人教版九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)件一

1、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1人教版九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)件一人教版九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)件一Unit13 Were trying to save the earth!Section A 1a -1c（第1課時(shí)） noise pollutionair pollutionwater pollution1a. Write the words related to different kinds of pollution in the box below.(Pairwork or groupwork)loud music cars rubbish planeslittering ships factories smokingbuilding h

2、ouses mobile phones_loud musiccars rubbishplaneslitteringshipsfactoriessmokingbuilding housesmobile phones1b. Listen and complete the sentences What was the problem? The river was _.Even the bottom of the river was full of _. There were no more _ for fishermen to catch.What caused the problem?People

3、 are throwing _into the river.Factories are putting _ into the river.How should the problem be solved?We should write to the _ and ask them to _ the factories. Everyone should helpto _ the river.really dirtyrubbishfishlitterwastegovernmentclose downclean upPoints on P971.try to do =try ones best to

4、do 努力去做某事努力去做某事2.be related to 與與有關(guān)有關(guān)3.mobile phones 手機(jī)手機(jī)4.rubbish, litter ,waste 垃圾垃圾,廢物廢物5.the bottom of the river 河底河底6.be full of 充滿充滿7.fisherman-fishermen 漁民漁民8.government 政府政府9.throw litter into the river 把垃圾扔到河里把垃圾扔到河里10. ask sb. to do 要求某人干某事要求某人干某事11. close down the factories 關(guān)閉工廠關(guān)閉工廠12. cl

5、ean up 打掃打掃13. used to be過(guò)去是過(guò)去是14. play a part in參與，在參與，在中扮演角色中扮演角色 We only have one earth ,we should protect it!2a Listen to the interview. the kinds of pollution that Jason and Susan talk about.A. waste pollution B. air pollution C. noise pollution D. water pollutionCircle2b. Listen again and comp

6、lete the sentences.litteringmore carspolluteare throwing away 1. Read the conversation quickly, find out the answer to the question.What kinds of pollution are mentioned in this conversation?2d. Air pollution and waste pollution. 2.Read the conversation again and complete the blanks. Pollution Ways

7、to solve the problem Air pollution Waste pollution Take the bus or subway instead of driving;ride a bike.bring a bag to go shopping; only use wooden chopsticks or plastic forks at home;Throw rubbish in the bins 1. This is turning beautiful places into ugly ones.2. turn into 把把變成變成e.g. The icy rain s

8、eemed like to turn into snow. 漸漸地凍雨又變成雪花的模樣。漸漸地凍雨又變成雪花的模樣。 2. Its good for health and it doesnt cost anything! cost v. 花費(fèi)；使付出花費(fèi)；使付出 指花費(fèi)金錢，主語(yǔ)通常是物。指花費(fèi)金錢，主語(yǔ)通常是物。cost的過(guò)的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞均為去式和過(guò)去分詞均為cost。 e.g. The new shirt cost Mr Wang 200 yuan. 王先生花了王先生花了200元買了新襯衫。元買了新襯衫。 How much does the new computer cost? 新電腦

9、花了多少錢？新電腦花了多少錢？take, spend, pay & costtake，spend，pay和和cost都可以表示都可以表示“花花費(fèi)費(fèi)”，但它們的用法各有不同。，但它們的用法各有不同。1) take多表示花費(fèi)時(shí)間多表示花費(fèi)時(shí)間，常用于，常用于It takes sb. some time to do sth.這一句型中，這一句型中，其中其中it作形式主語(yǔ)作形式主語(yǔ)。 e.g. It usually takes me 40 minutes to cook the dinner.2) spend多表示花費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢，主語(yǔ)通多表示花費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢，主語(yǔ)通常是人常是人，常用于，常用于s

10、b. spend(s) some time / money on sth.和和sb. spend(s) some time / money (in) doing sth.兩種句型。兩種句型。 e.g. David spent 2,000 yuan on the new machine. My father spends an hour (in) watching the news on TV every day.3) pay多表示花費(fèi)金錢，主語(yǔ)通常是人多表示花費(fèi)金錢，主語(yǔ)通常是人，常用于常用于sb. pay(s) some money for sth.句句型。型。 e.g. Tommy pai

