高中英語語法倒裝句

1、.實(shí)用文檔 .倒裝句英語句子的主語通常位于謂語動詞之前，這種語序被稱為正常語序。但有時出于強(qiáng)調(diào)或某種特殊的語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，需要將謂語動詞放在主語之前，這種語序那么叫倒裝語序。按倒裝的形式，倒裝可分為兩類，一是完全倒裝，二是局部倒裝。完全倒裝是指全部謂語放在主語之前，局部倒裝是指只把助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或be 動詞放在主語之前，謂語的主體局部仍在主語之后。一、完全倒裝1. 用于there be 句型。例： there are many students in the classroom. 原句自然順序是：many students are there in the classroom. 2. 表示地

2、點(diǎn)的here和 there 位于句首時， 其后用完全倒裝形式。這類倒裝句的謂語通常是動詞be 和 come, go 等表示移動或動態(tài)的不及物動詞，以及 stand, lie, live 等表示狀態(tài)的動詞 (表示存在 )。例： here comes the bus. 公共汽車來了。there goes the last train. 最后一班火車開走了。there stood a desk against the wall. 靠墻放著一張書桌。注意：假設(shè)主語為人稱代詞，那么不倒裝。如：here you are. 這就是你要的東西。 給你。here it comes. 它來了。3. 表示方向的副詞

3、away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首時，其后用完全倒裝語序。這類倒裝句的謂語通常表示動態(tài)的不及物動詞。out rushed the puppy. 小狗沖了出去。away went the girl. 那個女孩走遠(yuǎn)了。down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，傘都撐起來了。注：假設(shè)主語為人稱代詞，那么不能用倒裝。如：in he comes. 他走了進(jìn)來。down it came. 它掉了下來。4. 表示時間或順序的副詞now, then 等位于句首時，其后用完全倒裝語序。這類倒裝句

4、的謂語通常表示動態(tài)的不及物動詞。如：now comes your turn. 現(xiàn)在輪到你了。then came a new difficulty. 這時又產(chǎn)生了一個新的困難。5. 當(dāng)句首狀語是表示地點(diǎn)的介詞詞組時，也常引起全部倒裝。.實(shí)用文檔 .south of the city lies the factory. 工廠位于城市南部。from the valley came a frightening sound. 一個令人害怕的聲音從村子里傳了出來。under the tree stands a little boy. 一個小男孩站在樹下。6. 表語置于句首時，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)采用“ 表語連系動詞主

5、語的結(jié)構(gòu)1)形容詞連系動詞主語present at the meeting were professor white, professor smith and many other guests. 出席本次會議的有懷特教授、史密斯教授和其他各位嘉賓。2) 分詞連系動詞主語gone are the days when they could do what they liked. 他們想做什么就做什么的日子過去了。attending the meeting was mr. black. 布萊克先生出席了本次會議。3) 介詞連系動詞主語among the goods are christmas tr

6、ees, flowers, candles and toys. 商品中有圣誕樹、花、蠟燭和玩具。among them was my friend jim. 他們當(dāng)中就有我的朋友吉姆。注：在表語置于句首的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，要注意其中的謂語應(yīng)與其后的主語保持一致，而不是與位于句首的表語保持一致。in the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只貓。in the box were two cats. 箱子里是兩只貓。7. 使用完全倒裝以保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，或為了強(qiáng)調(diào)表語或狀語，或為了使上下文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。they arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat

7、a small boy. 強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms. 保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡8. 在直接引語全部或局部置于句首時，引用動詞和它的主語名詞往往要倒裝。主語是代詞時一般不倒裝。“ you ve made great progress this term.said the teacher. “ tom ,said his father, “ you shouldn t make friends with such boys!“

8、let s go, said the man / he said. 二、局部倒裝1. 用于疑問句。例： do you speak english? 2. 當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were, should, had 時，可省略if ， 并將were, should, .實(shí)用文檔 .had置于句首。例： had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination. had it rained yesterday, the crops would have been saved. were it to rain tomo

9、rrow, the crops would be saved. should it rain tomorrow, the crops would be saved. 注： 假設(shè)條件從句為否認(rèn)句，否認(rèn)詞 not 應(yīng)置于主語之后， 而不能與were, should, had 等縮略成 weren t, shouldnt, hadn t而置于句首。如：were it not for your help, i wouldnt be doing so well. 假設(shè)不是你幫助，我現(xiàn)在不會干得這樣好。3. 用于 “ 形容詞 (或名詞、動詞、副詞) as (though) 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。例： pre

