校園環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測試驗報告

1、矩屮職WK界:幸T睨TECHNOLOGY院AND金華職業(yè)技術(shù)學JINHUA COLLEGE OF PROFESSION噪聲控制技術(shù) 實驗報告專業(yè)環(huán)境監(jiān)測與減排技術(shù)班級環(huán)保123組號五組組長馮侃成員金政博婁一元成績2014年 6 月 27日實驗一校園噪聲監(jiān)測實驗一、實驗?zāi)康模?、訓練學生獨立完成環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測任務(wù)的能力；2、使學生學會熟練聲級計的使用方法；3、訓練對非穩(wěn)態(tài)的無規(guī)則噪聲監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)的處理方法，對監(jiān)測結(jié)果的分析和評價 能力。二、實驗任務(wù)：1、確定環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測方案；2、對環(huán)境噪聲進行監(jiān)測；3、數(shù)據(jù)處理，以合理的方式表示監(jiān)測結(jié)果；4、寫出環(huán)境監(jiān)測實訓報告，并對環(huán)境質(zhì)量進行簡單評價。三、實驗地點

2、：金華職業(yè)技術(shù)學院四、實驗組織：將整班學生分為 17組，每組 3 個人，一個組長。學生在指導老師的帶領(lǐng)下進行具體操作。五、實驗內(nèi)容和過程：1、制訂噪聲監(jiān)測方案(1)將學校(或某一地區(qū))劃分 25&5m的網(wǎng)格，測量點選在每個網(wǎng)格的 中心，若中心點的位置不宜測量，可移到旁邊能夠測量的位置。( 2)每組 3 人配置一臺聲級計，順序到各網(wǎng)點測量。( 3)讀數(shù)方式用慢檔， 每隔 5 秒讀一個瞬時 A 聲級，連續(xù)讀取 200 個數(shù)據(jù)。 讀數(shù)同時要判斷和記錄附近主要噪聲來源(如交通噪聲、施工噪聲、 工廠或車間 噪聲、鍋爐噪聲)和天氣條件。2、數(shù)據(jù)處理 環(huán)境噪聲是隨時間而起伏的無規(guī)律噪聲，因此測量結(jié)果

3、一般用統(tǒng)計值或等 效聲級來表示，本實驗用等效聲級表示。（1）將各網(wǎng)點每一次的測量數(shù)據(jù)（ 200 個）順序排列找出 L10、L50、L90， 求出等效聲級Leq，再將該網(wǎng)點一整天的各次Leq值求出算術(shù)平均值，作為該網(wǎng) 點的環(huán)境噪聲評價量。（2）以 5dB 為一等級，用不同顏色或陰影線繪制學校（或某一地區(qū)）噪 聲污染圖。71 號點的數(shù)據(jù)66.563.157.454.178.472.668.366.356.362.458.353.453.954.855.860.858.460.159.559.153.952.651.851.658.156.054.751.851.250.365.151.956.85

4、5.052.553.254.156.151.250.050.849.749.250.258.154.255.856.259.153.253.354.554.554.355.558.754.951.250.368.765.256.256.356.054.652.653.659.856.352.454.654.253.658.456.454.859.456.354.255.052.356.354.251.354.958.659.356.556.455.556.356.455.557.656.554.258.759.056.859.353.658.655.956.357.851.255.356.05

5、0.354.356.258.254.355.456.055.958.658.259.958.254.656.251.857.658.453.859.054.153.256.352.053.556.354.251.658.252.654.359.358.659.352.354.657.859.354.654.654.654.652.354.859.354.354.857.658.454.652.858.354.654.858.358.454.658.656.854.658.056.452.059.352.654.555.256.354.569.359.354.358.458.558.556.35

6、2.058.258.352.655.255.355.860.358.253.252.658.558.252.658.654.555.8由表中數(shù)據(jù)可知： L10=62.4,L50=50.0,L90=58.173 號點的數(shù)據(jù)65.363.563.258.569.352.362.363.869.269.159.965.562.368.469.367.161.262.565.563.564.268.269.265.360.263.165.264.165.269.465.468.364.262.163.265.263.562.363.263.269.368.568.264.565.262.365.364

