高考英語專題復習課件：完形填空(公開課)

1、高考完型填空專題講座 技巧點撥為什么我們在這一題型上總是失分較多?1.1.沒有嚴格遵循答題步驟沒有嚴格遵循答題步驟: : 多數(shù)同學考試時擔心時間緊多數(shù)同學考試時擔心時間緊, ,在沒有弄清在沒有弄清短文的中心和文章的情節(jié)線索的情況下匆忙答題短文的中心和文章的情節(jié)線索的情況下匆忙答題. .事實上我們用在這一題上的時間可以達到事實上我們用在這一題上的時間可以達到15-1815-18分分鐘鐘. . 切記切記: :一定要用一定要用2-32-3分鐘時間進行缺詞閱讀分鐘時間進行缺詞閱讀, ,弄清弄清文章大意和基本脈絡后再著手逐個填空文章大意和基本脈絡后再著手逐個填空. .2. 2. 不注意積累答題技巧不注意

2、積累答題技巧: : a. a. 忽略文章中上下文之間的照應關系忽略文章中上下文之間的照應關系; ; b. b. 遇到長句不注意分析句子結構遇到長句不注意分析句子結構, ,在語義模糊在語義模糊時抱碰運氣的心理隨意作出選擇時抱碰運氣的心理隨意作出選擇. .模棱兩可處和看不懂，該怎么辦？ 似懂非懂，找尋答案就如大海掏針 從頭到尾充滿了暗示 猜也要猜得有理有據(jù) 命題是藝術，解題就是技術；命題是設計陷阱，技巧就是識破陷阱不看文章和題干，讓你輕松選答案(民間藥方）（2010遼寧卷） 36 A worried B sad C surprised D nervous 52 A Largely B Genera

3、lly C Gradually D Probably 47 As I found out , there is _46,often no perfect equivalence( ) between two _47 in two languages. My aunt even goes so far as to _48 that a Chinese equivalent can never give you the _49 meaning of a word in English! 47 A words B srill C ideas D characters詞匯題詞匯題高考完形高考完形 填空

4、考什么？填空考什么？篇章結構篇章結構 句際關系句際關系1. 1.題材常為說明文或題材常為說明文或夾敘夾議的文章夾敘夾議的文章. .2.2.內(nèi)容完整內(nèi)容完整, ,邏輯性強邏輯性強, ,語言結構嚴謹語言結構嚴謹. .3.3.考察近義詞語細微差別的辨析考察近義詞語細微差別的辨析. .4.4.考察重點多為實詞考察重點多為實詞: :名名/ /代代/ /動詞動詞/ /形容形容/ /副副詞等詞等. .5.5.關注語境背景知識關注語境背景知識, ,側重上下關聯(lián)側重上下關聯(lián), ,暗示暗示判斷能力判斷能力. .6.6.側重于篇章側重于篇章, ,體現(xiàn)語用判斷和內(nèi)在邏輯體現(xiàn)語用判斷和內(nèi)在邏輯. .完型填空特點完型填空

5、特點: : 考綱解讀考綱解讀 完形填空是一種綜合測試，涉及的知識面很廣，是用來測完形填空是一種綜合測試，涉及的知識面很廣，是用來測試考生的閱讀理解能力和綜合應用語言的能力。具體表現(xiàn)在以試考生的閱讀理解能力和綜合應用語言的能力。具體表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：下幾個方面：(1)詞語辨析能力詞語辨析能力(2)語法結構分析能力語法結構分析能力(3)語篇理解能力語篇理解能力(4)邏輯推理能力邏輯推理能力(5)文化背景透析能力文化背景透析能力(6)作者意圖剖析能力作者意圖剖析能力(7)生活常識綜合運用能力生活常識綜合運用能力解題方法：解題方法：(科學藥方科學藥方)總的原則總的原則: : “先完意，后完形先完意，

6、后完形”。八字方針：八字方針：上下求索，瞻前顧后。上下求索，瞻前顧后。三步曲：三步曲：讀讀填填讀讀 三步答題三步答題Step1Skip(跳讀跳讀) the passage to get the general idea and pay attention to the first sentence.In the cloze test, there is no blank in the first sentence ( (首句首句) ). . It helps us to know the topic of the whole passage. .( (完形填空首句不挖空，幫助進入語境）完形填空

7、首句不挖空，幫助進入語境）Step2 Reread and choose the best answer for each blank by using some methods.(在把握語篇大意的基礎上，借助于一些恰當在把握語篇大意的基礎上，借助于一些恰當?shù)姆椒ㄟx擇最佳答案的方法選擇最佳答案)Four methods(四種常用的方法四種常用的方法)：1、context (上下文語境上下文語境)2、word distinctions or collocations (詞語辨析和固定搭配詞語辨析和固定搭配)3、information given in the passage (利用文章中的信息利

