有動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)（可帶賓語）。如： please keep quiet in the reading room. 還有我們的一些課題：asking the way 中是 “ 名詞性質(zhì) ” ；my hobby is collecting stamps. 中是 “ 動(dòng)詞性質(zhì) ” ，帶了賓語stamps. 1、remember（記?。┖竺娓鷦?dòng)名詞，表示“ 記得做過某事 ” ；跟 to+動(dòng)詞原形，表示

60、“ 記得要去做某事” 。如：i remember posting the letter today. 我記得今天把信寄走了。please remember to post the letter today. 請記住今天要把信寄走。2、forget（忘記）后面跟動(dòng)名詞，表示“ 忘記做過某事（實(shí)際做過）” ；跟 to+動(dòng)詞原形，表示“ 忘記去做某事（實(shí)際沒做）” 。如：i forget doing homework this morning. 我忘記今天早上做過作業(yè)了。i forget to do homework this morning. 我忘記今天早上做作業(yè)了。3、stop（停止）后面跟動(dòng)名