11、d 20 yuan for his breakfast yesterday.4) cost多表示花費(fèi)金錢，主語(yǔ)通常是物多表示花費(fèi)金錢，主語(yǔ)通常是物，常用于常用于sth. cost(s) (sb.) some money.句句型。型。 e.g. The new dress cost Linda 88 yuan.根據(jù)句意用根據(jù)句意用take, spend, pay或或cost的適當(dāng)?shù)倪m當(dāng)形式填空。形式填空。1. That new car _ them lots of money.2. Mona _ 50 yuan on the books just now.3. It usually _ me a

12、n hour to do my homework.cost?spent?takes4. You should _? some time practising your pronunciation.5. My brother _?6, 000 yuan for the new computer yesterday.spendpaid3. So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future! make a difference (to) 表示表示(對(duì)對(duì))產(chǎn)生影響或作用產(chǎn)生影響或作用 e.g. Do y

13、ou think his words would make any difference to the final decision? 你認(rèn)為他的話會(huì)對(duì)最后的決定產(chǎn)生影你認(rèn)為他的話會(huì)對(duì)最后的決定產(chǎn)生影 響嗎？響嗎？ The new teacher always encourages little Tom. This has made a big difference to him.新來(lái)的老師總是鼓勵(lì)小湯姆，這對(duì)他影新來(lái)的老師總是鼓勵(lì)小湯姆，這對(duì)他影響很大。響很大。用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Were trying _ (save) the earth.2. There u

14、sed to _ (be) clean and beautiful.3. There are too many _ for _ to catch (fish).4. Its bad for environment to use _ (wood) chopsticks.to savebefishwoodenfishermen用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Dont throw _(垃圾垃圾) everywhere.2. In winter, many people burn _(煤煤) to keep warm.3. The police found a bod

15、y at the _(底部底部) of the lake.4. The _(花費(fèi)花費(fèi)) of living in big cities is very high.5. He keeps a rabbit in a big _(木制的木制的) box.cost wooden, coal , bottom, littercost woodencoalbottomlitter根據(jù)句意用根據(jù)句意用take, spend, pay或或cost的適當(dāng)?shù)倪m當(dāng)形式填空。形式填空。1. That new car _ them lots of money.2. Mona _ 50 yuan on the book

16、s just now.3. It usually _ me an hour to do my homework.cost spent takes4. You should _ some time practising your pronunciation.5. My brother _ 6, 000 yuan for the new computer yesterday.spendpaid3. So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future! make a difference (to) 表示

17、表示(對(duì)對(duì))產(chǎn)生影響或作用產(chǎn)生影響或作用 e.g. Do you think his words would make any difference to the final decision? 你認(rèn)為他的話會(huì)對(duì)最后的決定產(chǎn)生影你認(rèn)為他的話會(huì)對(duì)最后的決定產(chǎn)生影 響嗎？響嗎？ The new teacher always encourages little Tom. This has made a big difference to him.新來(lái)的老師總是鼓勵(lì)小湯姆，這對(duì)他影新來(lái)的老師總是鼓勵(lì)小湯姆，這對(duì)他影響很大。響很大。Memory1.努力去做某事努力去做某事2.與與有關(guān)有關(guān)3.手機(jī)手機(jī)4.

18、垃圾垃圾,廢物廢物5.河底河底6.充滿充滿7.漁民漁民8.政府政府9.把垃圾扔到河里把垃圾扔到河里10. 要求某人干某事要求某人干某事11. 關(guān)閉工廠關(guān)閉工廠12. 打掃打掃13. 過(guò)去是過(guò)去是14. 在在中起作用，在中起作用，在中扮演角色中扮演角色 Points on P9815. be badly polluted 受到嚴(yán)重污染受到嚴(yán)重污染16. public places 公共場(chǎng)所公共場(chǎng)所17. turninto 把把變成變成18. cut down 減少減少19. take the bus or subway instead of driving 乘坐乘坐公交或地鐵代替開車公交或地鐵代

