(完整)高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句詳解與練習(xí)

1、高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句詳解I.概念：(1) 定語(yǔ)從句：在主從復(fù)合句中用作定語(yǔ)的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊接在先行詞(antecedent)后面。(2) 先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個(gè)詞，短語(yǔ)，或整個(gè)主句。(3) 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞的作用：1) 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，連接主句和從句，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)連詞；2) 必在從句中作某個(gè)句子成份(可以做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ))常用的關(guān)系代詞：that、 which、 who、whom、as ,在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)， whose 定語(yǔ))常用的關(guān)系畐 U 詞(在從句中只作狀語(yǔ))：when、why、 whereThe

2、stude nt who an swered the questio n was Joh n.I know the reas on why he was so an gry.The boy (whom) you are talk ing to is my brother.Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea.定語(yǔ)從句三步：第一找出先行詞；第二看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)法功能(做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ))；第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞。n.幾個(gè)關(guān)系代詞的基本用法： that:可指人或物；在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)。(指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who 或 wh

3、om ;指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which)( 一般不用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；不可置于介詞后作賓語(yǔ))女口：1. Do you know the gen tlema n that/who spoke just now?2. You can take anything ( that) you like.3. What is the questi on (that/which) they are talk ing about?4. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.5. Shes no Ion ger the girl ( that) she u

4、sed to be before. which:指物；在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)。如：1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very in teresti ng.3. The factory in which his father works is far from here. who, whom, whose:who:主格，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，在口語(yǔ)或非正式用法中作賓語(yǔ)；只可指人whom:賓格，在從句中作賓

5、語(yǔ)；只可指人whose:屬格，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，可指人也可指物。1.1 like the stude nts who/that work hard.2. All who heard the story were amazed.(代詞女口 he, they, any, those, all, one 等后多用 who.)3. Hes a man from whom we should lear n. = Hes a man (whom/who/that) we should lear n from.4. A child whose pare nts are dead is called an or

6、pha n.5. Id like a room whose wi ndow faces south. =Id like a room of which the win dow faces south.=Id like a room the window of which faces south.關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)： （介詞 + whom / which ）關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中用作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí) , 介詞可放于從句之首 , 也可放于從句之末 . 但以放于句首較為正式 . （介詞前置，必須注意不影響動(dòng)詞詞組的含義。 ）1. This is the book for which you asked. =

7、This is the book （that/which） you asked for.2. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands ？= Do you know the person （whom/who/that） I shook hands with?3. Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week?4. Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week?5. This is the girl who

8、m they are looking after.（介詞 after 與 look 構(gòu)成固定詞組，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, takecare of 等 ）as 的用法 :（as 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 , 在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ) ）1如為限制性的，多用于 the same as ; the same as such as ;as many/much as; so as 等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如： 1.1 have the same book as you （have）.我有一本和你的一樣的書。2. .-Why didnt you mention that in

9、face of the police just now?- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.3. Dont do such things as you are not sure about. 比較： I live in the same house that he used to live in.Im wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.比較： Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定語(yǔ)從

10、句）Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it. （結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）2如為非限制性的，多單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，這種定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，句中或句尾，譯為”正如，這一點(diǎn)”。（動(dòng)詞常為 know, see, expect, point out, etc. ）As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health . （as 作賓語(yǔ) ）=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to ones health .（ as 作主語(yǔ)）=Its known to all that s

11、moking is harmful to ones health .=Smoking is harmful to ones health, as we all know . （ as 作賓語(yǔ)）=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one health.He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent.（賓語(yǔ) , 先行詞是前面整個(gè)句子 ）川.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句：When 指時(shí)間， 在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 其先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞 （如： time, day, week, tear, month, etc. ）

12、 He camelast night when I was out.We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.注意：先行詞為 時(shí)間名詞 ，可用 when 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句， when 在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)；還可以用 which 或 that 引 導(dǎo)， which或 that 在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。比較：1. I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army. （作狀語(yǔ)）2. I still remember

13、 the days which/that we spent together. （作賓語(yǔ)）3. I shall never forget the day when Shen ZhouVwas launched, which has a great effect on my life.Where 指地點(diǎn)， 在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。 其先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞， 如： place, school, factory, room, etc. This is theplace where I was born.I live in the room where /in which he used to li

