新版譯林9Aunit1_4_語法復(fù)習(xí)教(學(xué))案

1、.9A unit1-4 Grammar Review教師張敏學(xué)生姓名陳雪潔上課日期2016-1-9學(xué)科英語年級初三備課時間2016/1/5-8類型一對一學(xué)案主題9A unit1-4語法復(fù)習(xí)排課時段90 分鐘1. 連接詞教學(xué)目標(biāo)2. 賓語從句3. 定語從句9A unit1-4語法復(fù)習(xí)1. 連接詞1) and， but, or, so的用法And “和，又”表并列，順承或增補。But“但是”表轉(zhuǎn)折（ however “然而，但是”,連接句子得用“， ”隔開）or “或者”表選擇；也表示否則，不然so “因此，所以”表因果，常用來連接兩個簡單句2 ）bothand“兩者都 ”謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)Not o

2、nlybut also“不僅 而且 ”強調(diào)后者，就進(jìn)Eitheror“要么 . 要么 ”兩者選一，就進(jìn)教學(xué)過程備注Neithernor“既不 也不 ”就進(jìn)原則2. 賓語從句注意！賓語從句小口訣：賓語從句三注意，時態(tài)語序引導(dǎo)詞；主句一般現(xiàn)在時，從句不需受限制；主句一般過去時，從句須用相應(yīng)時；陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化that引，一般疑問句用if/whether,特殊問句疑問詞，引導(dǎo)詞后陳述式。1) 概念 : 在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語的從句叫賓語從句，賓語從句可作謂語動詞的賓語，也可做介詞的賓語。.下載可編輯 .eg,He said he was good at drawing. (動詞賓語 )He asks him ho

3、w long Mike has been down . (動詞賓語 )Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介詞賓語 )2). 連接詞(1) . 陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時，引導(dǎo)詞用that, 口語中常常省略。e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us.注意 ： that不能省略的情況A當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是that時。He says that that is a useful book.B. 當(dāng)賓語從句為主從復(fù)合句時I m afraid that if you ve lost it, you mus

4、t pay for it.C.當(dāng)兩個或多個賓語從句由并列連詞連接時，除第一個從句中的that可以省略外，其余從句中的that都可以省略。He said (that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeingit very much.(2).以 whether或 if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,主要用來引導(dǎo)一般疑問句意思或選擇疑問句意思的賓語從句，從句同樣是陳述語序eg, I wonder if /whether you have told the news to Li Lei .注意：一般情況下，whether和 if可以互用，但有些

5、情況例外。a.當(dāng)從句做介詞的賓于是只用whether不用 ifeg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic.b. 引導(dǎo)詞與動詞不定式或 not 連用時， 只用 whether. eg, Please let me know what to do next.Could you tell me whether u go or not?c. if當(dāng)如果講時， 引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句，這時不能用 whether.(3).特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時，引導(dǎo)詞用特殊疑問詞；引導(dǎo)詞后要用陳述句語序。E.g. Could you tell m

6、e what's the matterwrong with you?特殊情況 ：當(dāng) do you think后接特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時，句式結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為引導(dǎo)詞 do you think陳述句語序。3). 賓語從句時態(tài)(1).當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，一般將來時或祈使句時，從句不受主句的限制，根據(jù)自身的需要選用相應(yīng)的時態(tài)。例如：Do you know （ if/whether he has seen the film）?(2). 當(dāng)主句是一般過去時，從句要用過去時的相應(yīng)時態(tài)。例如：I didn't know（ if/whether he had seen the film.）.下載可編

7、輯 .注意 ：當(dāng)主句是一般過去時，而從句表示的是客觀真理，自然現(xiàn)象，科學(xué)原理，格言等，從句仍然要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：He said（that the earth moves round the sun.）The teacher told us（ that light travels much faster than sound.）4).人稱的變化和標(biāo)點的使用(1).從句的主語如果是第一人稱，變?yōu)橘e語從句則與主句的主語一致；如果是第二人稱，則與主句的賓語一致；如果是第三人稱，不用變化。如：“May I use your knife？” He asked me.He aske d me if he

