小學英語語法及習題--四大基本時態(tài)(1)6頁

1、小學英語語法及習題-四大基本時態(tài)一、一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時基本用法介紹 【No. 1】一般現(xiàn)在時的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍色的。2.表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六點起床。3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成1. be動詞：主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一個男孩。2.行為動詞：主語+行為動詞(+其它)。如：We study English.我們學習英語。當主語為第三人

2、稱單數(shù)(he, she,it)時，要在動詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。一般現(xiàn)在時的變化1. be動詞的變化。否定句：主語+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑問句：Be +主語+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：Where is my bike?2.行為動詞的變化。否定句：主語+ don't( doesn't ) +動詞原形

3、(+其它)。如：I don't like bread.當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如：He doesn't often play.一般疑問句：Do( Does ) +主語+動詞原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如：- Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：How

4、does your father go to work?動詞+s的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies一般現(xiàn)在時用法專練:一、 寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù) drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_     carry _come_&

5、#160;     watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_ do_     teach_二、用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?6. What _t

6、hey often _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _(like) cooking.12. They _(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _(look) after her ba

7、by carefully.14. You always _(do) your homework well.15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE.18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.20.     What d

8、ay _(be) it today? Its Saturday.三、按照要求改寫句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改為否定句)_2. I do my homework every day.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答)_3. She likes milk.(改為一般疑問句，作肯定回答)_ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答)_5. We go to school every morning.(改為否定句)_6. He speaks English very well.(改為否定句)_7.

9、 I like taking photos in the park.(對劃線部分提問)_8. John comes from Canada.(對劃線部分提問)_9. She is always a good student.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答)_10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改為否定句)_四、改錯(劃出錯誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上)1. Is     your brother speak English?       &#

10、160; _2. Does he likes going fishing?             _3. He likes play games after class.         _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English.            

11、0;   _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _二、現(xiàn)在進行時1現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，也可表示當前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。2現(xiàn)在進行時的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為: 主語+be+動詞ing.3現(xiàn)在進行時的否定句在be后加not。4現(xiàn)在進行時的一般疑問句把be動詞調(diào)到句首。5現(xiàn)在進行時的特殊疑問的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞 + be + 主語 + 動詞ing?      但疑問詞當主語時其結(jié)構(gòu)為：      

12、; 疑問詞 + be + 動詞ing?動詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3如果末尾是一個元音字母和一個輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping現(xiàn)在進行時專項練習：一、寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play_ run_ swim _make_go_ like_     write_ _ski_ read_ have_ sing    

13、 _ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _     get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food     now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look

14、 . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.     9. Its     5     oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen

15、_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. They are doing housework .(分別改成一般疑問句和否定句)_2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答)_3Im playing the football in the playground .(對劃線部分進行提問)_4Tom is reading books in his study . (對劃線部分進行提問)_三、將來時一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。句中一般有以下時間狀語：t

16、omorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be going to + do；will+ do. 三、否定句：在be動詞（am, is, are）后加not或情態(tài)動詞will后加not成wont。例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑問句： be或will提到句首，some改為any, and改為or，第一二人稱互換。例如：We a

17、re going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?五、對劃線部分提問。一般情況，一般將來時的對劃線部分有三種情況。1.問人。Who 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon.2.問干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this   afternoon. What is your fathe

18、r going to do with you this afternoon.3.問什么時候。When.例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going    to bed?六、同義句：be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 練習：一.填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a

19、picnic with my friends.2.下個星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball.What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball.3.你媽媽這個周末去購物嗎？是，她要去買一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4.你們打算什么時候見面。What time _ you _ _ meet?二.改句子。5.Nancy is g

20、oing to go camping.（改否定）Nancy _ going to go camping.6.           Ill go and join them.（改否定）I _ go _ join them.7.Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑問句）_ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?8.We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑問句）_ _ meet at t

21、he bus stop at 10:30.9. She is going to listen to music after school.（對劃線部分提問）_ _ she _ _ _ after school?10.My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)_ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.四一般過去時1一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。一般過去時也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作感謝。 2Be

22、動詞在一般過去時中的變化： am 和is在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasnt） are在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=werent） 帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。 3句中沒有be動詞的一般過去時的句子 否定句：didnt +動詞原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑問句：在句首加did，句子中的動詞過去式變回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+did+主語

23、+動詞原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday? 疑問詞當主語時：疑問詞+動詞過去式？如：Who went to home yesterday? 動詞過去式變化規(guī)則： 1一般在動詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2結(jié)尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted 3末尾只有一個元音字母和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied 5不規(guī)則動詞過去式： am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see

24、-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 過去時練習：寫出下列動詞的過去式 isam_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_ play_ go_ ma

25、ke _ does_ dance_ worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ draw_ put _ throw_ kick_ pass_ do _ Be動詞的過去時練習一、用be動詞的適當形式填空。 1. I _ an English teacher now.2. She _ happy yesterday. 3. They _ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends. 5. The little dog _ two years old this year. 6. Look, there

26、 _ lots of grapes here. 7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday.8. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited. 二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 1. There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 行為動詞的過去時練習 一、用be動詞的適當形式填空。 1. I _ (wat

27、ch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go) 4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _. 6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I _ (sweep) th

28、e floor yesterday, but my mother _. 8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly. 二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 1. They played football in the playground. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 綜合練習一、用動詞的適當形式填空1. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday. 2. We all _ (have) a good time last night. 3. He _