池國(guó)祥英文地質(zhì)論文寫作中常見的問題實(shí)用教案

1、Importance of Publication- Scientific records- Communication with international community- Contribution to scientific advancement- Social-economic impacts- Career development- 寫作過程也是科研的一部分：激發(fā)思維，寫作過程也是科研的一部分：激發(fā)思維，推敲研究推敲研究(ynji)結(jié)果的意義。結(jié)果的意義。- 審稿和修改過程對(duì)科研有促進(jìn)作用。審稿和修改過程對(duì)科研有促進(jìn)作用。第1頁/共55頁第一頁，共56頁。英文地質(zhì)論文寫作的常見

2、問題英文地質(zhì)論文寫作的常見問題結(jié)構(gòu)及格式問題結(jié)構(gòu)及格式問題語法語法(yf)和用詞問題和用詞問題其它問題其它問題投稿注意問題投稿注意問題第2頁/共55頁第二頁，共56頁?？萍颊撐膶懽鞯闹饕獑栴}是論文結(jié)構(gòu)及格式問題科技論文寫作的主要問題是論文結(jié)構(gòu)及格式問題，而不是英文問題。，而不是英文問題。結(jié)構(gòu)好而英文不好的論文很容易結(jié)構(gòu)好而英文不好的論文很容易(rngy)修改，而修改，而結(jié)構(gòu)不好的論文則很難改。結(jié)構(gòu)不好的論文則很難改。第3頁/共55頁第三頁，共56頁。Highlight 只說做了什么只說做了什么(shn me)，沒說發(fā)現(xiàn)什么，沒說發(fā)現(xiàn)什么(shn me)-Detailed petrographi

3、c work carried out-Important constraint on U mineralization recognized-Xenotime coeval with uraninite in Athabasca Basin-Onset of U mineralization related to volcanism and brine formation第4頁/共55頁第四頁，共56頁。引言引言(ynyn)的核心是的核心是 What Why How不要把研究(ynji)結(jié)果在前言里講出來第5頁/共55頁第五頁，共56頁。沒有沒有(mi yu)分清目的分清目的 (purpose

4、s) 和目標(biāo)和目標(biāo) (objectives)This paper aims to carry out detailed field, petrographic, stable isotope and fluid inclusion studies of the Poplar Mountain gold deposit.This paper aims to understand the mineralization conditions and processes of the Poplar Mountain gold deposit, through detailed field, petro

5、graphic, stable isotope and fluid inclusion studies.第6頁/共55頁第六頁，共56頁?？斩纯斩?kngdng)的文獻(xiàn)總結(jié)的文獻(xiàn)總結(jié)Empty Review: The sedimentary and stratigraphy of the Viking Formation have been studied by Smith (1978) and Walker et al. (1990). Little work has been done on diagenesis, except a stable isotope study by Lee

6、(1998). The petroleum system has been evaluated by Cook (1989), .Informative Review: The Viking Formation has been interpreted to have formed in a wave-dominated shoreface and transitional zones (Smith, 1978; Walker et al., 1990). A diagenetic study of calcite cements by Lee (1998) yielded d18O of -

7、18 to -15%o (PDB), which were interpreted to indicate第7頁/共55頁第七頁，共56頁。參考文獻(xiàn)的引用參考文獻(xiàn)的引用(ynyng)不恰當(dāng)不恰當(dāng)有些地區(qū)有些地區(qū)(dq)前人已做了大量工作。但這不前人已做了大量工作。但這不意味這你要引用所有工作。引用什么和不引用意味這你要引用所有工作。引用什么和不引用什么要得當(dāng)。什么要得當(dāng)。引用要放在恰當(dāng)?shù)牡胤?。引用某文（或圖）等引用要放在恰當(dāng)?shù)牡胤?。引用某文（或圖）等于告訴讀者于告訴讀者“請(qǐng)看請(qǐng)看”。要把要把 Credit 給該給的人。給該給的人。第8頁/共55頁第八頁，共56頁。Cite references

8、 in chronological orderThere are a number of previous studies in this field (Smith, 1999; Andes et al., 2001; Sun et al., 1988).There are a number of previous studies in this field (Andes et al., 2001; Smith, 1999; Sun et al., 1988).There are a number of previous studies in this field (Sun et al., 1

9、988; Smith, 1999; Andes et al., 2001).第9頁/共55頁第九頁，共56頁。For first author of the the same name, the order of listing references is single-author first, two-author second, and multi-author last (in chronological order)Li, S., 2011, Li, S., Anderson, K. and Wang, L., 2000, .Li, S. and Baker, A., 2003, .

