高考英語(yǔ)(譯林版)一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)：選修8_1_unit_1閱讀理解輕松闖關(guān)_含解析

1、高考英語(yǔ) (譯林版 )一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)1 課時(shí)練 1閱讀理解提速練 閱讀理解a(2018 湖北部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)聯(lián)考)jon hoffman was sitting at a red light when he saw a man run out of a store carrying a plastic donation jar full of cash.dressed in plain clothes，jon hoffman caught the man and pressed him against the hood(引擎蓋 ) of his car. but hoffman had troubl

2、e controlling the thief， and they got into a struggle. “the detective has a military background，and he said he thought the suspect must have a military background，too，because he was able to break away so easily， ” a local police spokesperson said. the detective called out for help as a crowd gathere

3、d. among those watching were harvey and kirby， two day laborers. harvey did what has become common these dayshe took out his phone to shoot the video. “i hate to say it，but i thought that this policeman was doing something stupid， ” harvey said. “but when he asked for help， i thought，well ，there wou

4、ldnt be shooting if i got over there in time. ” harvey jumped into action ，while he was still recording the video. so did kirby. “harvey caught hold of the suspect s arms， while kirby seized his legs ， and they were able to get the suspect to the ground to help detective hoffman put the handcuffs(手銬

5、 ) on， ”said the police spokesperson. the 27-year-old suspect was charged with resisting arrest and other offenses. the charity jar he stole held less than $50. “ive been on the wrong side of the law several times in my life ， ”harvey said. “it feels good to be on the right sid e and do something po

6、sitive.”after the arrest， the three men got to know each other at a local steak househoffman s treat， as a thank you. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ) 】本文是一篇新聞故事，講述了一位偵探在兩位臨時(shí)工的協(xié)助下制服一名嫌疑人的過(guò)程。1what made hoffman call for help when arresting the suspect? a he was not on duty. b he couldnt control the suspect. c he needed witnesse

7、s to support him. d he wanted to push the thief into the car. b解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句可知，hoffman 控制住那個(gè)嫌疑人有困難，并且他們扭打在一起。故選項(xiàng)b 正確。2what can be inferred about harvey?a he was ready to break the law.b he was out of work at that time.c he had a good military background.高考英語(yǔ) (譯林版 )一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)2 d he might have had s

8、ome illegal deeds.d解析：推理判斷題。 根據(jù)第六段中的“i ve been on the wrong side of the law several times in my life ”可知，harvey 曾經(jīng)違反過(guò)法律，所以選項(xiàng)d “ 他可能有過(guò)一些違法行為”是正確的。3what is hoffman s attitude towards harvey and kirby?a grateful.bprejudiced.c skeptical. dadmirable.a解析： 推理判斷題。 根據(jù)最后一段中的“hoffman s treat，as a thank you”可知，

9、 嫌疑人被捕后， hoffman請(qǐng) harvey 和 kirby 吃飯，作為對(duì)他們的感謝。所以選項(xiàng)a 正確。b(2018 湖北八校高三聯(lián)考)we do not usually think about how our language works.talking is such a natural, everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works.when we do study our language, though, we are often surprised that we ar

10、e able to understand our conversations.words can mean so many different things.however, it turns out that the speaking situation helps a lot in making language work. first, the speaking situation helps make words more particular.for example, the word “dog” can describe a dog that a speaker saw in a

11、dream.it c an also be used to discuss a neighbor s dog.no language has a separate word for the idea “dog that i saw yesterday” and another word for the idea “dog that i saw in a dream” this is because the speaking situation makes it clear what speakers mean when they use words.so, when you have a co

12、nversation with your neighbor, the knowledge that you have a dog tells your neighbor what the word “dog” probably means in that situation. the speaking situation also helps make language clearer.for example, the word “ bank ” has two possible meanings.it can mean “ a place where people keep money”，b

13、ut it can also mean “the side of a river ” so the sentence “i went to the bank ” is not clear.it could mean i went to the side of the river or it could mean i went to the place where my money is kept.however, if the speaker is talking about fishing or going to the mountains, others probably know tha

14、t “bank” means “the side of a river” the things that speakers say may not always be clear.sometimes the words are not very particular, but the speaking situation can provide the meaning.other times words may have many meanings.then the speaking situation limits the right meaning.this extra knowledge