8、 might use my knife.“Do you know her telephone number？” He asked me. He asked me if I know her telephone number.(2).賓語從句的標(biāo)點均由主句決定。主句是陳述句， 用句號； 主句是疑問句， 用問號。如：Who will give us a talk? I dont know.I don t know who will give usa talk.Do you know？Where does he live?Do you know where he lives?5) 賓語從句的轉(zhuǎn)化(1

9、).當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是hope， wish ， decide ， forget， plan ， agree等，且主句主語與從句主語相同時，從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.(2). 當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面帶特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化的賓語時，主從句的主語也須一致這時從句可以簡化成“疑問詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”。例如：I don't know which sweaterI s

10、hould buy.I don't know which sweater to buy.(3). 當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是ask ， tell, show, teach等后面帶雙賓語時，從句的主語和間接賓語一致，且從句是由特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化來時，從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化成“疑問詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)” , 或者在連接代詞/ 副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語或間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“連接代詞/ 副詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Couldyou tellme howto get to the park?(4). 當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是 find ，see， watch ， hear 等感官動詞時，從句常簡化為“賓語賓

11、補”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補為不帶 to 的不定式或 V-ing 形式。如：.下載可編輯 .She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the w allet lie/lying on the ground. 6). Exercise 13. 時間狀語從句1). when 、 as、 while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句分析：(1) when 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時表示“當(dāng) 的時候”， when 既可以指時間段也可指時間點，從句中既可用延續(xù)性動詞又可用非延續(xù)性動詞，且動作既可和主句的動作同時發(fā)生又可在主句的動作之前或之后發(fā)生。注意體會

12、如下例句 ：I ll call you when I get there.When the wind blows, all the doors rattle.He stopped trying, when he might have succeeded next time. When I came home my wife was cooking dinner.(2) while 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時表示“當(dāng) 的時候”，它強調(diào)主句的動作與從句的動作同時持續(xù)地進(jìn)行，用于這一用法時 while 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句和主句中的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞，或者主句的動作發(fā)生在從句動作的進(jìn)行過程中，主句中的謂

13、語動詞通常是非延續(xù)性動詞，例如：Study while you study; play while you play.I met her while I was at school.(3) as 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時表示“當(dāng) 時，一邊 一邊 ”，側(cè)重表示兩個動作同時發(fā)生 ( 包括一個主語同時進(jìn)行兩個動作 ) ，或者一種動作隨著另一種動作的變化而變化。例如：He jumps as he goes along.I slipped on the ice as I ran home.I saw him as he was getting off the bus.As the wind rose the

14、noise increased.（ 2） Exercise22). before和 after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句分析：(1) before引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句動作之前，after引導(dǎo)時間.下載可編輯 .狀語從句時表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后。例如：See me before you leave.Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test.I saw them after I arrived.I found his pen after he has left.(2)

15、Exercise 33). till和 until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句分析：(1) till和 until這兩個詞作連詞和介詞時的意義和用法相同，一般可以換用( 放在句首時通常用until的形式， till在口語中更為常見) 。 till和 until引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時跟主句里肯定形式或否定形式的、表示延續(xù)性動作的謂語動詞連用表示“到 為止”，跟主句里否定形式的、表示非延續(xù)性動作的謂語動詞連用表示“直到 才( 開始)”.例如：Walk till you come to a white house.We didnt discuss the problem until he came back.(2

16、) Exercise 44). since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句分析：(1) since 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句表示“自從 以來”，其用法主要有兩種：現(xiàn)在完成時的主句 +since 引導(dǎo)的一般過去時態(tài)的時間狀語從句。例如：He hasn t been home since he graduated.They have been friends ever since they were in grade school.(2) It be(主句中謂語用一般式和用完成式區(qū)別不大，后者更具強調(diào)意味)+ 表示一段時間的詞匯 +since 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。例如：It is two years since I

17、have become a postgraduate student.It was three years since we had been there.注意： since做介詞時也表示“自從 以來”，其具體用法有兩種情況：(3) since+ 表示過去某個時間點的詞匯 ( 如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點 ) 。例如：They have been friends since childhood.下載可編輯 .Shes been skiing since childhood.I have been there many times since the war.(4) since+ 表示一段時間的詞