10、Li, S., Wang, N. and Zhu, C., 1989, .Li, S., 2011, Li, S. and Baker, A., 2003, .Li, S., Wang, N. and Zhu, C., 1989, .Li, S., Anderson, K. and Wang, L., 2000, .第10頁/共55頁第十頁，共56頁。區(qū)域地質(zhì)背景沒有根據(jù)本文的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行區(qū)域地質(zhì)背景沒有根據(jù)本文的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行(jnxng)取舍取舍區(qū)域區(qū)域(qy)地質(zhì)背景的介紹是很有講究的。不地質(zhì)背景的介紹是很有講究的。不能千篇一律地描述所有的地質(zhì)背景，要根據(jù)本能千篇一律地描述所有的地質(zhì)背景，要根據(jù)本

11、文的重點(diǎn)有所側(cè)重。文的重點(diǎn)有所側(cè)重。第11頁/共55頁第十一頁，共56頁?，F(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象(xinxing)或數(shù)據(jù)的描述與解釋混雜在一起或數(shù)據(jù)的描述與解釋混雜在一起We have detected high concentrations of CO2 in the fluid, which is most likely derived from the mantle. However, some crustal CO2 has also been detected, as reflected by its carbon isotope composition. The ores are charact

12、erized by laminated structures, which are likely of syngenetic origin The syngenetic structures are commonly found in all the deposits in the study area, suggesting that these deposits are probably of SEDEX type. 第12頁/共55頁第十二頁，共56頁。缺乏詳細(xì)缺乏詳細(xì)(xingx)的地質(zhì)描述的地質(zhì)描述第13頁/共55頁第十三頁，共56頁。缺乏詳細(xì)缺乏詳細(xì)(xingx)的巖相學(xué)描述的巖相

13、學(xué)描述Marine calciteReplacement dolomitePore-filling dolomiteStyloliteSphaleriteGalenaCalcite (CL zoned)Calcite (CL dull)Authigenic quartzFluoriteBaritePre-oreSyn-orePost-oreCa. 300 MaCa. 348 Ma第14頁/共55頁第十四頁，共56頁。把前人或自己已發(fā)表的數(shù)據(jù)列在結(jié)果把前人或自己已發(fā)表的數(shù)據(jù)列在結(jié)果(ji gu)部分部分Data sourcesLiang et al. 2008Liang et al. 2008Z

14、hu et al. 2011This studyThis studyThis studyThis study第15頁/共55頁第十五頁，共56頁。展示數(shù)據(jù)的圖表出現(xiàn)在討論展示數(shù)據(jù)的圖表出現(xiàn)在討論(toln)部分部分第16頁/共55頁第十六頁，共56頁。展示展示(zhnsh)數(shù)據(jù)的圖表出現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的圖表出現(xiàn)在討論部分在討論部分第17頁/共55頁第十七頁，共56頁。5. Discussion5.1. Ages of mineralization5.2. Sources of ore-forming components5.3. Ore precipitation mechanisms5.4. Ore

15、genesis礦床類型不等于礦床類型不等于(dngy)礦床成因礦床成因:Ore genesis: Based on the geological and geochemical characteristics, this mineral deposit is considered to be a MVT deposit. 把礦床把礦床(kungchung)成因成因和礦床和礦床(kungchung)類型類型混肴混肴第18頁/共55頁第十八頁，共56頁。討論討論(toln)部分沒有與引言呼應(yīng)，沒有以事實(shí)部分沒有與引言呼應(yīng)，沒有以事實(shí)為依據(jù)為依據(jù)Introduction: This paper ai

16、ms to understand the mineralization conditions and processes of the Poplar Mountain gold deposit, through detailed field, petrographic, stable isotope and fluid inclusions studies.Discussion: In this section we will focus on the origins of gold deposits in southwestern New Brunswick, especially on t

17、he role that crustal evolution may have played in mineralization.第19頁/共55頁第十九頁，共56頁。討論部分把在引言討論部分把在引言(ynyn)部分說過的話部分說過的話又說一遍又說一遍Introduction: The origin of the Poplar Mountain gold deposit has not been well understood. Some researchers believe it formed from magmatic fluids, whereas others thought .Di

18、scussion: The origin of the Poplar Mountain gold deposit has not been well understood. Some researchers believe it formed from magmatic fluids, whereas others thought .第20頁/共55頁第二十頁，共56頁。討論討論(toln)部分與結(jié)果部分小標(biāo)部分與結(jié)果部分小標(biāo)題重復(fù)題重復(fù)2. Results2.1 Oxygen isotopes2.2 Carbon isotopes2.3 Fluid inclusions3. Discussi