15、 from the situation is very important to understand language. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ) 】本文講述了語(yǔ)境對(duì)語(yǔ)言的理解起著很大作用。4the passage is mainly about _a the best time and place to talk to others b how the speaking situation helps language work c what to say in difficult situations d how our language works b解析：主旨大意題。本文講述了語(yǔ)境對(duì)語(yǔ)言的理解起著

16、很大作用，故選b。高考英語(yǔ) (譯林版 )一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)3 5according to the passage, we can safely say that _a the speaking situation does not affect the meaning of wordsb speaking is not very natural for most people c the speaking situation is not important d people often do not consider how talking works d解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ we

17、do not usually think about how our language works.talking is such a natural, everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works.”可知，故選d。6by using the example of the word “dog” ， the writer wants to show that _ a a word may need to be explained in a conversation b a word ma

18、y have different meanings c the speaking situation helps people understand the particular meaning of a word d the meaning of words is not particular c解析： 推理判斷題。 根據(jù)第二段的第一句話(huà)“ first, the speaking situation helps make words more particular. ”和下文的 “ for example” 可知，下文正是用dog一詞舉例來(lái)論證第二段的第一句話(huà)，故選c。7according

19、to the passage, we can know the meaning of the word “bank” by referring to _ a the time and the place where the conversation happens b the occupation of the person who uses the word c earlier or later parts of the conversation d a reliable dictionary c解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段所講，作者用bank 一詞舉例說(shuō)明對(duì)話(huà)中這個(gè)詞之前或之后的部分決定了

20、這個(gè)詞的含義，故選c。c(2018 濟(jì)南模擬 )a european union program is letting blind people experience famous paintings for the first time. it uses three imensional (3d) printing to recreate famous paintings so they can be touched. one painting print ed with the new technology is gustav klimt s “ the kissit is a popul

21、ar attraction at the belvedere museum in vienna, austria. the painting shows a man and a woman standing in a field filled with flowers. they are wearing gold robes and have their arms around each other. the man leans down to kiss the woman. klimt finished the painting in 1908. until now, people who

22、had trouble seeing could not appreciate the artwork. but thanks to the reproduction they can touch the piece and feel the ridges and depressions. andreas reichinger started making 3d versions of artwork in 2010. he said this reproduction was his most difficult project because the couple s robes are

23、so detailed.dominika raditsch is a blind museum visitor. she touched the reproduction. as she moved her hands around it she said, “ exactly, can you see these? there are so many details.” raditsch said she could imagine what the 高考英語(yǔ) (譯林版 )一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)4 original painting looks like when she touched the re

24、production. “its somehow round. you can feel it. you can feel it. it comes with it. and in many places it s so smooth. and then i think to myself: it probably shines too！”raditsch said. the belvedere is not the only museum to have 3d versions of its artwork. some of the pieces at the prado museum, i

25、n madrid, spain have reproductions that can be touched. but the piece in vienna has one special part: it is made with widely available 3 d printing technology. that means one day, blind art fans anywhere in the world could download the source files and print the reproductions themselves. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ) 】本文是一

26、篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了歐盟的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目使用3d 打印技術(shù)重現(xiàn)名畫(huà)，讓它們可以被視障人士觸摸到。8what is “the kiss”？a a european union project.ba popular painting. c a 3d technology. da famous museum. b解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù)第二段中的“one painting printed with the new technology is gustav klimt s the kiss. it is a popular attraction. ” 可知，吻是一幅深受大家歡迎的畫(huà)作。故選b 項(xiàng)。9why

27、did reichinger say this reproduction was difficult to finish? a the painting was reproduced detailedly. b the original artwork was made in 1908. c blind art fans can t download the source. d the 3d technology is not available. a解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的最后一句可知，andreas reichinger 說(shuō)吻是最難完成的作品，因?yàn)槟菍?duì)戀人的長(zhǎng)袍細(xì)節(jié)很多。故選a 項(xiàng)

28、。10how did raditsch feel when she first touched the reproduction? a awkward. bpuzzled. c excited. dnervous. c解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“ you can feel it. you can feel it. ”可以推測(cè)出raditsch“激動(dòng)的 ”心情。故選 c 項(xiàng)。11what is the best title for the text? a a european union program for museum visitors b 3d printing lets the

29、blind experience famous paintings c how to reproduce the world famous paintings d a special museum for art fans in vienna, austria b解析： 標(biāo)題歸納題。 根據(jù)第一段中的內(nèi)容可以看出，用 3d 打印技術(shù)讓視障人士體驗(yàn)名畫(huà)是文章的中心，下文是圍繞該話(huà)題展開(kāi)介紹的。故選b 項(xiàng)。高考英語(yǔ) (譯林版 )一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)5 d(2018 湖北七市高三聯(lián)考)modern humans have a hard time controlling their desire to eat.