18、匯 +ago。例如： I have been here since five months ago.(5) Exercise 55). before和 until辨析把握住兩者使用時本身的含義及主句動詞是終止性的，還是延續(xù)性的，肯定式，還是否定式兩大點，（1）在下列情況下，兩者可互換用，但含義略有不同。before表示“在 之前”的意思，強調(diào)時間先后關(guān)系；而until表示“直到 才”的意思，主句是肯定句則表示主句動作的終止時間；主句是否定句則強調(diào)主句動作的起始時間。A . 主句為否定式終止性謂語動詞。常見的動詞是open, start, leave, arrive,finish,stop 等。

19、例如：a The noise of the street didn't stop until/before it was midnight.b The children won't come back until/before it is dark.c.I didn't leave the lovely boy until/before his mother came home.B.主句為肯定式、延續(xù)性謂語詞，這類動詞用stand, stay, talk, be, wait等。例如：A He lived with his parents until/before he

20、graduated from school.B I will wait until/before he comes to my help.C I shall stay here until/before you come back.(2) 在下列情況下，用 before 不用 until 。A. 主句這肯定式、終止性謂語動詞，只用before 。例：a. He fell asleep before I could take off his clothes.b. We arrived there before it started to rain.c. The holiday came to t

21、he end before I knew it.d. He almost knocked me down before he saw me.B. . 主句謂語動詞強調(diào)動詞的遲緩性，只用before ，常伴有時間段狀語或時間段暗示。例：a. It was quite some time before he found the elephant at all.b. We had walked a long way before we found some water.c. We had sailed for two days before we saw the land.下載可編輯 .d. The

22、 fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters could control it.e. It was midnight before my brother came home.f. It was three months before they met again.C. . 如果強調(diào)從句謂語動作未發(fā)生，就發(fā)生主句謂語動作， 只用 before 。常譯為“未及”，“不”或“不等 就”。例：a. We can leave early in the morning before it gets too hot.b. I must write

23、 it down before I forget it.c. We do want to buy something now before prices go up.D. 表“與其說 倒不如”，“與其 毋寧 ”只用before 。例：a. I would give up my job before I'd agree to be dismissed.b. He will die of hunger before he will steal.E.在某些特定句型中用before 。例如：a. It was not long before the whole country rose up.

24、b. It will probably not be long before they understand each other.3) 下列情況一般區(qū)別用 until 。A. 主句是持續(xù)性謂語動詞時，肯定、否定都可以，但意義完全不同?？隙ū韯幼鹘K止，而否定表動作開始。例如：a. We discussed the problem until/before he came back. 我們一直討論到他回來。b. We didn't discuss the problem until he came back.我們一直等到他回來后才討論問題。B. .notuntil句型盡管在某些情況下可與

25、before互換用，但在強調(diào)句中一般仍用until。a. It was not until he told me that I knew it.b. It was not until he finished his homework that he went home.下載可編輯 .鞏固練習(xí)一賓語從句（ exercise1）1. Some ofmy friendsareinterestinginscience,butnone ofthemcan tell_.A. when UFOs will appear next timeB. why do horses know the wayC. whe

26、re was this kind of plant foundD. how do elephants communicate2. -What time will Mr. Brown be back to China?-Sorry. I dont know _.A. when did he go abroadB. why he is going abroadC. how soon will he be backD. how long he will stay abroad3. - May I come in ? Im sorry I am late.-Come in, please. But c

27、ould you please tell me_. ?A. why you are late againB. what were you doing thenC. who you talked withD. how do you come to school4. -Could you please tell me _. ?-Bus No.32 will take you right there.A. where is Henan MuseumB. what Henan Museum is likeC. how can I get to Henan Museum D. which bus I s

28、hall take to Henan Museum5. Peter says that the Whites are on holiday, but no one knows _. .A. where they have beenB. where are theyC. where are they fromD. where they have gone6. -Do you know _. the Capital Museum?-Next Friday.A. when will they visitB. when they will visit課堂作業(yè)C. when did they visit

29、D. when they visited7. He wanted to know _.the English party.A. when will we have B. when we will haveC. when would we have D. when we would have8. I want to know _. .A.when we should arriveattheairport B.when shouldwe arriveat theairportC. when the airport we should arrive atD. when the airport sho

