2022年2022年初中英語定語從句講解及練習(xí)

1、精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載一.定語從句及相關(guān)術(shù)語中學(xué)英語定語從句講解及練習(xí)精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載1.定語從句：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句,一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面；2.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞成為關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞；關(guān)系代詞有that、 which、 who、 whom、 whose、 as 等；關(guān)系副詞有where、 when、 why 等；關(guān)系詞常有3 個作用： 1,引導(dǎo)定語從句；2,代替先行詞；3,在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分；二.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1. who

2、 指人,在從句中做主語(1) the boys who are playing football are from class one.(2) yesterday i helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom 指人,在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語,?？墒÷裕?1) mr. liu is the person whom you talked about on the bus.(2) mr. ling is just the boy whom i want to see.留意：關(guān)系代詞whom 在口語和非正式語體中常用who 代替,可省略；(3) the man

3、who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which 指物,在定語從句中做主語或者賓語,做賓語時可省略(1) football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) this is the pen which he bought yesterday.4. that 指人時,相當(dāng)于who 或者 whom ；指物時,相當(dāng)于which ；在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語,做賓語時可省略；(5) the number of the people that/who come to visit the city each y

4、ear rises one million.(6) where is the man that/whom i saw this morning.5. whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定語從句中做定語(1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) i once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose 指物時,常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3) the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) the classroom the

5、door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) do you like the book whose cover is yellow.(6) do you like the book the color of which is yellow.三.介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時,從句常由介詞+ 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)(1) the school that/which he once studied in is very famous.(2) the school in which he once studied is v

6、ery famous.(3) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine that/which you asked for.(4) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) we'll go to hear the famous singer whom/that/who we have often talked about.(6) we'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.留

7、意： 1. 含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用,如：look for、 look after、 take care of 等(1) this is the watch which/that i am looking for. t(2) this is the watch for which i am looking. f2. 如介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前,關(guān)系代詞指人時用whom ,不行用 who 或者 that；指物時用 which ,不能用 that；關(guān)系代詞為全部格時用whose精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載(1) the man with whom you tal

8、ked is my friend. t(2) the man who/that you talked with is my friend. f(3) the plane in which we flew to canada is very comfortable. t(4) the plane in that we flew in to canada is very comfortable. f3. “介詞 +關(guān)系代詞 ”前可有 some、 any、 none、 both、 all、 neither、 most、 each、 few 等代詞或者數(shù)詞(1) he loved his parent

9、s deeply、 both of whom are very kind to him.(2) in the basket there are quite many apples、 some of which have gone bad.(3) there are forty students in our class in all、 most of whom are from big cities.解答 " 介詞 +關(guān)系代詞" 類型的定語從句題時,關(guān)鍵在于分析定語從句中的謂語動詞（該動詞為不及物動詞）習(xí)慣上常與什么介詞搭配使用；這就需要同學(xué)們在平常學(xué)習(xí)時要留意某些不及物動

10、詞和介詞慣用的情形,并要敏捷運(yùn)用；例如：in the dark street、 there wasn't a single person she could turn for help.a. that b. who c. from whom d. to whom簡析 :此題定語從句中的turn 與介詞to 構(gòu)成固定短語 "turn to sb. for help 向某人求助） " ；所以, d 為正確選項；四關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1. when 指時間,在定語從句中做時間狀語(1) i still remember the day when i first came

11、 to the school.(2) the time when we got together finally came.2. where 指地點(diǎn),在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(1) shanghai is the city where i was born.(2) the house where i lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why 指緣由,在定語從句中做緣由狀語(1) please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) i don't know the reason

12、why he looks unhappy today.留意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞 +關(guān)系代詞 ”引導(dǎo)的從句替換(1) the reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear、(2) from the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) great changes have taken place in the city in which/where i was

13、born.關(guān)系副詞 when、 where、 why 的含義相當(dāng)于 " 介詞 + which" 結(jié)構(gòu),因此經(jīng)常和" 介詞 + which" 結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,例如：there are occasions when on which one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候；beijing is the place where in which i was born.北京為我的誕生地；is this the reason why for which he refused our offer.這就為他拒絕我們幫忙他的理由嗎？五限制性定語從句和非

14、限制性定語從句限制性定語從句舉例：(1) the teacher told me that tom was the only person that i could depend on.(2) china is a country which has a long history.非限制性定語從句舉例：(1) his mother、 who loves him very much、 is strict with him.(2) china、 which was founded in 1949、 is becoming more and more powerful.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 -

15、- - 歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載要留意區(qū)分以下幾個句子的不同(1) his brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.他那當(dāng)醫(yī)生的哥哥常勉勵他要考上高校；（他仍有其他的哥哥）(2) his brother、 who is now a doctor、 always encourages him to go to college.他的哥哥為當(dāng)醫(yī)生的,常勉勵他要考上高校；（他只有一個哥哥）難點(diǎn)分析（一）限制性定語從句只能用that 的幾種情形1當(dāng)先行詞為anything、 everything、 nothin

16、g something除外 、 few、 all、 none、 little、 some等代詞時,或者為由 every、 any、 all、 some、 no、 little、 few、 much等修飾時(1) have you taken down everything that mr. li has said.(2) there seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) all that can be done has been done.(4) there is little that i can

17、 do for you.留意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時,有時也可以用who4 any man that/.who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing.2. 當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾1 the first place that they visited in london was the big ben.3. 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時1 this is the best film that i have seen.4. 當(dāng)形容詞被 the very、 the only 修飾時(1) this is the very dictionary that i

18、 want to buy、(2) after the fire in his house、 the old car is the only thing that he owned.當(dāng)先行詞指人時,有時也可以用who(3) wang hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/5. 當(dāng)先行詞前面有who、 which 等疑問代詞時(1) who is the man that is standing there.(2) which is the t-shirt that fits me most.6. 當(dāng)先行詞

19、既有人,也有動物或者物體時1 can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned.（二）關(guān)系代詞as 和 which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句as 和 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,有相同之處也有不同之處；詳細(xì)情形為：1 as 和 which 都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語,代表前面整個句子；(1) he married her、 as/which was natural.(2) he was honest、 as/which we can see.2. as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至

20、可以切割一個主句；which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后；另外,as 有“正如,正像”的意思(1) as is known to all、 china is a developing country.(2) he is from the south、 as we can see from his accent.(3) john、 as you know、 is a famous writer.(4) he has been to paris more than several times、 which i don't believe.留意：當(dāng)主句和從句存在規(guī)律上的因果關(guān)系時

21、,常用which(5) tom was always late for school、 which made his teacher angry.3. 當(dāng)先行次受such、 the same修飾時,常用as(1) i have never heard such a story as he tells.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載(2) he is not such a fool as he looks.(3) this is the same book as i lost last week.留意： 當(dāng)先行次由the same 修飾時, 有時也用 that 引

22、導(dǎo)定語從句, 但為和由 as 所引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思不同(4) she wore the same dress that she wore at mary's wedding.她穿著她在 mary 婚禮上穿過的一條裙子；(5) she wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子；（三）以 the way 為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which、 that 引導(dǎo),而且通?？梢允÷裕? the way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.四 but 有時也可以做關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句1 there are very few but understand his idea. but= who don't 五區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句 1定語從句修飾先行詞,它和先行詞為修飾關(guān)系；同位語從句說明先行詞的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容,