8、用文章中的信息-原詞復現(xiàn)、近義詞和原詞復現(xiàn)、近義詞和反義詞等反義詞等)4、cultural background and common sense (文化背景和常識文化背景和常識)Step3 Read the passage again and check the answers.（將所選定的詞放到文章中復讀檢查）（將所選定的詞放到文章中復讀檢查） Tips:1. the tense and the voice，the accord between subject and predicate (時態(tài)語態(tài)，主謂語在上下文的中是否一致時態(tài)語態(tài)，主謂語在上下文的中是否一致)2. grammar an

9、d collocations (語法和習慣用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致語法和習慣用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致)3. the connection between sentences and paragraphs (段與段，句與句之間的銜接是否連貫段與段，句與句之間的銜接是否連貫)4. the meaning of the whole passage (整體上檢查結構、語義及邏輯是否一致，上下整體上檢查結構、語義及邏輯是否一致，上下文的銜接是否合理文的銜接是否合理)完形填空完形填空 九大解題技巧九大解題技巧 I did very badly at school. My headmaster th

10、ought I was 36 and when I was 14, he said, “Youre never going to be 37(anything) but a failure. ” 36.A. bright B. useless C. simple D. hopeful2. 根據(jù)上下文語境，合理推斷來解題根據(jù)上下文語境，合理推斷來解題Our father was a struggling 36(lawyer) , but I always knew he was 37 . He never criticized us, but used 38 to bring out our b

11、est. 37. A. strict B. honest C. special D. learned 38. A. help B. peace C. smile D. praisePractice His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although his family often 43 about that, Ed refused to buy a 44 T-shirt or to lose weight. 43. A. cared B. forgot C. quarreled

12、 D. joked 44. A. clean B. straight C. larger D. darker常見的標志性的詞語有以下幾種常見的標志性的詞語有以下幾種:結構層次結構層次:firstly, secondly, thirdly；邏輯關系：邏輯關系：thus, therefore, so；遞進關系：遞進關系：besides, whats more, further;轉折關系：轉折關系：but, while, however等。等。3. 利用語篇的標志性的詞語解題利用語篇的標志性的詞語解題She told the front-desk clerk she had had a(n) _1_

13、vacation, but was heart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed. 1.A. disappointing B. wonderful C. uncomfortable D. important_and the officers then began to eat their meal , saying that the mushrooms had a very strange_37_quite pleasant taste. 37. A. besides

14、B. but C. and D. or 4. 根據(jù)邏輯推理解題根據(jù)邏輯推理解題 Students generally appreciate these special 50 opportunities. They are almostalways fun and interesting, and professors 51 them too because students learn somuch in just a few short months. 50. A. working B. living C. teaching D. learning 51. A. hold B. like C

15、. dislike D. discoverPracticeThe amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. 36(Owning) springs and streams sometimes means control , particularly in the 37 areas like the desert. Adry Bdistant Cdeserted Dwild 5. 根據(jù)常識和文化背景的角度來選擇根據(jù)常識和文化背景的角度來選擇I went into a caf and asked fo

16、r a coffee. 21 I was waiting for my drink, I realized that there were other people in the place , but I sensed 22 (loneliness). ABefore BSince CAlthough DWhile6.從語法角度來解題從語法角度來解題1) He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming_1_.So he shouldnt have gone into that place. 1.A.after all B.in all C.

17、at all D. for all2) So I tried hard with my writing and went to college . My first novel 45 while I was at college. 45. A. came on B. came in C. came out D. came back7.從詞匯辨析和固定搭配方面來解題從詞匯辨析和固定搭配方面來解題8.利用詞匯的復現(xiàn)解題利用詞匯的復現(xiàn)解題How does a tooth go bad? The 51 begins in a little crack in the enamel (琺瑯）琺瑯）cove

18、ring of the tooth. This happens after germs and bits of food have collected there. Then the decay slowly spreads inside the tooth. In the end, poison goes into blood, and we may feel quite ill. 51. A. destruction B. decay C. fault D. hurt上文中講蛀牙如何產(chǎn)生。上文中講蛀牙如何產(chǎn)生。 空空51和紅體單詞在和紅體單詞在意義上是一致的，意義上是一致的， 屬于屬于同義

19、詞復現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象同義詞復現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象。.I raised the pistol and fired. The animal fell backwards with an angry cry. Father took the _38_ smoking pistol from my hand , and fired another shot, which killed the gorilla.38. A. still B. yet C. even D. already9.利用語氣副詞的情景解題利用語氣副詞的情景解題summary研究首尾找主題上下聯(lián)系尋信息左顧右盼找搭配思前想后覓邏輯語境分析辨詞義集中精力破難

20、題回讀檢查補漏洞完形填空之完形填空之 實戰(zhàn)訓練實戰(zhàn)訓練 （08江西）江西） The three youths leaned over the metal rails along the sea-wall and watched a few fishermen pull in their nets. About thirty metres away, a boat pulled alongside the slippery steps leading 36 to the sea. “Hey, look!” exclaimed Rahim. “Those two men are 37 heavy