19、替開車20. ride a bike 騎自行車騎自行車21. advantages of bike riding 騎自行車的好處騎自行車的好處 Points on P5822. be good for our health 對(duì)我們的健康有好處對(duì)我們的健康有好處23. cost，spend，take, pay 花費(fèi)花費(fèi)24. wood-wooden25. takeaway food 外賣食物外賣食物26. throw rubbish in the bins 把垃圾扔進(jìn)垃圾箱把垃圾扔進(jìn)垃圾箱27. keep public places clean and beautiful 保持公共保持公共場(chǎng)所干

20、凈漂亮場(chǎng)所干凈漂亮28. make a difference (to) (對(duì)對(duì))產(chǎn)生影響或作用產(chǎn)生影響或作用29. lead to 導(dǎo)致，通向?qū)е拢ㄏ?1.be polluted2.burn coal3.too much4.throw o.6.around here7.be able to8.solve a/the problem9.cut down air pollution10.take the bus or subway11.instead of1.騎自行車騎自行車2.騎自行車有別的好處。騎自行車有別的好處。3.對(duì)對(duì).有益有益4.垃圾污染垃圾污染5.去購(gòu)物去

21、購(gòu)物6.開始做某事開始做某事7.記得要把垃圾扔進(jìn)垃圾桶記得要把垃圾扔進(jìn)垃圾桶8.保持公共場(chǎng)所的整潔和美麗保持公共場(chǎng)所的整潔和美麗9.對(duì)對(duì).有影響、有作用有影響、有作用10.通向美好未來(lái)通向美好未來(lái)1.ride the bike2.There are other advantages of bike riding.3.be good for4.waste pollution5.go shopping6.start doing7.remember to throw rubbish in the bins8.keep public places clean and beatiful9.make a

22、difference to sb.10.lead to a better future用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Were trying _ (save) the earth.2. There used to _ (be) clean and beautiful.3. There are too many _ for _ to catch (fish).4. Its bad for environment to use _ (wood) chopsticks.to savebefishwoodenfishermen用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

23、。1. Dont throw _(垃圾垃圾) everywhere.2. In winter, many people burn _(煤煤) to keep warm.3. The police found a body at the _(底部底部) of the lake.4. The _(花費(fèi)花費(fèi)) of living in big cities is very high.5. He keeps a rabbit in a big _(木制的木制的) box.cost wooden, coal , bottom, littercost woodencoalbottomlitter【合作探究

24、合作探究】ones best to do sth.習(xí)慣干某事過(guò)去常常做某事動(dòng)詞原形doing2. He _ go out with his parents, but now he _ staying at home alone. A. used to; is used to B. is used to; used to C. use to; is used to D. is used to; is used to【合作探究合作探究】3. Its good for health and it doesnt cost anything! 它對(duì)身體有好處并且它對(duì)身體有好處并且不會(huì)花費(fèi)任何東西。不會(huì)花

25、費(fèi)任何東西。 cost vt.1. 花費(fèi)；價(jià)格為； 【拓展】take/ spend /cost /pay的用法都可以表示“花費(fèi)”，但用法卻不盡相同。spend的主語(yǔ)必須是_， 常用于 _ cost的主語(yǔ)是物或某種活動(dòng)， 還可以表示“值”，用于 _ （注意：cost的過(guò)去式及過(guò)去分詞都是cost,并且不能用于被動(dòng)句。） take后面常跟雙賓語(yǔ)， 常見(jiàn)于_ pay的基本用法是：_人人Sb. spend time/money on sth.Sb. spend time/money doing sth.cost sb. money. It takes sb. sometime to do sth.pa

26、y money for sth.4.To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving. 為了減少空氣污染，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)乘坐公汽或地鐵而不是開車。為了減少空氣污染，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)乘坐公汽或地鐵而不是開車。 本句中本句中To cut down air pollution是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。cut down 意為意為_減少減少 We must do something useful to _ pollution. A. cut off B. cut up C . cut do

