初中定語從句講解練習(xí)及復(fù)習(xí)資料

1、一、定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。定語 定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語（動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語和分詞短語）或句子，漢語中常用的表示。主要由形容詞擔(dān)任，此外，名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，分詞，副詞，不定式以及介詞短語也可以來擔(dān)任，也可以由一個(gè)句子來擔(dān)任。單詞作定語時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語。短語和從句作定語時(shí)則放在所修飾的詞之后，作后置定語。 定語從句是指在一個(gè)句子中作定語的句子，定語從句要放在所修飾的詞后。如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You m

2、ust do everything that I do. 上面兩句中的man和everything是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that, which, who(賓格who, 所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞where, when、why關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語從句 2、代替先行詞 3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old ma

3、n who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，?？墒÷?。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主語) (2) This is the

4、pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做賓語)4. that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略。 (5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主語) (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做賓語)5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語 (1) He has a friend whose father

5、 is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yell

6、ow?注：that 用法(1)不用that的情況 (a) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。 (錯(cuò))The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here. (b) 介詞后不能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. (2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況 (a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 (b) 在不定代詞，如：an

7、ything, nothing, the one, all等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。 (c) 先行詞有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修飾時(shí)，只用that。 (d) 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that,不能用which。. (e) 先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。 (f) 先行詞指物，在主句中作表語時(shí) (g) 為了避免重復(fù) (h)先行詞是the way或the reason時(shí)，that可作關(guān)系副詞，也可省略 (i) 主句的主語是疑問詞who /which時(shí) 舉例： Is this the book that you b

8、orrowed in the library? 這是你在圖書館借的那本書嗎？ Who that break the window should be punished 誰打碎了窗戶都要受到懲罰 All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油問題。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。 三、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞：在句中作狀語關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞 why=for which where=in/

9、at/ on/ . which (介詞同先行詞搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ . which (介詞同先行詞搭配) 1. where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語用來表示地點(diǎn)的定語從句。 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten y ears ago has been pulled down. 2. when引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時(shí)間。在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語也可做連接詞用 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to th

10、e school. (2) The time when we got together finally came.注表示時(shí)間“time"一詞的定語從句只用when引導(dǎo)，有時(shí)不用任何關(guān)系代詞，當(dāng)然也不用that引導(dǎo)。 By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 到你到達(dá)倫敦的時(shí)候，我們?cè)谀抢镆呀?jīng)待了兩個(gè)星期。 I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然記得我第一次見到她。 Each time he goes to business trip,

11、 he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。 每一次他去出差，他帶來了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。 3. why指原因 在定語從句中做原因狀語 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換 (1) The reason why/ for

12、which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. 注：1）介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。 2）that前不能有介詞。 3） 某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when ,where和why 互換。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago

13、. This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club? This is the reason why he came late. This is the reason for which he came late. 練習(xí)(一)請(qǐng)分析一下定語從句：( 請(qǐng)劃出定語從句，并標(biāo)出先行詞)1.      Ch

14、eck the ways you study for an English test. 2.      Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 3.      You couldnt understand people who talked fast. 4.      I have some ideas that may help. 5.  

15、    They said something you didnt like. 6.      Can you think of any problems you have had recently?8.      He would always take pride in everything good I do. 9.      My friends and I talked about the rules th

16、at we have in school. 10.  What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?12.  If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me. 13.  Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries. 14.  If you know someone you know doing

17、 this, you can ask them. 15.  All I ever wanted to do was traveling. 二、用關(guān)系代詞填空：that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose1.        This is the man _ wants to see you.2.        The student _ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3.  

18、;      The man _ you went to see has come.4.        The man _I met yesterday lent me some money.5.        The woman _ you saw is our geography teacher. 6.        The runn

19、er _ you are asking about is over there.7.        The person _ you should write to is Mr. Ball.8.        The man _was passing by saw what happened.9.        Here is the pen _ you lost the day bef

20、ore yesterday.10.    These books _ you lent me were very useful.11.    The storybook _ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12.    A clock is a machine _ tells people the time.13.    This is shirt _I bought yesterday.14.  &

21、#160; A dictionary is a book _ gives the meaning to the word.15.    The book _ is on the table is mine.16.    The film _ they are talking about is very interesting.17.    I will never forget the people and the places _I have ever visited.18.  &#

22、160; Is there anyone _ family is in Beijing?19.    Show me the boy _ mother is a well-known singer.20.    The boy_ father is a teacher is good at English.三、單項(xiàng)選擇( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady_ comes from Beijing. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose( ) 2. Wha

23、ts the name of the program_. A. which are listening B. you are listening to C. to that you are listening D. that you are listening( ) 3. The students were all interested _ you told them yesterday. A. in which B. in that this C. all that D. in everything( ) 4. He was the only person in his office_ wa

24、s invited. A. whom B. whose C. that D. which( ) 5. This is the museum_ we visited last year. A. where B. in which C. which D. in that( ) 6. Charlie told his mother all_ had happened. A. that B. what C. which D. who( ) 7. Do you know the student_? A. whom I often talk B. with who I often talk C. I of

25、ten talk with D. that I often talk( ) 8. I like the house_ windows face south. A. whose B. whos C. it's D. its( ) 9. Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _? A. what I need B.I need C. which I need it D. that I need it( )10. The young woman_ I spoke just now is a young doctor. A. who B.

26、to whom C. whom D. that練習(xí)(二)1. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure.     A. which    B. what   C. as      D. those 5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found.      A. that  

27、     B. where        C. in which      D. in that  6. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice.      A. at which    B. on that    

28、0;  C. in which      D. of what  7. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.      A. how you have observed        B. what you have observed      C. that you have observe

29、d        D. how that you have observed 8. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.      A. because    B. why        C. that      D. whether 9. Ill tell you _

30、he told me last week.      A. all which    B. that   C. all that       D. which 10. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old.      A. whose     B. of which   &#

31、160;   C. in which      D. on which 11. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.       A. as        B. that      C. which        D. what 12

32、. He failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry.      A. which     B. it        C. that    D. what 13. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night.

33、60; A. which      B. whom   C. who    D. that 14. The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister.   A. who is singing     B. is singing      C. sang   D. was singing 15. Those _

34、not only from books but also through practice will succeed.   A. learn       B. who     C. that learns    D. who learn 16. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out.  A. that  against       B. tha

35、t  against    C. who is against    D. who are against 17. Didnt you see the man _?       A. I nodded just now       B. whom I nodded just now       C. I nodded to him just now 

36、0;    D. I nodded to just now 18. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day?       A. that you talked         B. you talked about it       C. which you talked with     &#

37、160;  D. you talked about 19. Is there anything _ to you?   A. that is belonged        B. that belongs      C. that belong     D. which belongs 20. - “How do you like the book?”      - “Its quite

38、 different from _ I read last month.”      A. that         B. which       C. the one     D. the one what 21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them

39、.      A. the ones     B. ones   C. some      D. the others 22. The train _ she was travelling was late.      A. which     B. where   C. on which     

40、   D. in that 23. He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept.      A. where        B. in which       C. under which    D. which 24. Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.      A. which         B. where   C. that    D. about which 25. Its the third time _ late