《【中考命題研究】（貴陽）2020中考英語 語法專題突破 專題十一 動詞的語態(tài)（無答案）》

1、專題十一動詞的語態(tài),貴陽五年中考命題規(guī)律考綱要求1.一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)2.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)3.一般將來時的被動語態(tài)考查點(diǎn)年份題號選項設(shè)置分值一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)202039plant/are_planted/will plant1分一般過去時的被動語態(tài)202039is invented/was_invented/were invented1分202087written/writtingwritten1分一般將來時的被動語態(tài)202037will hold/will_be_held/will be hold1分動詞語態(tài)為貴陽中考單項選擇題的必考點(diǎn)，且都與時態(tài)相結(jié)合，主要表現(xiàn)為一般現(xiàn)在時、一般

2、過去時、一般將來時。選項的設(shè)置均為一個動詞的兩種不同時態(tài)和不同語態(tài)。語境設(shè)置在近三年來很少出現(xiàn)明顯的時間狀語提示，需要分析語境才能判斷出選項。語句多為單句形式，詞數(shù)多為913。預(yù)計2020年貴陽中考的單項選擇題必定會出現(xiàn)一道題考查被動語態(tài)，并與時態(tài)相結(jié)合。,貴陽中考重難點(diǎn)突破【考點(diǎn)搶測】()1.chinese _ by more and more people from all over the world today.alearnblearned cis learned()2.today，computers are really helpful.they _ everywhere.ause

3、bare used cused()3.every year，more than 70，000，000 sharks _ for their fins(魚翅)awere killed bhave killedcare killed()4.the sport of basketball _ by more than 100 million people in over 200 countries.aplay bplayedcis played()5.when i called the bus service，i _ that there was no more bus.awas telling b

4、was toldchas told()6.a new club _ in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members.ais started bhas startedcwas started()7.the first earth day _ in 1970 to educate us to protect our planet.acelebrates bcelebratedcwas celebrated()8.alice _ some advice on how to improve her list

5、ening skills，and she gladly accepted miss green's.agave bwas given cgives()9.the task _ in an hour.then we can go home and have a good rest.awas finished bwill be finishedchas been finished()10.i'm sure that stricter rules _ to control smoking very soon.amade bwill makecwill be made【滿分點(diǎn)撥】1動詞

6、語態(tài)的分類英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。(1)主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。如：many people speak english there.那兒很多人說英語。(2)被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動詞的對象。如：chinese is spoken by many people.漢語被很多人說。(chinese是動詞speak的承受者)2被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be及物動詞的過去分詞(用done表示)”構(gòu)成。常見的4種時態(tài)的被動結(jié)構(gòu)如下：時態(tài)被動結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/aredonethis kind of car is made in china.這種車是中國

7、制造的。一般過去時was/weredonethe flying disk was invented by college students.這種飛碟游戲是大學(xué)生們發(fā)明的。一般將來時will/shallbedonethe bridge will be finished in a month.這座橋?qū)⒃谝粋€月內(nèi)竣工。情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞bedonetables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭制造。3.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法(1)圖示(2)口訣：賓變主，主變賓，謂語動詞用被動(3)變換步驟：將主動句的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。注意：如果主動句的賓語是代詞，需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲?。如：tom

8、killed himhe was killed by tom.湯姆殺了他。將動詞改為“be過去分詞”。注意：be動詞與新主語相一致，時態(tài)不變。如：they held a meeting yesterday.a meeting was_held by them yesterday.他們昨天開會了 。將主動語態(tài)的主語改為by放在謂語動詞后。注意：如果原主語是代詞，則應(yīng)由主格變?yōu)橘e格。如：he sang a song.a song was sung by_him他唱了一首歌。【方法突破】分析貴陽近5年考情發(fā)現(xiàn)，涉及語態(tài)的試題的選項中通常有兩個主動和兩個被動，并且有現(xiàn)在時態(tài)和過去時態(tài)。學(xué)生在做題時，可

9、從以下角度入手分析：判斷句子是主動語態(tài)還是被動語態(tài)讀懂句意，確定主語，判斷主語表示人還是物，主語是動作的執(zhí)行者還是承受者。一般人作主語時，謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)。當(dāng)主語為人時，需根據(jù)句意及謂語動詞判斷該動作是否是主語發(fā)出：若為主語發(fā)出，用主動語態(tài)；若不是主語發(fā)出，用被動語態(tài)。物作主語的時候，謂語動詞要用被動語態(tài)，由此可排除掉主動語態(tài)的選項。對于被動語態(tài)來說，試題主要是讓大家找出謂語動作的執(zhí)行者或承受者，這就要根據(jù)句子的意思進(jìn)行判斷，然后根據(jù)句中的時間狀語做出正確選擇。確定句子的時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的使用離不開時態(tài)，所以應(yīng)根據(jù)句中的時間狀語、上下文的暗示或發(fā)生動作的時態(tài)來分析判斷應(yīng)使用哪種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。再

10、結(jié)合句意給出的時間狀語或已發(fā)生動作的時態(tài)，選取對應(yīng)的時態(tài)。4常見主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)(1)含有雙賓語(即直接賓語和間接賓語)的句子，多把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語不變。如：jack told us the truth.we were told the truth by jack.杰克告訴了我們真相。(2)主動語態(tài)中有些感官動詞(如：hear，see，watch，notice等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要把不定式符號to還原。即：hear(see) sb.do sth.sb. be heard(seen) to do sth.如：we heard the gir

11、l play the piano in the music classroom.the girl was heard to play the piano in the music classroom.我們聽見那女孩在音樂教室彈鋼琴。(3)主動語態(tài)中有些使役動詞(如：make，let等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，同樣要把不定式符號to還原。即：make sb.do sth.sb. be made to do sth.如：the teacher makes his students do much homework every day.his students are made to do much homework by the teacher every day.那位老師讓他的學(xué)生每天做很多家庭作業(yè)。5不能使用被動結(jié)構(gòu)的情況(1)連系動詞，如：look，feel，smell等，以主動形式表示被動含義。如：the flower smells sweet.這花聞起來很香。(2)有些動詞的主動形式表被動含義，如：need doing(需要做某事)，be wor