19、on3.1 Oxygen isotopes3.2 Carbon isotopes3.3 Fluid inclusions3. Discussion3.1 Sources of mineralizing fluids3.2 Ore precipitation mechanisms第21頁/共55頁第二十一頁，共56頁。圖例說明沒有直接圖例說明沒有直接(zhji)標(biāo)在標(biāo)在圖例旁邊圖例旁邊第22頁/共55頁第二十二頁，共56頁。參考文獻(xiàn)格式參考文獻(xiàn)格式(g shi)沒按要求沒按要求-作者(zuzh)沒列全-錯(cuò)字太多-名字縮寫不統(tǒng)一-期刊名稱縮寫或不縮寫不統(tǒng)一-卷號(hào)及頁碼格式不統(tǒng)一-多余的空格第23頁

20、/共55頁第二十三頁，共56頁。英文地質(zhì)論文寫作的常見問題英文地質(zhì)論文寫作的常見問題結(jié)構(gòu)及格式結(jié)構(gòu)及格式(g shi)問題問題語法和用詞問題語法和用詞問題其它問題其它問題投稿注意問題投稿注意問題第24頁/共55頁第二十四頁，共56頁?！癟he” 的用與不用的用與不用(byng)Jinding deposit is a large Zn-Pb deposit. There are many Sn deposits in the southern Hunan. The Jinding deposit is a large Zn-Pb deposit. There are many Sn depos

21、its in southern Hunan. There are many Sn deposits in the southern Hunan area. 第25頁/共55頁第二十五頁，共56頁?！皌he”, “a” 及復(fù)數(shù)(fsh)的使用-要根據(jù)要根據(jù)(gnj)上下文而定上下文而定-“The” 含有含有“那個(gè)那個(gè)”或或“那些那些”的意思的意思第26頁/共55頁第二十六頁，共56頁。沒有沒有(mi yu)必要的副詞必要的副詞VeryDefinitelyObviouslyExtremely Strongly第27頁/共55頁第二十七頁，共56頁。放在句子前面，可有可無放在句子前面，可有可無(k

22、yu k w)的的副詞的的副詞Basically, Actually, If fact, 第28頁/共55頁第二十八頁，共56頁。不客觀的肯定不客觀的肯定(kndng)語氣語氣The deposit must have been formed from fluid mixing. The deposit may have been formed from fluid mixing. The deposit was likely formed from fluid mixing. 第29頁/共55頁第二十九頁，共56頁。不可數(shù)名詞不能用復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞不能用復(fù)數(shù)(fsh)This conclusi

23、on is supported by many evidences. This conclusion is supported by several lines of evidence. Researches, equipments, 第30頁/共55頁第三十頁，共56頁。Zircon and zirconsWater and watersWork and works有些詞可當(dāng)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，但意思有些詞可當(dāng)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，但意思(y s)不同不同第31頁/共55頁第三十一頁，共56頁?！?” 與與“ ”的區(qū)別的區(qū)別(qbi)-Fault-controlled-cm-sized-

24、Regional-scale-Ice-melting-1020 cm-quartzpyrite assemblage-NESW trending-Figs. ac 第32頁/共55頁第三十二頁，共56頁。-The Huanglong Formation-The Huanglong and Qiziqiao formationsFormation 還是(hi shi) formation？- The Huanglong formation-The Huanglong and Qiziqiao Formations第33頁/共55頁第三十三頁，共56頁。有些中文專業(yè)有些中文專業(yè)(zhuny)詞匯可

25、譯為多個(gè)含義不同的英詞匯可譯為多個(gè)含義不同的英文詞匯文詞匯成礦：成礦：Metallogeny; Mineralization測(cè)試：測(cè)試：Test; Analysis指示：指示：Indicate; Suggest根據(jù)根據(jù)(gnj)：According to; Based on包含：包含：Contain; Include勘探：勘探：Prospecting; Exploration區(qū)：區(qū)： District; Area帶：帶： Belt; Zone礦體：礦體：Ore body; Orebody特征：特征：Features; Characteristics第34頁/共55頁第三十四頁，共56頁。不要用

26、不同不要用不同(b tn)的名詞描寫同一個(gè)的名詞描寫同一個(gè)東西或地方東西或地方The Shizishan orefield is located in the Lower Yangtze metallogenic belt. There are numerious Mesozoic granitic intrusions in the Shizishan district. Different types of mineralization occur in the Shizishan area . The Shizishan deposit is interpreted to have fo