7、.268.367.665.463.264.568.567.262.363.563.265.364.562.363.564.968.368.364.365.563.364.568.762.362.362.365.667.262.368.263.365.262.565.268.467.565.365.360.360.365.368.469.365.365.565.468.567.565.060.365.362.364.362.368.369.368.562.363.065.564.262.362.565.368.564.265.468.468.462.863.869.862.864.562.562

8、.569.364.562.862.968.364.562.565.862.862.660.365.268.568.262.365.260.568.564.269.562.562.568.568.362.562.365.868.668.565.562.562.362.562.568.164.568.269.269.269.362.362.368.364.268.462.369.569.563.268.368.262.363.268.264.263.568.558.565.363.568.563.565.565.963.565.563.565.563.663.662.463.863.269.663

9、.362.563.568.668.363.263.365.260.263.562.363.564.263.565.562.368.469.367.161.262.565.563.563.268.269.265.360.263.165.264.165.269.466.368.364.262.163.265.263.562.363.263.269.368.568.264.565.262.365.364.268.367.665.463.264.568.567.262.363.563.265.364.562.363.564.968.368.364.365.563.364.568.762.362.362

10、.365.667.262.368.263.365.262.565.268.467.565.365.360.360.365.368.469.365.365.565.468.567.565.060.365.362.364.362.368.369.368.562.363.065.564.262.362.565.368.564.265.468.468.462.863.869.862.864.562.562.569.364.562.862.968.364.562.565.862.862.660.365.268.568.262.365.260.568.564.269.562.562.568.568.362

11、.562.365.868.668.565.562.562.362.562.568.164.568.269.269.269.362.362.368.364.268.462.369.569.563.268.368.262.363.268.264.263.568.558.565.363.568.563.565.565.963.565.563.563.263.865.364.368.268.369.363.264.568.3由表中數(shù)據(jù)可知： L10=64.4,L50=65.8,L90=58.775 號點的數(shù)據(jù)65.363.563.258.569.352.362.363.869.269.159.965.

12、562.368.469.367.161.262.565.563.564.268.269.265.360.263.165.264.165.269.465.468.364.262.163.265.263.562.363.263.269.368.568.264.565.262.365.364.268.367.665.463.264.568.567.262.363.563.265.364.562.363.564.968.368.364.365.563.364.568.762.362.362.365.667.262.368.263.365.262.565.268.467.565.365.360.360.

13、365.368.469.365.365.565.468.567.565.060.365.362.364.362.368.369.368.562.363.065.564.262.362.565.368.564.265.468.468.462.863.869.862.864.562.562.569.364.562.862.968.364.562.565.862.862.660.365.268.568.262.365.260.568.564.269.562.562.568.568.362.562.365.868.668.565.562.562.362.562.568.164.568.269.269.

14、269.362.362.368.364.268.462.369.569.563.268.368.262.363.268.264.263.568.558.565.363.568.563.565.565.963.565.563.565.563.663.662.463.863.269.663.362.563.566.563.157.454.178.472.668.366.356.362.458.353.453.954.855.860.858.460.159.559.153.952.651.851.658.156.054.751.851.250.365.151.956.855.052.553.254.

15、156.151.250.050.849.749.250.258.154.255.856.259.153.253.354.554.554.355.558.754.951.250.368.765.256.256.356.054.652.653.659.856.352.454.654.253.658.456.454.859.456.354.255.052.356.354.251.354.958.659.356.556.455.556.356.455.557.656.554.258.759.056.859.353.658.655.956.357.851.255.356.050.354.356.258.

16、254.355.456.055.958.658.259.958.254.656.251.857.658.453.859.054.153.256.352.053.556.354.251.658.252.654.359.358.659.352.354.657.859.354.654.654.654.652.354.859.354.354.857.658.454.652.858.354.654.858.358.454.658.656.854.658.056.452.059.352.654.555.256.354.569.359.354.358.458.558.556.352.058.258.352.