27、wn D. cut in 當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)B.A.pollutionkeepingimprovingwoodenfishermanersis full ofinstead ofmakebetterwoodenHomework We have only one earth,find out as many ways to solve pollution problems as possible. _.Section APeriod Threetake part inaffordturn offreusablepay fortake actiontransportation參加參加v. 買的起；承

28、擔(dān)的起買的起；承擔(dān)的起（后果）（后果）關(guān)掉關(guān)掉adj. 可重復(fù)使用的可重復(fù)使用的付費(fèi)；付出代價(jià)付費(fèi)；付出代價(jià)采取行動(dòng)采取行動(dòng)n. 運(yùn)輸業(yè)；交通運(yùn)輸運(yùn)輸業(yè)；交通運(yùn)輸Words Review用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Listen! The phone _(ring). Please go to answer it.2. Alan, its late. Why not go to bed? Jenny hasnt come back yet. I _(wait) for her. 3. Whats your father doing now? He _ (w

29、rite) a letter in the study.is ringingam waitingis writing現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作?；虬l(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 Look! The big bird is flying away. 看，那只大鳥正在飛走?？?，那只大鳥正在飛走。 He is watching a movie now. 他現(xiàn)在正在看電影。他現(xiàn)在正在看電影。 Right now I am studying Chinese by distance learning. 我現(xiàn)在正通過(guò)遠(yuǎn)程教育學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)。我現(xiàn)在正通過(guò)遠(yuǎn)程教育學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)。3) 與

30、與always, constantly, forever, all the time等副詞連用，表示動(dòng)作反復(fù)或習(xí)等副詞連用，表示動(dòng)作反復(fù)或習(xí) 慣。此時(shí)句子常含有說(shuō)話者的強(qiáng)烈慣。此時(shí)句子常含有說(shuō)話者的強(qiáng)烈 情感在內(nèi)。表達(dá)較強(qiáng)的情感在內(nèi)。表達(dá)較強(qiáng)的“責(zé)備責(zé)備”或或“表表 揚(yáng)揚(yáng)”之意。之意。 You are always changing your mind. 你總是主意不定。你總是主意不定。(太煩人了。太煩人了。) He is always helping others. 他總是幫助別人。他總是幫助別人。(他真是個(gè)好人。他真是個(gè)好人。) He is leaving on Wednesday. 他將

31、于周三離開。他將于周三離開。 Mary isnt here at the moment. She is coming later. 瑪麗現(xiàn)在不在這兒，她一會(huì)兒來(lái)。瑪麗現(xiàn)在不在這兒，她一會(huì)兒來(lái)。 I called you at 4:00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered. Sorry, I _ with my friends at that time. (2011河南河南) A. swim B. swam C. will swim D. was swimming考點(diǎn)例析考點(diǎn)例析【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某階過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去

32、某一時(shí)刻或某階 段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，其謂語(yǔ)由段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，其謂語(yǔ)由“was / were + 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。 常與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：常與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： then, at that time, this time yesterday, at ten yesterday等。等。用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Id like to introduce my best friend to you, Peter. Thank you, Lucy. But we _ (meet) already.2. Look at thes

33、e stamps. I _ (keep) them for five years. Wow, they are wonderful.have methave kept肯定句：肯定句：主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + have / has + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 + 其他其他否定句：否定句：主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + havent / hasnt + 過(guò)去分過(guò)去分 詞詞 + 其他其他一般一般 Have / Has + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 + 疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)句：？肯定答語(yǔ)：肯定答語(yǔ)：Yes, 主格代詞主格代詞 + have / has.否定答語(yǔ)：否定答語(yǔ)：No, 主格代詞主格代詞 + havent / hasnt.1. 表

34、示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。2. 動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果、動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果、 影響等。影響等。3. 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，并且一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，并且一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至還可能繼續(xù)下去，句中使用持續(xù)性在，甚至還可能繼續(xù)下去，句中使用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，且常有表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞，且常有表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用在條件或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用在條件或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。中，表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) + since + 點(diǎn)