30、often you eat not because you are hungry, but because you are affected by many other things.how much you eat is strongly affected by how much those around you eat.people eating alone eat least.people eating with one other person eat 35 percent more than they do at home.people dining in a party of fo

31、ur eat 75 percent more.eating with overweight friends? you ll eat more.is your waitress overweight? you ll eat more.a wide variety of food? youll eat more. plates can decide how sweet dessert tastes.if people ate it off a paper plate, they d say, “this is good. ” if they ate it off a fancy silver pl

32、ate, they would say, “this is the greatest cake ive eaten in my entire life. ”your knowledge about what makes food good or bad also affects how much you eat. you tend to eat more when you think the food is good, and less when you think it is bad.so grandma s cookies always taste better than other co

33、okies. “good food” even has a “health halo(光環(huán) ) effect ” if we re eating something healthy, we feel that everything in that meal is healthy.due to this, people often believe that a cheese cake with a salad has fewer calories(卡路里 ) than the cheese cake alone.that s perhaps also why eating organic(有機(jī)的

34、 ) food might turn you into an annoying guy. your brain may use anything that makes you feel good about your own morality to excuse your immoral behaviour. food and hunger affect your judgment too.hungry judges give more serious sentences. kids who don t eat breakfast behave worse than kids who eat

35、their breakfast.people who have low blood sugar are more likely than the average person to have trouble concentrating and controlling their unpleasant emotions. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ) 】本文主要介紹了哪些因素會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們吃得更多。12what is mentioned as a cause of overeating? a suffering from great loneliness. b being served by a helpful wa

36、itress. c being treated to high quality food. d eating with many friends. d解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“ people eating with one other person eat 35 percent more than they do at home.”可知，和許多朋友一起吃飯是吃得多的一個(gè)原因，故d 項(xiàng)正確。13according to the passage, an annoying person may be one who_ a finds any excuse for eating more b i

37、s crazy about the quality of plates c competes with others in making cookies d teaches people to stick to morality a解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容和第三段中的“that s perhaps also.your immoral behaviour. ” 可知，一個(gè)讓人討厭的人可能總會(huì)找到多吃的借口，故a 項(xiàng)正確。14according to the passage, people are more likely to make a bad judgment when _ a t

38、hey dont feel hungry 高考英語(yǔ) (譯林版 )一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)6 b they arent overweight c they have low blood sugar d they know little about food c解析： 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù)文章最后一段的“ people who have low blood sugar are more likely than the average person to have trouble concentrating and controlling their unpleasant emotions. ”可知，低血糖的人比

39、常人更難以集中注意力和控制自己的情緒，判斷力會(huì)更差，故c 項(xiàng)正確。15what would be the best title for the passage? a when cant we go on a diet? b what affects eating? c how to make good food d where to find safe food b解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文的主題句是第一段的第二句“ often you eat not because you are hungry, but because you are affected by many other

40、 things. ” ， 結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹影響吃飯的因素，故 b 項(xiàng)最能概括文章大意。 七選五(2018 云南三校高考適應(yīng)性考試)unless you think you re the smartest, who doesnt want to be smarter? of course i want to be smarter too.so i try to find out who s the real smart guy that maybe i can learn from.1._ they probably do social media.not always, but

41、probably.2._ they also use this to ensure they can feed their brains with things they otherwise wouldnt have come across. 3_ they never bother their head about the problem of “work- life balance” and somehow manage to seem 100% engaged in what they re doing, on all fronts simultaneously(同時(shí) ), even t

42、hough you know theyre taking appropriate steps behind the scenes to make sure their lives are well balanced. they know they are the smartest in the room, but they dont spend much time talking about that.4._ that is, they challenge themselves to make everyone else in the room the smartest person too.