17、655.255.355.860.358.253.252.658.558.252.658.654.555.8由表中數(shù)據(jù)可知： L10=48.4,L50=47.5,L90=50.177 號點的數(shù)據(jù)68.265.364.252.353.254.668.363.356.362.458.353.453.954.855.860.858.460.159.559.153.952.651.851.658.156.054.751.851.250.365.151.956.855.052.553.254.156.151.250.050.849.749.250.258.154.255.856.259.153.253.3

18、54.554.554.355.558.754.951.250.368.765.256.256.356.054.652.653.659.856.352.454.654.253.658.456.454.859.456.354.255.052.356.354.251.354.958.659.356.556.455.556.356.455.557.656.554.258.759.056.859.353.658.655.956.357.851.255.356.050.354.356.258.254.355.456.055.958.658.259.958.254.656.251.857.658.453.8

19、59.054.153.256.352.053.556.354.251.658.252.654.359.358.659.352.354.657.859.354.654.654.654.652.354.859.354.354.857.658.454.652.858.354.654.858.358.454.658.656.854.658.056.452.059.352.654.555.256.354.569.359.354.358.458.558.556.352.058.258.352.655.255.355.860.358.253.252.658.558.252.658.654.555.866.5

20、63.157.454.178.472.668.366.356.362.458.353.453.954.855.860.858.460.159.559.153.952.651.851.658.156.054.751.851.250.365.151.956.855.052.553.254.156.151.250.050.849.749.250.258.154.255.856.259.153.253.354.554.554.355.558.754.951.250.368.765.256.256.356.054.652.653.659.856.352.454.654.253.658.456.454.8

21、59.456.354.255.052.356.354.251.354.958.659.356.556.455.556.356.455.557.656.554.258.759.056.859.353.658.655.956.357.851.255.356.050.354.356.258.254.355.456.055.958.658.259.958.254.656.251.857.658.453.859.054.153.256.352.053.556.354.251.658.252.654.359.358.659.352.354.657.859.354.654.654.654.652.354.8

22、59.354.354.857.658.454.652.858.354.654.858.358.454.658.656.854.658.056.452.059.352.654.555.256.354.569.359.354.358.458.558.556.352.058.258.352.655.255.355.860.358.253.252.658.558.252.658.654.555.8由表中數(shù)據(jù)可知： L10=63.8,L50=56.0,L90=56.479 號點的數(shù)據(jù)60.563.365.354.263.268.363.564.266.263.566.553.453.954.855.86

23、0.858.460.159.559.153.952.651.851.658.156.054.751.851.250.365.151.956.855.052.553.254.156.151.250.050.849.749.250.258.154.255.856.259.153.253.354.554.554.355.558.754.951.250.368.765.256.256.356.054.652.653.659.856.352.454.654.253.658.456.454.859.456.354.255.052.356.354.251.354.958.659.356.556.455.55

24、6.356.455.557.656.554.258.759.056.859.353.658.655.956.357.851.255.356.050.354.356.258.254.355.456.055.958.658.259.958.254.656.251.857.658.453.859.054.153.256.352.053.556.354.251.658.252.654.359.358.659.352.354.657.859.354.654.654.654.652.354.859.354.354.857.658.454.652.858.354.654.858.358.454.658.65

25、6.854.658.056.452.059.352.654.555.256.354.569.359.354.358.458.558.556.352.058.258.352.655.255.355.860.358.253.252.658.558.252.658.654.555.866.563.157.454.178.472.668.366.356.362.458.353.453.954.855.860.858.460.159.559.153.952.651.851.658.156.054.751.851.250.365.151.956.855.052.553.254.156.151.250.05

26、0.849.749.250.258.154.255.856.259.153.253.354.554.554.355.558.754.951.250.368.765.256.256.356.054.652.653.659.856.352.454.654.253.658.456.454.859.456.354.255.052.356.354.251.354.958.659.356.556.455.556.356.455.557.656.554.258.759.056.859.353.658.655.956.357.851.255.356.050.354.356.258.254.355.456.05