27、rmed from . 第35頁/共55頁第三十五頁，共56頁。“between and ” 和和 “from to ” 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別(qbi)25333644555677888990The Th values are between 25o and 90oC.The Th values range from 25o to 90oC.第36頁/共55頁第三十六頁，共56頁?？臻g副詞空間副詞(fc)和時(shí)間副詞和時(shí)間副詞(fc)Often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally 等表示時(shí)間概念的詞不能用來描述地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)的普遍性或偶然性。正確(zhngqu)的用詞

28、應(yīng)該是 commonly, generally, locally, in places, 等等。Gold often occurs in fractures in quartz, but sometimes it occurs as inclusions in pyrite.Gold commonly occurs in fractures in quartz, but locally it occurs as inclusions in pyrite.第37頁/共55頁第三十七頁，共56頁。避免避免(bmin)過長(zhǎng)或過短的句子過長(zhǎng)或過短的句子-過長(zhǎng)的句子容易造成(zo chn)誤解。-過短的

29、句子給人感覺信息量太少，效率太低。-長(zhǎng)句短句相結(jié)合讀起來比較舒服第38頁/共55頁第三十八頁，共56頁。避免避免(bmin)主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句反復(fù)交叉使用主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句反復(fù)交叉使用A number of mineral deposits have been discovered in the study area. Many researchers have studied the mineralogy and geochemistry of the deposits. However, the origin of the deposits has not been well understood

30、.A number of mineral deposits have been discovered in the study area. Many of them have been studied for mineralogy and geochemistry. However, their origin has not been well understood.第39頁/共55頁第三十九頁，共56頁。兩個(gè)句子之間不能用逗號(hào)兩個(gè)句子之間不能用逗號(hào)(duho)分開分開The Red Lake gold deposit is located in northwestern Ontario, i

31、t is well known for its high grade and large tonnage. The Red Lake gold deposit is located in northwestern Ontario; it is well known for its high grade and large tonnage. The Red Lake gold deposit is located in northwestern Ontario, and it is well known for its high grade and large tonnage. 第40頁/共55

32、頁第四十頁，共56頁。美式英語美式英語(yn y)與英式英語與英式英語(yn y)不可混用不可混用Colour vs colorMetre vs meterCentre vs centerVapour vs vapor第41頁/共55頁第四十一頁，共56頁。英文地質(zhì)論文英文地質(zhì)論文(lnwn)寫作的常見問題寫作的常見問題結(jié)構(gòu)及格式問題結(jié)構(gòu)及格式問題語法和用詞問題語法和用詞問題其它問題其它問題投稿注意問題投稿注意問題第42頁/共55頁第四十二頁，共56頁。不要用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字開始一個(gè)不要用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字開始一個(gè)(y )句子句子145 fluid inclusions were measured for

33、homogenization temperatures, of which 98 were also measured for ice-melting temperature.One hundred and forty-five (145) fluid inclusions were measured for homogenization temperatures, of which 98 were also measured for ice-melting temperature.第43頁/共55頁第四十三頁，共56頁。數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)(shj)的小數(shù)點(diǎn)用的不對(duì)的小數(shù)點(diǎn)用的不對(duì)ooC, and th

34、e salinities range from 27.88 to 35.69 wt.% NaCl equivalent.The homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions range from 100 to 191oC, and the salinities range from 27.9 to 35.7 wt.% NaCl equivalent.第44頁/共55頁第四十四頁，共56頁。不要不要(byo)(byo)用用 10-6 10-6 做單位做單位The concentrations of Cu and Zn in the por

35、phyry are 33.8 10-6 and 45.6 10-6, respectively.The concentrations of Cu and Zn in the porphyry are 33.8 ppm and 45.6 ppm, respectively.第45頁/共55頁第四十五頁，共56頁。英文地質(zhì)論文寫作的常見問題英文地質(zhì)論文寫作的常見問題結(jié)構(gòu)及格式問題結(jié)構(gòu)及格式問題語法語法(yf)和用詞問題和用詞問題其它問題其它問題投稿注意問題投稿注意問題第46頁/共55頁第四十六頁，共56頁。Submission for Publication- Editor: Why should

36、 I publish your paper?- Always have the readers in mind.- Do your homework; do not leave things for reviewers and editor to clean up for you!第47頁/共55頁第四十七頁，共56頁。盡量避免低級(jí)盡量避免低級(jí)(dj)錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤-低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤會(huì)被認(rèn)為是個(gè)態(tài)度問題，容易引起編輯及審稿人的反感。-投稿前用 Spelling Checker 過一道。-空格(kn )不是可有可無的，如 “xxxx(xxx) , xxx”不對(duì)，應(yīng)為 “xxxx (xxx), xxx”。-不要太不把參考文獻(xiàn)當(dāng)回事。第48頁/共55頁第四十八頁，共56頁?；卮鸹卮?hud)(hud)審