初中英語句子成分詳解

1、英語句子成分the students of class two are seriously reading the book written by lu xun>按句子成分劃分，此句為：the students of class two are seriously reading the book written by lu xun.（主語）（定語）（謂語）（狀語）（謂語）（賓語）（定語）按意群劃分，此句為：the students of class two are seriously readin父 the book written by lu xun一、英語各種成分的基本含義及用法（

2、一）、主語主語是全句談?wù)摰闹行脑掝}。我們在說一句話的時(shí)候，首先要明確我們講的是“哪個(gè) 人"？或者是一件“什么事''？或者是一件“什么物體"，等。這些代表“哪個(gè)人”、“什么事”、 “什么物體”等的部分就是句子的主語。主語是指句子的某個(gè)部分，它可能是一個(gè)詞，也可能是一個(gè)詞組，還有可能是一個(gè)從 句，甚至一句話中會(huì)有幾個(gè)并列的主語等等。所以，英語中很多詞類（或詞組、從句）都可以 做主語。另外，英語中還有一種特殊的主語形式叫“形式主語匕例如：itthat.句式等。1. peter is a well-known pianist.（名詞作主語）2. twothirds

3、of the students are boys in our school.（數(shù)詞詞組作主語）3. he likes reading storybooks.（代詞作主語）4. to swim in kunming lake is a great pleasure（不定式短語作主語）5. what we shall do next is not yet decided.（從句作主語）6. it took us two hours to travel around the city by subway.（it是形式主語,to travel.部分是真正的主語）請指出下列句中主語的中心詞。1. th

4、e teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom.2. there is a bird flying in the sky.3. the useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.4. it is very difficult to do today*s homework without your help（二）、謂語在明確了主語后，我們再來說謂語。謂語是用來回答、說明、解釋主語“做什么”、“是什么”、“怎么樣”等的部分。英語句子中，除少數(shù)情況外，謂語必須

5、是動(dòng)詞。而且，除了倒 裝等特殊情況外，謂語的位置相對來說是固定的，它總是位于主語的后面。1. his parents are teachers.（系動(dòng)詞和表語一起作謂語）2. we study hard.（行為動(dòng)詞作謂語）3. we have finished reading the book.（助動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞一起作謂語）4. he can speak english.（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞一起作謂語）請選出下列句中謂語的中心詞。1.1 don't like the picture on the wall.2. the days get longer and longer when s

6、ummer comes.3. do you usually go to school by bus?4. did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?5. what i want to tell you is this.（三）、賓語從語法角度說，及物動(dòng)詞后面要接賓語（介詞后也有賓語）。從意義上來說，賓語是動(dòng) 作的對象、目標(biāo)。賓語是對謂語動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)一步說明和解釋。1. we often help him.（代詞作賓語）2. he likes to play basketball.（不定式作賓語）3. we enjoy listening to t

7、he music.（動(dòng)名詞短語作賓語）4. she said that she felt sick.（從句做賓語）the sun gives us light and warmth （us 為間接賓語 light and warmth 為直接賓語）1、間接賓語多指人，直接賓語多指物?？梢詭蓚€(gè)賓語的動(dòng)詞有：bring, give, show, send, pass, tell 等。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語的前面。2、如果強(qiáng)調(diào)直接賓語，可把直接賓語放在間接賓語的前面，但間接賓語前須加介詞"to- 或 “for"。接 to 的動(dòng)詞有:give, bring, pass, len

8、d, sell, send, show, tell, write 等。give your mother the letter. =give the letter to your mother.直接賓語間接賓語接 for 的動(dòng)詞有:buy，find, cook, draw, get, sing 等。can you find me my bag? =can you find m、bag for me?直接賓語間接賓語這正是：人前物后看清楚，換位要加for或to。請?zhí)舫鱿铝芯渲械馁e語。1 my brother hasn't done his homework.2. people all ov

9、er the world speak english.3. how many new words did you learn last class?4. the old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.5. you will find it useful after you leave school請劃出下列句中的直接賓語和間接賓語。1. please tell us a story.2. my father bought a new computer for me last week.3. mr. brown is going to teach