43、 they never, ever, under any circumstances, make you look stupid, even though it would be easy to do so.theyve learnt through bitter experience that the only thing that happens when you make someone look bad is that you look bad yourself. if they are managers, they will make every effort to get peop

44、le more connected and more popular than them in their teams.5._ they re not threatened because they know that smartness is synergistic (相互促進(jìn)的 )a its not only a chance to listen. b they know it is an advantage to them. c they take it as a personal challenge instead. d they will be smiling even when t

45、hings go wrong. 高考英語(yǔ) (譯林版 )一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)7 e now i ve got an answer about whether someone s smart. fthey also ensure their smart people look smarter than them. g they deal with home, work and personal interests perfectly. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ) 】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了聰明人的特征。1. e解析：本空承接上文，并引出下文內(nèi)容，空前提到“so i try to find out who s the

46、real smart guy that maybe i can learn from. ”， 下文羅列了一些聰明人的特征，故本空填e 項(xiàng) “現(xiàn)在我對(duì)一個(gè)人是否聰明已經(jīng)有答案了 ” 。2a解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，下句中的“ this”指代的是“ a chance to listen” ， 而且 a 項(xiàng)中的“ not only”與下句中的“ also”呼應(yīng)，故 a 項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。本空易錯(cuò)選b 項(xiàng)，但如果對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)是有利的，空前就不會(huì)說(shuō) “ not always, but probably. ”了。3g解析： 本空總結(jié)本段的內(nèi)容，是本段的主旨句。根據(jù)下文中的“work- life balance” “ m

47、ake sure their lives are well balanced ”可知，本段講的聰明人的特征就是“他們能完美地處理家庭、工作和個(gè)人愛(ài)好(之間的關(guān)系 )”， g 項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。4c解析：下文中的“ they challenge themselves” 與 c 項(xiàng)中的“ as a personal challenge”相呼應(yīng)。5f解析：根據(jù)上文中的“ they are managers ” 及 “ they will make every effort to.than them in their teams”與f 項(xiàng)的 “ ensure their smart people look

48、smarter than them ” 相呼應(yīng)。課時(shí)練 2知識(shí)運(yùn)用板塊練 完形填空(2018 西寧檢測(cè) )many students often say that they don t have “enough time”to do all their schoolwork. my _1_is often brief, “you have as much time as the president. ” i usually carry on a bit about _2_twenty four hours in the day for everyone, and suggest that “n

49、ot enough time”is not a(n)_3_explanation of _4_something done. _5_in graduate school, i tried to prove to one of my professors _6_saying that i was working hard. his answer to me was, “that s irrelevant. _7_is important is the _8_of your work.” since then i have had time to think carefully about the

50、 trick of “ _9_” ， and i have come to some _10_all relevant to the problem of how much time we have. if you analyze the matter, you can identify two parts of the problem: there is, _11_，the matter of “time” ，which we can think of _12_. then there is the problem of “ work ” during that time. but, as

51、my professor suggested, it s not how hard one works _13 _the quality of the product that s important.that led me to a new idea: the quality of the work. that _14_is perhaps best explained by a sign i once saw on the wall in someone s office：“ don t work harder._ 15_ ” there is a lot of sense in that

52、 idea. if you can t get more time, and few of us can, the only solution is to improve the quality of the work. that 高考英語(yǔ) (譯林版 )一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)8 means thinking of ways to get more out of _16_time than we might otherwise get. that should lead us to an analysis of our work habits. since “ work ” for students us

53、ually means“ homework”， the expression “work habits”should be read as “_17_ habits”then, as a smart student, you will _18_those skills that you use in study ，_19_reading and writing. if you learn to read better and write better, there are big benefits that _20_in all your studies. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ) 】本文是一篇議論文，主要

54、論述了“工作和學(xué)習(xí)不要總是強(qiáng)調(diào)更勤奮，而應(yīng)當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)更聰明”這一觀點(diǎn)，指出應(yīng)當(dāng)提高自己的工作質(zhì)量和工作效率，而不是一味強(qiáng)調(diào)“勤奮 ” 。1a.questionbidea c reply dkey c解析：根據(jù)該句中的“ you have as much time as the president.” 可知，該處回答了上文的疑問(wèn)；c 項(xiàng)意為 “回答”，故 c 項(xiàng)正確。 a 項(xiàng)意為 “問(wèn)題 ”，b 項(xiàng)意為 “想法 ” ，d 項(xiàng)意為 “關(guān)鍵，答案 ”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。2a.there being bthere are c there be dthere to be a解析：根據(jù)該句中的“ twenty f