35、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)點(diǎn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(名名詞、短語(yǔ)、從句，其中從句用一般詞、短語(yǔ)、從句，其中從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí))2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) + for + 段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 3) It / This is the first / 其他序數(shù)詞其他序數(shù)詞 / last time + that 從句中，從句使用從句中，從句使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。1) Mary has been ill since three days ago. 2) Mary has been ill for three days. 3) It is the first time that I have visited the city

36、.This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法用法表示經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的表示經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作動(dòng)作、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或客觀真理、科學(xué)或客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)等。事實(shí)等。表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。存在的狀態(tài)。表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作?；虬l(fā)生的動(dòng)作。表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。存在的狀態(tài)。表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)

37、時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)?；虼嬖诘臓顟B(tài)。表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或者未發(fā)生的事對(duì)者未發(fā)生的事對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果?；蚪Y(jié)果。 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成方式方式1. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞be(am/is/are) + 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)2. 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 + (主語(yǔ)是第三人稱主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞也用第三數(shù)，動(dòng)詞也用第三人稱單數(shù)人稱單數(shù))1. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞was/were + 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)2. 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的過(guò)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式去式 + be(am/is/are) + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞分詞was / were + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞的現(xiàn)在分詞1. will/shall + 動(dòng)動(dòng)詞原形詞原形(sha

38、ll 用于第一用于第一人稱人稱)2. be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + have / has + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 + 句句型型變變化化疑疑問(wèn)問(wèn)式式1. Be + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + ?2. Do/Does + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形+ ?1. Was/Were + 主主語(yǔ)語(yǔ) + ?2. Did + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 + ?Be + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 + ?Was / Were + 主主語(yǔ)語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞分詞 + ？1. Will/Shall + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形+ ?2. Be + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ go

39、ing to + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形原形 + ?Have / Has + 主主語(yǔ)語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 + ？否否定定式式1. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + be + not + 2. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+dont/doesnt + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 + 1. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + was/were + not +2. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + didnt + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + be + not + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞分詞 + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + wasnt (was not) / werent (were not) + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞在分詞 + 1. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + will/shall not + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形

40、 + 2. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + be + not + going to + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + havent / hasnt + 過(guò)去分過(guò)去分詞詞 + 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. The Secondary School Entrance Exams _ (hold) in June.2. A strange noise _ (hear) by his mother last night.3. A wide road _ (build) between the two villages by those people next year. i

41、s heldwas heardwill be built被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者，者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由由“be + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成構(gòu)成。be隨著主語(yǔ)人稱和數(shù)以及時(shí)態(tài)的不同隨著主語(yǔ)人稱和數(shù)以及時(shí)態(tài)的不同而變化。含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由而變化。含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“can / must / may / should + be + 過(guò)過(guò)去分詞去分詞”構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)The first section of New College English is designed for speaking practiceand is base

42、d on pictures and topics.These computers were made in our own country last year.Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony?一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：am/is/are + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：was/were+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：will/shall+be+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 1. 有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，在用于被有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)

43、構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的是間接賓語(yǔ)后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的是間接賓語(yǔ)(指人指人的賓語(yǔ)）。的賓語(yǔ)）。一些特殊的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一些特殊的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)They didnt offer Ann the job. Ann wasnt offered the job. 2. 在使役動(dòng)詞在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get以及感官以及感官動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式

44、to要省略，但變?yōu)橐÷?，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加 to。They make her clean the floor. She is made to clean the floor by them.3. It + be + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 + that從句從句 (=主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ be + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 + to do sth.)表示：據(jù)說(shuō)表示：據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道據(jù)報(bào)道/據(jù)悉據(jù)悉/據(jù)信等據(jù)信等據(jù)說(shuō)這個(gè)男孩已經(jīng)通過(guò)了這次全國(guó)性的據(jù)說(shuō)這個(gè)男孩已經(jīng)通過(guò)了這次全國(guó)性的測(cè)試。測(cè)試。It is said that the boy has passed thenational exam. The