10、tty as she is, she is not clever. 盡管她很漂亮，但她不聰明。try as he would, he might fail again. 無論他嘗試了多少次，總會失敗。child as he is, he knows a lot. 盡管他是一個孩子，他卻知道很多知識。 要特別注意位于句首的名詞前習(xí)慣上不用冠詞，即使其前有形容詞修飾也不用冠詞much as i have travelled, i have never seen such a beautiful place. 我旅游那么屢次， 卻從未見過如此美麗的地方。successful as he is, he

11、 is not proud. 他雖然成功，但不驕傲。much as i like you, i couldn t live with you.我盡管很喜歡你, 卻不能和你在一起生活。fast as you read, you can t finish the book in two days.盡管你讀得很快，你總不能在兩天之內(nèi)就讀完這本書。4. 用于 no sooner than / hardly when / scarcelywhen 和 not until 的句型中。no sooner had she gone out than the class began. 她剛走出去課就開始了。no

12、 sooner had i got into the house than the phone rang. 我剛進(jìn)屋，鈴就響了。hardly had they reached edinburgh when they were ordered to return to london. 他們剛到達(dá)愛丁堡就被命令返回倫敦。not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. 直到老師回來他才完成了作業(yè)。not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 直到孩子睡著了母親

13、才離開房間。 5. 當(dāng) never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, little, at no time, in no case, by no means, on no condition, on no accounts, under no circumstances, not only, barely, rarely, little, not a bit等含有否認(rèn)意義的副詞假設(shè)位于句首，那么其后要用局部倒裝。例： never shall i do this again. 我再也不會這么做了。.實(shí)用文檔 .at no time can you say “ no to th

14、e order. 你絕不可以對任何命令說“ 不。seldom does he read in his free hours. 他空余時間很少看書。by no means should he be left alone. 絕不能把他單獨(dú)留下。hardly could the old man stand on his feet in the strong wind. 老人在這陣狂風(fēng)中幾乎站不住了。never will you achieve anything if you spend your time that way. 你假設(shè)總是這樣消磨時間，就永遠(yuǎn)不會有所成就。not only did he

15、 speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不僅他講得更正確，也講得更不費(fèi)力了。in no case should you give up. 你絕不能放棄。on no accounts can my name be mentioned to anyone. 我的名字是絕不能向任何人提起的。little did they know they were to be reunited ten years later. 他們簡直想不到10 年后竟又能團(tuán)聚。nowhere is drug abuse more of a problem than in

16、 the us. 沒有什么地方吸毒問題比美國更嚴(yán)重。注： in no time ( 立即，馬上 )位于句首時，其后無需用倒裝語序，因為該短語并不表示否認(rèn)意義。須十分注意in no time 和 at no time 的區(qū)別。如： in no time he worked out the problem. 他馬上就算出了那道題。6. 當(dāng)狀語受副詞only 的修飾且置于句首時，其后通常要用局部倒裝的形式。例： only in this way can we live a happy life. 只有這樣，我們才能快樂地生活。only when he returned home did he rea

17、lize what had happened. 當(dāng)他回到家里時，才知道出了什么事。only then did i realize the importance of study. 到那時我才意識到學(xué)習(xí)的重要。only by working hard can you achieve success. 只有努力工作才能成功。only when the class began did he realize he had left the book at home. 上課的時候他才意識到他把書丟在家里了。7. so / neither / nor 表示前面所說的情況也適合于后者時意思為“ 也 ，用 “

18、so / neither / nor+ 助動詞 +主語這樣的倒裝句式(so 用于前后為肯定的情況，neither / nor 用于前后為否認(rèn)的情況)。如：he can sing english songs and so can i. 他會唱英語歌，我也會。he didn t see the film, and neither did i. 他沒有看這部電影，我也沒有看。she is every beautiful and so was her mother when she was young. 她很美，她媽媽年輕時.實(shí)用文檔 .也很美。注：注意該結(jié)構(gòu)與表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或同意的“so+ 主語 +特殊動詞結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別。如：“ it was cold yesterday. “ so it was. “