14、ve.注意：先行詞是 地點(diǎn)名詞 ，定語(yǔ)從句可用 where 引導(dǎo)，還可用 which 或 that 引導(dǎo)， which/that 在從句中作主語(yǔ) 或賓語(yǔ)。比較 : 1. This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （作狀語(yǔ)）2. I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.3. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where hes likely to lose c

15、ontrol of the plane.4. This is the park which/that they visited last year. （作賓語(yǔ)） Why 指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。先行詞為 reason 時(shí)，可用 for which 指代；當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句中作 主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，則用 which 或 that 引導(dǎo)。如：1. The reason why / for which / （that） he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill.2. I dont believe the reason （that/which） he

16、 gave me. （作賓語(yǔ)）3. Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? （作主語(yǔ)）當(dāng)先行詞為 way 時(shí)， the way 在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句常用that, in which, 或 how 引導(dǎo)， that ?？梢允÷?。the way 在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，則用 which 或 that 引導(dǎo)。如 :This is the way （that） /in which I do such things. 比較 : Please do the experiment in the way （ that/whi

17、ch ） I have shownyou.IV .限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：1. 形式上，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句往往用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。2. 語(yǔ)法上，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般不用 that.3. 語(yǔ)義上，限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系緊密，起限定作用，如果去掉了這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，整個(gè)句子就不完整或 者會(huì)改變意思；而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系不是很緊密，對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或描述的作用。This is the book I like best.這就是我最喜歡的那本書。Beijing, which has been Chinas capital for more than 800 years, is rich

18、 in cultural and historic relics.北京是中國(guó)八百年之久的古都，它有著豐富的文化和歷史遺產(chǎn)。4. 翻譯時(shí)，限制性定語(yǔ)從句可譯為一句 （較短的一般譯為 的字結(jié)構(gòu)）；而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可譯為兩句。 （見(jiàn) 上句翻譯）比較 : He has a sister, who is a musician.He has a sister who is a musician. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞，指人時(shí)用 who, whom, whose , 指物時(shí)用 which ,whose; 關(guān)系副詞 when， where, why, etc.1. He studied hard

19、at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.2. Toms father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.V.幾個(gè)易混淆的關(guān)系代詞的比較： that & which: 在定語(yǔ)從句中， which 和 that 在指代事物時(shí)，一般可以互換使用，但并非在任何情況下都是這樣，這里介紹宜用 that, 而不宜用 which 的情況 .1先行詞為不定代詞 ,all, much, something, everything, anythi

20、ng, nothing, none, the one 等,1.We should do all that is useful to the people .2.Theres nothing that can be said about it .3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?2先行詞被 only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of 等詞修飾時(shí)。1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.2.Thats the very word tha

21、t is wrongly used.3. The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works. 比較 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year. 先行詞是序數(shù)詞時(shí)或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake

22、.2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term. 先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。1.This is the best that can be done now.2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.5先行詞既有人又有物，用which 和 who 都不適合，這時(shí)宜用that.女口：1. The writer and his novel that you have

23、just talked about is really well known .2. The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.6被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時(shí) .1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .7如果有兩個(gè)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which ,另一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞宜用 that，以避免語(yǔ)言的單調(diào)或重復(fù)。Ed

24、ison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.8疑問(wèn)詞是 who 或 which，關(guān)系代詞宜用 that，以避免重復(fù)。1. Which is the book that you like best?2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?9主句是 There be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主句的定語(yǔ)從句宜用 that 作關(guān)系代詞 . 如：1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still f

25、ree.10被修飾成分為表語(yǔ)時(shí)，或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語(yǔ)從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)，該關(guān)系代詞宜用 that .1. Thats a good book that will help you a lot.2. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .定語(yǔ)從句中宜用 which 而不宜用 that 的情況 :1當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞的前面有介詞時(shí).1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.2.Is this the room in wh

26、ich Mr. White lives?2在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中 .1. Crusoes dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .2. More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming popular in our country. (which 指代主句 )3在一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞用了that,另一個(gè)宜用 which .1. Let me show you the novel that I borrowe