55、our hours in the day for everyone ” 可知，每個(gè)人每天都有24 小時(shí)，故用 “ there be” 結(jié)構(gòu)，表示 “存在，有 ”，介詞 about 后跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故a 項(xiàng)正確。3a.strange bacceptable c surprising ddemanding b解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，每個(gè)人每天都有24 小時(shí)，所以 “沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間” 作為解釋是不能接受的；b項(xiàng)意為 “可接受的 ”，故 b 項(xiàng)正確。 a 項(xiàng)意為 “奇怪的 ”；c 項(xiàng)意為 “ 令人驚訝的 ” ；d 項(xiàng)意為 “要求高的，費(fèi)力的 ” 。4a.no getting bnot get

56、ting c no letting dnot letting b解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，每個(gè)人每天都有24 小時(shí)，所以 “沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間”不能解釋沒(méi)有完成工作。get something done 為固定搭配，意為“完成某事 ” ，該處表示否定，前面用not，故 b 項(xiàng)正確。5a.since then bjust now c ever donce d解析：根據(jù)該句中的“ i tried to prove to one of my professors ” ，結(jié)合下文的 “ his answer to me was” 可知，該處敘述的是一件過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，d 項(xiàng)意為 “曾經(jīng) ”，故 d 項(xiàng)正確。 a

57、 項(xiàng)意為 “從那時(shí)起 ”；b 項(xiàng)意為 “剛剛，剛才 ”； c 項(xiàng)意為 “曾經(jīng) ” 。6a.by bin c on dupon 高考英語(yǔ) (譯林版 )一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)9 a解析：根據(jù)該句中的“ saying that i was working hard” 可知， “我” 試圖通過(guò)說(shuō) “我”自己工作勤奮來(lái)向“我”的一位教授證明自己；a 項(xiàng)表示方式，故a 項(xiàng)正確。7a.that bwhat c whether dif b解析：分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，也作該從句的主語(yǔ)，故用連接代詞what；該句意 “ 重要的是你的工作質(zhì)量”，故 b 項(xiàng)正確。8a.quantity bamount c num

58、ber dquality d解析：根據(jù)上文中的“ i was working hard” ，結(jié)合該句語(yǔ)境和第三段最后一句中的“ quality” 可知，教授對(duì)“工作勤奮 ” 的回答是 “重要的是工作質(zhì)量” ；d 項(xiàng)意為 “ 質(zhì)量 ”，故 d 項(xiàng)正確。 a 項(xiàng)意為 “ 數(shù)量 ”；b項(xiàng)意為 “數(shù)量 ”；c 項(xiàng)意為 “數(shù)字 ”。9a.hard worker bhonest student c busy president dfuture graduate a解析：根據(jù)該段第一句中的“ i was working hard ” ，結(jié)合空前一句教授對(duì)此的回應(yīng)可知，從那時(shí)起“我”就開(kāi)始仔細(xì)思考 “勤奮工作

59、者 ” 的技巧； a 項(xiàng)和 “ working hard ” 匹配，故 a 項(xiàng)正確。b 項(xiàng)意為 “誠(chéng)實(shí)的學(xué)生 ”；c 項(xiàng)意為 “忙碌的總統(tǒng) ”；d 項(xiàng)意為 “未來(lái)的畢業(yè)生 ”。10a.constructions bcontributions c conclusions dconcentrations c解析：根據(jù)該句中的“ i have come to” ，結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，就此問(wèn)題，“我”已經(jīng)得出結(jié)論。c 項(xiàng)意為“結(jié)論 ”，故 c 項(xiàng)正確。 a 項(xiàng)意為 “建筑 ” ；b 項(xiàng)意為 “貢獻(xiàn) ”；d 項(xiàng)意為 “集中 ”。11a.of course bin fact c as a result da

60、s a whole a解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，這一問(wèn)題中最重要的當(dāng)然是時(shí)間；a 項(xiàng)意為 “當(dāng)然 ”，故 a 項(xiàng)正確。b 項(xiàng)意為 “事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上”； c 項(xiàng)意為 “結(jié)果是 ” ；d 項(xiàng)意為 “作為整體 ”。12a.if followed bif fixed c as followed das fixed d解析：根據(jù)空后一句“then there is the problem of work during that time. ”可知，接下來(lái)是在此期間的“工作 ”問(wèn)題；據(jù)此可以判斷，該處是說(shuō)，人們總是認(rèn)為時(shí)間是固定不變的，故d 項(xiàng)正確。13a.so bbut c nor dand 高考英