45、boy is said to have passed thenational exam.1. 某些感官動(dòng)詞加形容詞及少數(shù)其他的某些感官動(dòng)詞加形容詞及少數(shù)其他的動(dòng)詞本身可以表示被動(dòng)意義。動(dòng)詞本身可以表示被動(dòng)意義。smell, taste, prove, sell, etc.1) The dish tastes delicious. 2) The theory proved right at last.3) The book is so interesting that it sells well. 不可以變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況不可以變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況2. need + V- ing 表示表示“主語(yǔ)承

46、受動(dòng)詞發(fā)主語(yǔ)承受動(dòng)詞發(fā)出的動(dòng)作出的動(dòng)作”，表示被動(dòng)意義。，表示被動(dòng)意義。我的車需要修理。我的車需要修理。My car needs repairing. (= to be repaired). 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)了。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)了。The war broke out.但不能說(shuō)：但不能說(shuō)：The war was broke out.3. 通常只有及物動(dòng)詞（組）才有被動(dòng)通常只有及物動(dòng)詞（組）才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有。語(yǔ)態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有。 “be + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)并不都是被這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)并不都是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)主要區(qū)別是與系表結(jié)構(gòu)主要區(qū)別

47、是：被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)一個(gè)動(dòng)作，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，或所處的狀態(tài)，試比較下面的句子：試比較下面的句子：被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別The enemy was soon surrounded by us.The house is surrounded by trees.She was bitten by the dog in the darkness. I was excited by the news that my husbandgot promoted.被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)系表結(jié)構(gòu)系表結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) 系表結(jié)構(gòu)系

48、表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) do / doesam / is / are + done一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí) didwas / were + done一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí) will / be going to + dowill / be going to + be + done一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)和被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)和被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) (以動(dòng)詞以動(dòng)詞do為例為例)：1.We can do it by ourselves.2.It must be Toms. Look at his name on the c

49、over. 3.Im sorry. Children mustnt swim here. 4.May see you ID card, sir?5.Will you pass me the book?指出下列劃線動(dòng)詞的種類。指出下列劃線動(dòng)詞的種類。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞具有一定的意義，但不能單獨(dú)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞具有一定的意義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，其后需接動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)，其后需接動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(除除have to以外以外)沒(méi)有人稱沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。另外，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可用來(lái)構(gòu)成和數(shù)的變化。另外，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

50、可用來(lái)構(gòu)成否定句、疑問(wèn)句并進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)略回答。初中常否定句、疑問(wèn)句并進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)略回答。初中常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can, may, must, need, have to, could, should, ought to 等。等?？键c(diǎn)一：考查表示考點(diǎn)一：考查表示“能力能力”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 1. _ your Australian friend eat with chopsticks? Yes, but she cant use them well. A. Should B. Need C. Can D. Must2. The work is too hard for us. We _

51、finish it on time. A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt 3. Could your father play golf when he was young? No, he _. But he _ play table tennis. A. couldnt; could B. neednt; might C. mustnt; should D. shouldnt; need 【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can表示表示“能力能力”時(shí)，與時(shí)，與be able to同義，其否定形式為同義，其否定形式為cant。can表示現(xiàn)在的能力，

52、其過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在的能力，其過(guò)去式could表示過(guò)表示過(guò)去的能力。去的能力。考點(diǎn)二：考查表示考點(diǎn)二：考查表示“應(yīng)該應(yīng)該”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 1. _ we to finish our homework before noon? Yes, you _. A. Need; can B. Have; do C. Ought; ought to D. Should; must2. You _ study hard if you want to be a scientist in the future. A. may B. should C. would D. could 【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

53、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should和和ought to都可表示都可表示“應(yīng)該應(yīng)該”，但，但should側(cè)重說(shuō)話者主觀的看側(cè)重說(shuō)話者主觀的看法，而法，而ought to更側(cè)重客觀情況。更側(cè)重客觀情況。 should的否定形式為的否定形式為shouldnt，ought to的否定形式為的否定形式為oughtnt to或或ought not to?？键c(diǎn)三：考查表示考點(diǎn)三：考查表示“請(qǐng)求；許可請(qǐng)求；許可”的情的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及其回答態(tài)動(dòng)詞及其回答 1. _ I borrow your maths book? Sure. Here you are. A. Need B. Will C. May D. Must 2. _ I