27、d from the library which was newly open to us.4當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面帶有插入語(yǔ)時(shí).1. Heres the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.5先行詞本身是 that, 宜用 which .Whats that which she is looking at?6先行詞是 those+復(fù)數(shù)名詞.A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.(B) who & that

28、:who 和 that 指代人時(shí)，有些情況宜用 who, 而不宜用 that先行詞為 anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people 時(shí) . 如：1.The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.2.Anyone who (=Whoever) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason .3.Those who are not fit for the

29、ir work should leave office at once.在 There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句宜用關(guān)系代詞 who 指代人 . 如：1.There is a gentleman who wants to see you .2.There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses. 當(dāng)先行詞有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)時(shí) . 如：1. I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon wh

30、o could speak Chinese very well. as & which:as & which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：位置的不同：which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句只置于所限制的句子后； as 位置較靈活，也就是說(shuō) as 可置于所限制的句子前面；插在 句子中或放在句子后。如：1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.2. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或 Jack is an honest man , as you know.或 As you know,

31、 Jack is an honest man.先行詞的不同：as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其先行詞多為一個(gè)句子；which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞，一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)句子。1. She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.2. He was proud, which I dislike very much. (先行詞是一個(gè)句子)3. He is an honest man, as is known to all.3as 一般譯為”正如就像”，”這一點(diǎn)”as we all kno

32、w ； as you know; as is known to all; as you see; as we can see; as has been expected; as we have imagined. 一、單項(xiàng)選擇1. The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2. Do you know the man _ ?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3. Th

33、is is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4. Do you know the year _ the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5. That is the day _ Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6. Th

34、e factory _ well visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which8._ This is one of the best films.A. that have been shown this yearB. that have shownC. that has been shown this yearD. that you talked9._ Can you lend me the book the other day?A. about which you talkedB.

35、 which you talkedC. about that you talkedD. that you talked10._The pen he is writing is mine.A. with whichB. in whichC. on whichD. by which11._ They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of sat a smallboy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12._ The engineermy father works is about 50 years old.A. to whomB. o

36、n whomC. with whichD. with whom13.It there anyone in your class _ family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. whichD. whose15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. whichB. who C. what D. as16._ He isnt such a manhe used to be.A. whoB. whomC. that D. as17._He is good at English,we a

37、ll know.A. thatB. as C. whom D. what20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. whichB. that C. whom D. what21.The letter is from my sister, _ is working in Beijing.A. whichB. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _ are women.A.

38、 themB. whichC. whom D. who24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now.A. whose titleB. its titleC. the title of itD. the title of that27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; whichB. which; when C. what; thatD. on which; when30._ This machine,for many y

39、ears, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have lookedB. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked afterD. I have looked after31._ The reason _ he didnt come washe was ill.A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; that D. for which; what32._ He is working hard,will make him pass the final e

40、xam.A. that B. whichC. for which D. who33._ That is not the way I do it.A./ B. which C. for which D. with which34.I have two grammars, _are of great use.A. all of whichB. either of whichC. both of thatD. both of which39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes.A. /B. why C. when D. whose40. Sm

41、oking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; isC. own; isD. own; are45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. thatB. /C. whichD. itEX1 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空 .1.I will never forget the day _ I first

42、went to school.I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing.2. The house _ we visited is being repaired now.The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.Ex3 選擇適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空，注意非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和單句的比較。1.I am reading Harry Porter, _ is an interesting book.2._ He failed in the exam.made his parents angry.3.

43、_ He failed in the exam,made his parents angry.4._ He has two sons. Both of are teachers.5._ He has two sons, both of are teachers.Ex6: 介詞 +關(guān)系代詞的使用1.Do you like the book2.Do you like the book3.Do you like the book4.Do you like the book5.He dug a hole請(qǐng)分析一下定語(yǔ)從句： （ 請(qǐng)劃出定語(yǔ)從句，并標(biāo)出先行詞 ）1.Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.3.You couldnuntderstand people who talked fast.4.I have some ideas that may help you.5.They said something youdidnlitke.6.My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. 定語(yǔ)從句漢譯英練習(xí)：1、她就是那個(gè)努力學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)的女孩。2、他就是我們剛才談?wù)摰哪莻€(gè)人。3、這就