10、 us chemistry next term.4. could you please pass the pen to tom?5. did he leave any message for me?（四）、賓語補(bǔ)足語現(xiàn)在一般認(rèn)為，賓語補(bǔ)足語是對賓語進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的補(bǔ)充說明。賓語補(bǔ)足語主要與英語及物 動(dòng)詞有關(guān)。這個(gè)問題我想分兩點(diǎn)來說明。1、英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞，不但會(huì)涉及到一個(gè)對象（賓語），還會(huì)使賓語產(chǎn)生一種結(jié)果。動(dòng)詞 引發(fā)賓語的結(jié)果就是賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如：we call him little tom.（稱呼的對象是him,稱呼的結(jié)果是little tom. little tom就是賓語 補(bǔ)足語。）th

11、ey made her happy, （make使her怎么樣了？ happy作進(jìn)一步的補(bǔ)充說明，那么happy是補(bǔ)語。）i find smoking bad for health, （find 的對象是 smoking,結(jié)論是 bad for health.）這一類帶賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：（把看成）regard, see；（把當(dāng)成）treat, take；（3）（把認(rèn)為是） consider, look up, refer to, accept, acknowledge ； （4）（把描述為） describe, use, show, organize, express 等。2、英語中表示看、

12、聽之類的動(dòng)詞，不僅看到一個(gè)人（賓語），還會(huì)看到他在做什么事。賓語 所做的事也是賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如：i saw a bird in a cage.（看到小鳥在籠子里，“在籠子里”是賓語補(bǔ)足語。）we heard her singing a song.（聽到她在唱歌，“在唱歌”是賓語補(bǔ)足語。）這一類帶賓語補(bǔ)足語動(dòng)詞有：see, hear, notice, watch, feel, observe 等。請找出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語。1. he asked her to take the boy to the doctor's.2. she found it difficult to finish

13、 the work today.3. we call her lily sometimes4.1 saw jerry get on the bus.5. did you hear anyone crying outside the door just now?補(bǔ)充說明：i'm going to paint it pink.句子中的it顯然是賓語。但是主語將要做的并不是it,而是paint it pinko pink是句子 中的賓語補(bǔ)足語。它和賓語之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，也就是說從邏輯上來講，是執(zhí)行了 paint的動(dòng)作。句子中的pink是形容詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語。能夠充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的還有賓語補(bǔ)足語的

14、大致有：不定 式，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞，形容詞，副詞，介賓短語等。一般情況下，賓補(bǔ)通常緊跟在賓 語之后。比如：i find learning english difficult.（difficult 是形容詞做賓補(bǔ)）i saw the kite up and down, （up and down 是副詞做賓補(bǔ)）tom made the girl cry. （cry是省略不定式符號to的動(dòng)詞不定式）*常跟復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有：ca兒name,make,think,find,leave,keep,nominate（任命）,choose,elect（選舉）,define（定義）,regard, see,

15、recognize,treat, take,consider, look up, refer to, accept, acknowledge,describe,depict（描述）,represent（表現(xiàn)出）,declare（宣稱）,denounce, employ（雇傭），use, show, organize, express（五）、表語英語有一類動(dòng)詞叫系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞是側(cè)重于表示人或事物狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)的動(dòng)詞，它沒有明顯的外觀的動(dòng)作形式，例如：be （am/is/are）（是）,get（變得）,sound（聽起來）,look, seem（看起來）,feel（感到）等等。與系動(dòng)詞連用的部分叫“系

16、表結(jié)構(gòu)”，“表”就是“表語”的意思。注意：系表 結(jié)構(gòu)合起來共同組成謂語，來說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)等。例如：i am a teacher （系動(dòng)詞 am + 表語 a teacher）they are on the playground now> （系動(dòng)詞 are + 表語 on the playground.）it sounds interesting, （sound 為系動(dòng)詞，interesting 為表語）請劃出下列句中的表語。1. the leaves have turned yellow.2. she was the first to learn about it.3. the o