27、5.958.658.259.958.254.656.251.857.658.453.859.054.153.256.352.053.556.354.251.658.252.654.359.358.659.352.354.657.859.354.654.654.654.652.354.859.354.354.857.658.454.652.858.354.654.858.358.454.658.656.854.658.056.452.059.352.654.555.256.354.569.359.354.358.458.558.556.352.058.258.352.655.255.355.86

28、0.358.253.252.658.558.252.658.654.555.8由表中數(shù)據(jù)可知： L10=64.0,L50=48.7,L90=60.180 號點的數(shù)據(jù)55.250.253.354.150.352.353.354.256.352.353.353.453.954.855.860.858.460.159.559.153.952.651.851.658.156.054.751.851.250.365.151.956.855.052.553.254.156.151.250.050.849.749.250.258.154.255.856.259.153.253.354.554.554.355

29、.558.754.951.250.368.765.256.256.356.054.652.653.659.856.352.454.654.253.658.456.454.859.456.354.255.052.356.354.251.354.958.659.356.556.455.556.356.455.557.656.554.258.759.056.859.353.658.655.956.357.851.255.356.050.354.356.258.254.355.456.055.958.658.259.958.254.656.251.857.658.453.859.054.153.256

30、.352.053.556.354.251.658.252.654.359.358.659.352.354.657.859.354.654.654.654.652.354.859.354.354.857.658.454.652.858.354.654.858.358.454.658.656.854.658.056.452.059.352.654.555.256.354.569.359.354.358.458.558.556.352.058.258.352.655.255.355.855.350.354.353.250.553.652.653.353.254.2由表中數(shù)據(jù)可知： L10=51.2,

31、L50=48.3,L90=47.8找出L10、L50、L90,求出等效聲級 Leq71727374757677787980L1062.456.364.460.048.464.463.861.664.651.2L5050.058.265.854.247.555.856.053.148.748.3L9058.155.058.755.150.158.756.458.860.147.8Leq50.358.266.354.647.556.356.953.249.048.5Leq=L50+(L10-L90F2/60不同點的Lgq3、對校園噪聲進行簡單評價校園噪聲主要是車輛開過的聲音六、實施體會在記錄時由于

32、數(shù)字變化較快，不能很精準的記錄，導致實驗記錄有所誤差實驗二噪聲源頻譜測定、實驗?zāi)康?、了解學生噪聲源的主要來源；2、使學生學會熟練頻譜儀的使用方法;3、了解不同噪聲的頻譜特征；4、掌握繪制頻譜圖的方法。二、實驗原理除音叉等之外，各種聲源發(fā)出的聲音很少是單一頻率的純音，大多是由許多不同強度，不同頻率的聲音復(fù)合而成，統(tǒng)稱復(fù)音。在復(fù)音中，不同頻率（或頻段）的成分的聲波具有不同的能量，這種頻率成分與能量分布的關(guān)系稱為聲的頻譜。 由于一般噪聲的頻率分布寬闊，在實際的頻譜分析中，不需要也不可能對每個頻 率成分進行具體分析。為了方便，人們把2020000Hz的聲頻范圍分為幾個段落，劃分的每一個具有一定頻率范

33、圍的段落稱做頻帶或頻程。實驗證明，當聲音的聲壓級不變而頻率提高一倍時，聽起來音調(diào)也提高一倍（音樂上稱提高八度音程）;為此，將聲頻范圍劃分為這樣的頻帶：使每一頻帶的上限頻率比下限頻率 高一倍，即頻率之比為2,這樣劃分的每一個頻程稱1倍頻程，簡稱倍頻程。為 了簡明，每個倍頻程用其中心頻率，fc來表示：fc = Jfd fufu和fd，分別為該頻程的上限和下限頻率。描述一個復(fù)音中，各頻率成分 與能量分布關(guān)系的圖形稱為頻譜圖。通常是先測定出該噪聲的各頻率成分與相應(yīng) 的聲壓級或聲功率級，然后以頻率為橫坐標，以聲壓級（聲功率級）為縱坐標進行 繪圖。目前大部分聲級計都具有頻譜分析的功能，能夠把監(jiān)測值傳送到計