54、 take some photos in the hall? No, you _. Look at the sign “No photos”! A. Can; neednt B. Must; mustnt C. Should; neednt D. May; mustnt 3. Could I use your dictionary for a while? Yes, of course you _. A. could B. can C. will D. should 【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may和和can都可表示都可表示“請(qǐng)求；請(qǐng)求；許可許可”。may比比can正式，正式，co

55、uld在表示在表示“請(qǐng)請(qǐng)求；許可求；許可” 時(shí)，既可表示過(guò)去，也可表示時(shí)，既可表示過(guò)去，也可表示語(yǔ)氣的委婉。語(yǔ)氣的委婉。 當(dāng)當(dāng)“May / Can / Could I ”表示表示“請(qǐng)請(qǐng)求；許可求；許可”時(shí)，肯定回答常用時(shí)，肯定回答常用“Yes, please.” / “Certainly.”等，否定回答常用等，否定回答常用“No, you cant / mustnt.”等。等?？键c(diǎn)四：考查表示考點(diǎn)四：考查表示“推測(cè)推測(cè)”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1. I saw Lily in the supermarket this morning. Oh, it _ her. She moved to Aust

56、ralia the day before yesterday. A. can be B. must be C. cant be D. mustnt be2. After a long walk, the children _ be very tired now. A. will B. must C. have to D. can3. John _ go with us tomorrow, but he isnt sure. A. must B. can C. need D. may 【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】 may, can, must都可表都可表“推測(cè)推測(cè)”，三者，三者的可能性依次遞增。的可能性

57、依次遞增。 may和和must表表“推測(cè)推測(cè)”常用于肯定句常用于肯定句中，中，can表表“推測(cè)推測(cè)”常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。中?？键c(diǎn)五：考查考點(diǎn)五：考查need, must和和have to的用法的用法 1. Jim, you _ play with the knife. You _ hurt yourself. A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt 2. _ I have to hand in my homework now, Mr Zhang? Yes, you do. A. D

58、o B. Can C. May D. Must 3. Must I get up before six oclock tomorrow morning, Dad? No, you _. Tomorrow is Saturday. You may get up a little later. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. may not4. Its too late. We _ go home, or well be blamed (責(zé)備責(zé)備). A. can B. may C. might D. have to【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】 need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為作情態(tài)

59、動(dòng)詞，意為“需要需要”，后，后接動(dòng)詞原形，常用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條接動(dòng)詞原形，常用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件句中。件句中。 must意為意為“必須必須”，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法。，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法。對(duì)對(duì)must引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答常用引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答常用“must”，否定回答常用，否定回答常用neednt或或dont have to。mustnt意為意為“一定不要；禁止一定不要；禁止”。 have to意為意為“ 不得不；必須不得不；必須”，強(qiáng)調(diào)，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀情況下需要做某事，有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)客觀情況下需要做某事，有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，變否定句和疑問(wèn)句時(shí)需要借助態(tài)的變化，變否定句和疑問(wèn)句時(shí)需要借助助

60、動(dòng)詞完成句型的變化。助動(dòng)詞完成句型的變化。分分類類特點(diǎn)特點(diǎn) 例詞例詞意義意義例句例句情情態(tài)態(tài)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞詞跟動(dòng)跟動(dòng)詞原詞原形形（有（有自己自己的詞的詞匯意匯意思）思）can (could), may (might), should, ought to, must, need, have to, etc.不能獨(dú)立不能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)。做謂語(yǔ)。表示說(shuō)話表示說(shuō)話人語(yǔ)氣、人語(yǔ)氣、情感情感或或態(tài)態(tài)度，無(wú)人度，無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的稱和數(shù)的變化變化(have to除外除外)We cant carry the heavy box.He may come tomorrow.We must study hard. Jenny used to