30、uld we arriveat9.-David, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me _. ?-He is a doctor.A. who is heB. who he isC. what is heD. what he is10. -Could you tell me _. ? He is wanted by the head teacher.-Sorry, Ive no idea. But he _ here just now.A. where Tim; wasB. where is Tim; wasC. where T

31、im is; wasD. where Timis; is11. -Did Mrs. King leave a message?-Yes. She wanted to know _ this Sunday.A. who you would go shoppingB. if you would go shopping with herC. that you will go shoppingD. when will you go shopping with her12.-I m a teenager s mother. Sometimes I dont know.-Love and understa

32、nding.A. what my son needs mostB. what does my son want to getC. why my son gets annoyed very oftenD. why does my son get annoyed very often.13. -I wonder _. without water-About a week.A. how long man can liveB. how long can man liveC. when man can liveD. when can man live.下載可編輯 .點擊中考參考答案1. 參考答案 A.

33、我的一些朋友對自然科學(xué)感興趣，但他們誰也講不出下次不明飛行物出現(xiàn)的時間。賓語從句應(yīng)該用陳述語序。2. 參考答案 D. 布朗先生什么時候回中國？抱歉。我不知道他會在國外待多久。賓語從句應(yīng)該用陳述語序。3. 參考答案 A. 我可以進(jìn)來嗎？很抱歉我遲到了。 請進(jìn)，但請你告訴我為什么又遲到了嗎？賓語從句應(yīng)該用陳述語序。4. 參考答案 D. 你能告訴我怎樣到河南博物館（我坐幾路車能到河南博物館）嗎？賓語從句應(yīng)該用陳述語序。5. 參考答案 D. 彼得說懷特一家正在度假， 但沒有人知道他們?nèi)チ四睦铩?賓語從句應(yīng)該用陳述語序。 They have been to他們?nèi)ミ^某個地方，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了；they ha

34、ve gone to他們?nèi)チ四硞€地方，現(xiàn)在還沒有回來。6. 參考答案 B. 你知道他們什么時候參觀首都博物館嗎？下周五。賓語從句應(yīng)該用陳述語序。7.參考答案 D. 你想知道我們什么時候舉辦英語聯(lián)歡會。當(dāng)主句是一般過去時態(tài)的時候，賓語從句用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)，賓語從句應(yīng)該用陳述語序。8. 參考答案 A. 我想知道我們應(yīng)該什么時候到達(dá)機場。賓語從句應(yīng)該用陳述語序。9. 參考答案 D. David, 看那邊那個穿白衣服的人，你能告訴我他是干什么的嗎？他是醫(yī)生。詢問職業(yè)用 what；賓語從句應(yīng)該用陳述語序。10. 參考答案 C. 你能告訴我蒂姆在哪里嗎？班主任在找他。對不起，我不知道。但是他剛才在這里。動

35、詞tell后接的賓從應(yīng)用陳述語序，just now提示應(yīng)該用was.11. 參考答案 B. 金太太留口信了嗎？是的，她想知道這個周日你是否跟她一起去購物。12. 參考答案 A. 我是一個青少年的媽媽。有時我不知道我的兒子最需要什么。愛和理解。賓語從句應(yīng)該用陳述語序。 Love and understanding. 故用 what.13.參考答案A.我想知道，沒有水人能活多久。大約一周。About a week知詢問應(yīng)用howlong ，賓語從句應(yīng)該用陳述語序。二 定語從句Exercise2 ：1 I had just steeped outof the bathroom and wasbusi

36、ly drying myself witha towel _ I heard the steps.A. while B. when C. since D. after2 He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to hisears.A. why B. where C. when D. while3 We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started. A. when B. while C. until D. before4 I m going to

37、 the post office. _ you re there, can you get me some stamps?A. As B. While C. Because D. If5 I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident.下載可編輯 ._.A. went; was occurring B. went; occurredC. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurredExercise36He was toldthatitwould be at leastthreemore months _ he couldrecoverand return to work.A. when B. before C. since D. that7 It was some time _ we realized the truth. A. when B. until C. since D. beforeExercise 48It is difficult