21、rocks. I thought we no longer do muscle labour in this technological 38 . ”“you dont 39 a crane (起重起重機機)to unload less than a dozen rocks, do you?”smiled Joshua. “But those men dont 40 to have muscles at all,”said Michael,rather surprised .Joshua smiled. “They are 41 laborers who know how to spread

22、the weight of the rocks they 42 . See how the man positions the rock just at the slope of his 43 . 36. A. through B. across C. down D. up37.A.loading B.unloading C.covering D.uncovering 38. A. way B. revolution C. process D. era39. A. ask B. expect C. attempt D. hope40. A. happen B. fail C. have D.

23、seem41. A.ambitious B. experienced C. potential D.energetic 42. A. take B. fetch C. carry D. bring43. A. shoulder B. back C. chest D. arms原詞重現(xiàn)原詞重現(xiàn)語境語境理解理解詞義詞義用法用法排除法排除法語境語境-詞義詞義詞義辨析詞義辨析常識常識 Some of the rocks weight is set 44 his head, some on the right hand and some on the left hand. His body isnt b

24、ent. His legs are well 45 . ” “Youre right, Josh. He may have a small build. 46 he certainly well knows his job. Dear me! And to think we have been studying 47 ! ” Rahim thought about all that was happening. Suddenly, he said, “Technology wont 48 the human being completely, it appears.” “I dont thin

25、k it will. ” 49 Joshua. “You can harvest a crop of potatoes or wheat with one of those large, multi-purpose tractors, but you 50 use that equipment to harvest lea leaves and tomatoes, will you?” 44.A. on B. against C.toward D. under 45.A.supported B.grasped C. placed D.strengthened 46.A. but B. howe

26、ver C. so D. therefore 47.A.chemistry B. physics C. biology D. psychology 48.A. control B.affect C.remove D. replace49.A. agreed B. proposed C. refused D. denied50.A. cant B. mustnt C. wont D. neednt常識常識 詞義詞義詞義辨析詞義辨析轉折關系轉折關系語境理解語境理解詞義詞義語境語境語境語境原詞重現(xiàn)原詞重現(xiàn) “You can get a computer to 51 multiple-choice a

27、ssessments, but you cannot get the computer to produce of assess essays, can you?” asked Michael. “Well, the washing machine leaves my shirt collar quite as 52 as ever - thats domestic technology for you! ” said Rahim. “One day, perhaps, there wont be anybody 53 who can carry a large rock the way th

28、ose men do. Its not going to be a very 54 world, Im afraid.” Sighed Michael. “Youre too much of a pessimist (悲觀主義者悲觀主義者)，Mike.” Said Joshua. “ 55 will always be other things that will make the world exciting. ” 51. A. point out B. take out C. hand out D. print out 52. A. dirty B. clean C.old D. new

29、53. A. caught B. arranged C. left D. convinced 54.A. exciting B. mysterious C. technological D. modern 55.A. That B. This C. They D.There常識常識常識常識-語境語境詞義詞義- -句型句型原原詞詞重重現(xiàn)現(xiàn)固定句型固定句型 Are dreams of any use tothe dreamer or to anybody else? We may remember the traveler who _1_ the ship Waratah at Durbanbec

30、ause of his terrible_2_. The Waratah laterdisappeared entirely, witheveryone on _3_. Thetravelers dreams helped him and saved him from _4_, but they didnthelp the other people. Whywas this man treated_5_ from everyone else? 1. A. leftB. got C. droveD. enter 2. A. ideas B. suggestions C. dreamsD. wor

31、ds 3. A. boardB. ship C. seaD. deck 4. A. lifeB. death C. illnessD. disease 5. A. similarly B. differently C. strangely D. unfortunatelyleftboarddeathdifferentlydreams Another man _6_ hada dream about the BlackForest in Germany. In hisdream he was walking inthe forest _7_ two menran out and tried to

32、 throwhim to the _8_. He ranoff as fast as he could, butthey followed. He reacheda place _9_ he saw two_10_ roads in front ofhim, one to the right andthe other to the left. Whichroad ought he to _11_ ? 6. A. aloneB. once C. stillD. even 7. A. whileB. as C. beforeD. when 8. A. floorB. earth C. soilD.

33、 ground 9. A. whichB. that C. whereD. who10. A. sameB. separate C. dividedD. crossed11. A. takeB. bring C. carryD. go句型下文有暗示賓語separatewheregroundwhenoncetakeProblem solving strategies上下文語境上下文語境（context)常識背景常識背景（common sense）習慣搭配習慣搭配（phrases & idioms）詞義辨析詞義辨析 （comparison）語法分析語法分析（grammar analysis)邏輯分析邏輯分析 (logical analysis )排除法排除法 （exclusive method ）靈