17、ld man is feeling better now.4. why is mrs. smith worried about her son?5. the kids are really interested in joining the chess club.（六）、定語定語是修飾名詞或代詞，說明人或事物的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、數(shù)量等的詞。請記?。憾ㄕZ最關(guān) 鍵的一點(diǎn)是，定語是用來修飾、限定人和事物（即名詞）特點(diǎn)的成分。動(dòng)詞不可能有定語，形 容詞也沒有。一般情況下，定語可以是一個(gè)詞，也可能是幾個(gè)詞或一個(gè)詞組，也可能是一 個(gè)從句（定語從句）。例如：the black bike is mine.（單個(gè)的詞

18、作定語）the office is ten minutes' walk from here.（詞組作定語）this is a book which tells about rocket technology.（從句作定語）英語中定語的位置可以在名詞前面，也可以在名詞后面，特別是放在名詞后面的定語, 與中文習(xí)慣不同，同學(xué)們要注意分辨清楚。he works in a shoe factory.this is my book, not your book.is there anything important in today's newspaper?the boy, tired,

19、hungry and thirst、; fell down on the beach.請劃出下列句中的定語。1. what is your family name?2. the boy in blue is tom.3. the man downstairs was trying to sleep.4 i am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor5. there are five boys who will play the game.（七）、狀語上面說了，定語是說明名詞特點(diǎn)、性質(zhì)的，而狀語則是說明動(dòng)詞如何如何的，例如：動(dòng) 作在什么時(shí)間發(fā)生

20、，什么地點(diǎn)發(fā)生，什么條件下發(fā)生，為什么目的發(fā)生，等等。狀語的核 心是：狀語是修飾動(dòng)詞的，只有動(dòng)詞才有狀語。一般來說，狀語的位置比較靈活，它可以放在句子的任何位置，可以放在句首、句中或 者句末，而不一定是緊跟在動(dòng)詞的前后位置。我們在翻譯的時(shí)候，要視具體情況而定。同 樣，狀語可以是一個(gè)單詞，也可以是幾個(gè)單詞或詞組，也可以是一個(gè)狀語從句。例如： we often help him（often 副詞，位置在 help 前面。）i really don't like the food.（也可以說：i don't like the food really.）（注意狀語 really 的位

21、置。）he did his homework carefully at home, （carefully 副詞；at home 是詞組，位置都在 did 后 面° ）when i grow up, i am going to be a teacher, （when從句是時(shí)間狀語，在句首；to be是目的 狀語。）請劃岀下列句中的狀語。1. there was a big smile on her face.2. every night he practices playing the piano.3. we must work hard to pass the exam4. she

22、loves the library because she loves books.5. he began to learn english when he was eleven利用口訣綜述以上內(nèi)容：主在前、謂在中，賓語、狀語后面沖。短語定語主賓后，形、 代定語主賓前。間賓直賓緊相依，直、間之間to、for連。賓補(bǔ)位于賓語后，地狀常在時(shí) 狀前。二、句子成分的劃分句子成分構(gòu)成了英語中各式各樣的句子。句子用詞準(zhǔn)確、合乎語法規(guī)范是一篇文章最 起碼的要求。英語句子雖然千變?nèi)f化，但就一個(gè)簡單句來說，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)不外乎以下五種:序號漢語名稱英語名稱簡稱1主語+謂語subject + verbs v2主語+謂

23、語+表語subject + verb + predicativesvp3主語+謂語+賓語subject + verb + objects v 04主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語subject + verb + indirect object +direct objects v oiod5主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ) 足語subject + verb + object +complements v 0c6there be 句型group onel mr. green swims every summer2. mr. green can swim across the river.3. mr. gre

24、en can swim and swims every summer.分析：本組句子都是“主+謂”結(jié)構(gòu)(s + vi.)o其中第1句是簡單謂語，第2句是復(fù)合謂語, 第3句是并列謂語。group two1. mr. spun is our english teacher.2. he seems to know everything.3. his hair turned gray.分析：本組句子都是“主+謂+表”結(jié)構(gòu)，也叫做“主+系+表”結(jié)構(gòu)(s + link v. + p)o 英語中常見的系動(dòng)詞有:(1)表狀態(tài)的be； (2)表“看(聽/聞/摸)起來”的look, seem, appear, s

