《【中考命題研究】（貴陽(yáng)）2020中考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法專題突破 專題十一 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)（無(wú)答案）》

1、專題十一動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài),貴陽(yáng)五年中考命題規(guī)律考綱要求1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考查點(diǎn)年份題號(hào)選項(xiàng)設(shè)置分值一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)202039plant/are_planted/will plant1分一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)202039is invented/was_invented/were invented1分202087written/writtingwritten1分一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)202037will hold/will_be_held/will be hold1分動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)為貴陽(yáng)中考單項(xiàng)選擇題的必考點(diǎn)，且都與時(shí)態(tài)相結(jié)合，主要表現(xiàn)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般

2、過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)。選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置均為一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的兩種不同時(shí)態(tài)和不同語(yǔ)態(tài)。語(yǔ)境設(shè)置在近三年來(lái)很少出現(xiàn)明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提示，需要分析語(yǔ)境才能判斷出選項(xiàng)。語(yǔ)句多為單句形式，詞數(shù)多為913。預(yù)計(jì)2020年貴陽(yáng)中考的單項(xiàng)選擇題必定會(huì)出現(xiàn)一道題考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，并與時(shí)態(tài)相結(jié)合。,貴陽(yáng)中考重難點(diǎn)突破【考點(diǎn)搶測(cè)】()1.chinese _ by more and more people from all over the world today.alearnblearned cis learned()2.today，computers are really helpful.they _ everywhere.ause

3、bare used cused()3.every year，more than 70，000，000 sharks _ for their fins(魚(yú)翅)awere killed bhave killedcare killed()4.the sport of basketball _ by more than 100 million people in over 200 countries.aplay bplayedcis played()5.when i called the bus service，i _ that there was no more bus.awas telling b

4、was toldchas told()6.a new club _ in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members.ais started bhas startedcwas started()7.the first earth day _ in 1970 to educate us to protect our planet.acelebrates bcelebratedcwas celebrated()8.alice _ some advice on how to improve her list

5、ening skills，and she gladly accepted miss green's.agave bwas given cgives()9.the task _ in an hour.then we can go home and have a good rest.awas finished bwill be finishedchas been finished()10.i'm sure that stricter rules _ to control smoking very soon.amade bwill makecwill be made【滿分點(diǎn)撥】1動(dòng)詞

6、語(yǔ)態(tài)的分類英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(1)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如：many people speak english there.那兒很多人說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。(2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)詞的對(duì)象。如：chinese is spoken by many people.漢語(yǔ)被很多人說(shuō)。(chinese是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者)2被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(用done表示)”構(gòu)成。常見(jiàn)的4種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)如下：時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/aredonethis kind of car is made in china.這種車是中國(guó)

7、制造的。一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/weredonethe flying disk was invented by college students.這種飛碟游戲是大學(xué)生們發(fā)明的。一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shallbedonethe bridge will be finished in a month.這座橋?qū)⒃谝粋€(gè)月內(nèi)竣工。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞bedonetables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭制造。3.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法(1)圖示(2)口訣：賓變主，主變賓，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)(3)變換步驟：將主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)。注意：如果主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)是代詞，需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲瘛Ｈ纾簍om

8、killed himhe was killed by tom.湯姆殺了他。將動(dòng)詞改為“be過(guò)去分詞”。注意：be動(dòng)詞與新主語(yǔ)相一致，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：they held a meeting yesterday.a meeting was_held by them yesterday.他們昨天開(kāi)會(huì)了 。將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)改為by放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后。注意：如果原主語(yǔ)是代詞，則應(yīng)由主格變?yōu)橘e格。如：he sang a song.a song was sung by_him他唱了一首歌?！痉椒ㄍ黄啤糠治鲑F陽(yáng)近5年考情發(fā)現(xiàn)，涉及語(yǔ)態(tài)的試題的選項(xiàng)中通常有兩個(gè)主動(dòng)和兩個(gè)被動(dòng)，并且有現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。學(xué)生在做題時(shí)，可

9、從以下角度入手分析：判斷句子是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)讀懂句意，確定主語(yǔ)，判斷主語(yǔ)表示人還是物，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者還是承受者。一般人作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為人時(shí)，需根據(jù)句意及謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞判斷該動(dòng)作是否是主語(yǔ)發(fā)出：若為主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；若不是主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。物作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，由此可排除掉主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的選項(xiàng)。對(duì)于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)說(shuō)，試題主要是讓大家找出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或承受者，這就要根據(jù)句子的意思進(jìn)行判斷，然后根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)做出正確選擇。確定句子的時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用離不開(kāi)時(shí)態(tài)，所以應(yīng)根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、上下文的暗示或發(fā)生動(dòng)作的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)分析判斷應(yīng)使用哪種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。再

10、結(jié)合句意給出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或已發(fā)生動(dòng)作的時(shí)態(tài)，選取對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。4常見(jiàn)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)(1)含有雙賓語(yǔ)(即直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ))的句子，多把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)不變。如：jack told us the truth.we were told the truth by jack.杰克告訴了我們真相。(2)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中有些感官動(dòng)詞(如：hear，see，watch，notice等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要把不定式符號(hào)to還原。即：hear(see) sb.do sth.sb. be heard(seen) to do sth.如：we heard the gir

11、l play the piano in the music classroom.the girl was heard to play the piano in the music classroom.我們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)那女孩在音樂(lè)教室彈鋼琴。(3)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中有些使役動(dòng)詞(如：make，let等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，同樣要把不定式符號(hào)to還原。即：make sb.do sth.sb. be made to do sth.如：the teacher makes his students do much homework every day.his students are made to do much homework by the teacher every day.那位老師讓他的學(xué)生每天做很多家庭作業(yè)。5不能使用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的情況(1)連系動(dòng)詞，如：look，feel，smell等，以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。如：the flower smells sweet.這花聞起來(lái)很香。(2)有些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義，如：need doing(需要做某事)，be wor