34、算機上并繪制出頻譜圖。使用噪聲測量虛擬儀器聲級計聯(lián)機繪制的頻譜圖如圖1.3所示。頻譜圖的橫坐標顯示倍頻程的中心頻率：63，125, 250, 500，1000, 2000,4000，8000Hz縱坐標顯示外部環(huán)境的聲級 dB。/圖1頻譜儀三、測量方法將班級分組，每3人一組。一個組長。學生在指導老師的帶領(lǐng)下進行具體 操作。要求組內(nèi)每位同學選擇 2中不同類型的噪聲源進行測定。打開儀器電源，進入測量子菜單，用調(diào)節(jié)光標，按下“啟動/暫?！辨I,是菜單中跳動的“run ”停止閃爍，開始測量。移動光標到 31.5Hz，再接下去是 63 Hz, 125 Hz,250 Hz,500 Hz, 1000 Hz,20

35、00 Hz,4000 Hz,8000 Hz。由于濾波要有一定的穩(wěn)定時間，所以每個中心頻率點要有8s左右的停留時間，所有中心頻率點測量完成后，按“打印”鍵，然后回按，記錄數(shù)據(jù)，剩下幾個噪聲源重復(fù)同 樣操作。四、數(shù)據(jù)處理1、記錄數(shù)據(jù)根據(jù)不同的噪聲源，記錄數(shù)據(jù)。各噪吉源頻率與吉壓級原始數(shù)據(jù)記錄表31.5H763HZ125HZ250HZ500HZLK2K4KSK鳳聲55. 455.858. 366. 968. 063. 460. 154.648.6建工實訓 基地的建53.462.35L 382. 4100. 275.8SS.861.956. 1建工老師58.959.159. 756. 462. 058

36、. 05丄041.344.9我們的笑 聲54. 156.062. 161. 981. SS3. 882. 270.553.9樓逍的腳 步再72. 762.966. 182, 670. 774.856.054.768.6敲打聲67. 063” 4旳” 577, 9S0. 478.678. S72,976.0各噪聲源頻率與聲壓級關(guān)系折線圖逮工老訐講課盍頻棗我們的芙吉樓道的濟歩蠱蟻道旳濟步盍五、實施體會由于選擇的噪聲源的環(huán)境存在著其他的噪聲，沒有完全處于靜音狀 態(tài)，所以所測的數(shù)據(jù)只是大概的，同時由于選擇噪聲源的好壞也影響 著這個實驗的準確性。實驗三吸聲材料吸聲系數(shù)測定一、實驗?zāi)康模?、了解人耳聽覺得

37、頻率范圍，獲得對一些頻率純音得感性認識。2、加深對垂直入射吸聲系數(shù)得理解，熟悉駐波管法是測定材料的吸聲系數(shù) 的方法。3、吸聲材料吸聲系數(shù)大小。二、測定原理在駐極管中形成駐波，測出波腹波節(jié)聲壓，計算吸聲系數(shù)aO。駐波比n，聲壓反射系數(shù)r，吸聲系數(shù)aOo2圖1實驗裝置圖駐波管為一金屬(塑料)直管，它的一端可以用夾具安裝試件，另一端接好揚聲器，聲頻訊號由聲頻發(fā)生器產(chǎn)生，經(jīng)放大器進行放大，由揚聲器發(fā)出單頻聲 波，聲波在駐波管內(nèi)傳播，由于管徑較小，與音頻聲波的波長相比，可近似將聲 波面看作為平面入射波，沿管內(nèi)直線傳播；當入射到試件后，進行反射，由于反 射波與入射波傳遞的方向和相位相反，聲壓產(chǎn)生疊加，干涉而形成駐波，并在管內(nèi)某個位置上