25、ound, smell, feel 等；(3)表示變化的 become, turn, get, fall, go 等；(4)表示 保持的keep, stay, remain等。在系動(dòng)詞后作表語的主要是形容詞、名詞、介詞短語、 非謂語動(dòng)詞，以及少數(shù)副詞等也可作表語。group threel fve just got a copv of this book.2. do you want to read this book?3. fii finish reading the book overnight.4. we often talk about good books.5.1 think this

26、 book is well worth reading.分析：本組句子都是“主+謂+賓”結(jié)構(gòu)（s + vt + o）。英語中的及物動(dòng)詞（皿）和介詞后通常要接賓語，不及物動(dòng)詞（吃）不可直接帶賓語；充當(dāng)賓語的常有：名詞、代詞 （賓格）、不定式、動(dòng)名詞和賓語從句。group four1. we call him mr white.2. we would like him to teach us.3. he makes his lessons lively and interesting.4. we think it out duty to serve in the army.5. the situa

27、tion makes it necessary that our product should be improved.分析：本組句子都是“主+謂+復(fù)合賓語濱語+賓補(bǔ)）”結(jié)構(gòu)。賓補(bǔ)用于補(bǔ)充說明賓語干什 么、是什么、怎么樣，故賓語和賓補(bǔ)有邏輯上的主謂或主表關(guān)系；充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的主要 是形容詞，名詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞，以及個(gè)別副詞也可作補(bǔ)語。注意：當(dāng)不定式或從句作賓語，又需接補(bǔ)語時(shí)，要用it放在賓語的位置作形式賓語，將作 賓語的不定式或從句移到補(bǔ)語的后面，如本組的第4句和第5句。group five1. jennifer teaches us english,2. today he gave me

28、 some pood advice on english study and i bought him a gift,分析：本組句子都是“主+謂+雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）”。表示人的間接賓語通常放在 表示物的直接賓語的前面，若要將間接賓語放到直接賓語的后面，需要加介詞to或 for,如本組第2句可改寫為：today he gave some good advice on english study to me and i bought a gift for him.分析下列句子成分。1. the teacher got very angry.2. last night i wrote a

29、letter3 the boy told me his story.4. we watched the train leaving the station*5. he often goes somewhere beautiful and quiet on vacation.用括號內(nèi)所提示的基本句型將下列句子譯成英語。1. 你的故事聽起來很有趣。（主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語）2. 我妹妹是在農(nóng)村長大的。（主語+謂語）3. 他因?yàn)檐囎娱_得太快而違反了交通規(guī)則。（主語+謂語+賓語）4. 下學(xué)期誰教你們生物？（主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語）5他總是把他的臥室收拾得干干凈凈。（主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語）三

30、、對各種句子成分提問1、對主語提問：cindy reviews her english lessons in the reading-room every evening.f who reviews his english lessons in the reading-room every evening?2、對謂語提問：cindy reviews her english lessons in the reading-room every evening.f what does cindy do in the reading-room every evening?3、對賓語提問：cindy r

31、eviews her english lessons in the reading-room every evening.f what does cindy review in the reading-room every evening?4、對定語提問：cindy reviews her english lessons in the reading-room every evening.f what lessons does cindy review in the readingroom every evening?5、對狀語提問：cindy reviews her english less

32、ons in the readinyroom every eveningf when does cindy review her english lessons in the reading-room?where does cindy review her english lessons every evening?6、對表語提問：the teacher's office is on the second floor. f which is the teachers office?7、對定語提問：the teachers office is on the second floor f whose office is on the second floor?教給大家一個(gè)歌謠，幫助你們記住句子的主要成分。句子成分很重要，七大名稱莫混 淆。主語、謂語是主體，還有賓、定、補(bǔ)、狀、表。i. 請指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分。1